| Female Sexual Offender Annotated Bibliography by Author | ||||||||
| Theresa M. Porter, PsyD | ||||||||
| theresaporterpsyd@femaleaggression.info | ||||||||
| Click here for list sorted by Author | Click here for list sorted by Date | Click here for list sorted by Category | ||||||
| Authors | Year | Title | Journal | Pages | Publisher | Editors | Category | |
| 1971 | The Last Picture Show | Legal issues or research issues | ||||||
| a 1971 film based on 1966 novel by Larry McMurtry. The wife of the high school athletics coach is sexual with a male high school senior. | ||||||||
| 1974 | Emmanuelle | Legal issues or research issues | ||||||
| Emmanuelle is a 1974 softcore French film depicting sexual intimacy between an underage girl and an adult woman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_(film) | ||||||||
| 1994 | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | New York: The Guilford Press | Elliott, M. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| 1998 | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies. | New York: The Guilford Press | Anderson, P. B., & Struckman-Johnson, C. | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| 2004 | National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth | NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders. | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| 2005 | Treating sibling abuse families. | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 10, no. 5 (2005): 604-623 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Sister-brother incest was 3rd largest group (10%), Sister-sister incest was least common (7%). 15% of the women reported being victims of Sister-sister physical assault and 10% of men reported a history of Sister-brother physical assault. | ||||||||
| 2007 | Female Sex Offenders | Center for Sex Offender Management. | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| 2009 | Assessment and treatment of sex offenders: A handbook. | Wiley. com | Beech, Anthony R., Leam A. Craig, and Kevin D. Browne | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Female perps use a reframing of their crime in a way similar to that noted by Denov 2001 | ||||||||
| 2009 | More Children telling Childline about Female sex abusers | Press Release | NSPCC | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| 2009 | Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-2009 | Special Report | Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 228416 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| 26,550 youths, 10.3% reported sexual victimization (contact) with staff, 95% of the staff perpetrators were female. | ||||||||
| 2013 | The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Legal and Ethical Aspects of Sex Offender Treatment and Management | 321-338 | Harrison, Karen & Bernadette Rainey | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| chapter on female sex offenders reviews the issue, the need for ‘gender responsive’ approach | ||||||||
| 2014 | http://www.theguardian.co/books/2014/jun/27/sff-community-marion-zimmer-bradley-daughter-accuses-abuse | |||||||
| Moira Greyland, Bradley's daughter, went public with her accusation onthe blog of the author Deirdre Saoirse Moen earlier this month, giving Moen permission to quote from an email in which she wrote: "The first time she molested me, I was three. The last time, I was 12, and able to walk away … She was cruel and violent, as well as completely out of her mind sexually. I am not her only victim, nor were her only victims girls." | ||||||||
| Male victims of abuse had significantly higher rates of psychiatric treatment during the study period than general population controls. Rates were higher for childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders and major affective disorders, but not for schizophrenia. 22.8% of Male victims had treatment. | ||||||||
| Vagina Monologues | ||||||||
| The play is meant includes discussion about violence against women but the original included a the rape of a 13 yr old girl by a 24 yr old adult who used alcohol as a tool (The Little Coochi Snorcher that Could). It originally included the line "...if it was rape, it was a good rape." It eventually was edited to move the victim's age to 16. | ||||||||
| Statutory Rape | A Guide to State Laws Reporting, Requirements, a Summary of Current State Laws | |||||||
| Age of Consent: this is the age at which an individual can legally consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstance• Minimum Age of Victim: this is the age below which an individual cannot consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstance • Age Differential: if the victim is above the Minimum Age and below the Age of Consent, the age differential is the Maximum Difference in age between the victim and the defendant where an individual can legally consent to sexual intercourse • Minimum Age of Defendant in order to Prosecute: this is the age below which an individual cannot be prosecuted for engaging in sexual activities with minors • A common misperception about statutory rape is that state codes define a single age at which an individual can legally consent to sex. Only 12 states have a single age of consent, below which an individual can’t consent to intercourse under any circumstance | ||||||||
| http://www.socraddockmethod.com/can-a-woman-rape-a-man/ | ||||||||
| http://rebrn.com/re/this-is-how-mary-p-koss-one-of-the-most-prominent-feminist-resea-648696/ So what do we call it when a woman forces another woman to have sex without consent? | ||||||||
| https://plus.google.com/wm/trollface-meme_www.trollize.com_viral-videos-funny-lol/communities/112326066630207633294 male survivors site | ||||||||
| Bilitis | Legal issues or research issues | |||||||
| is a 1977 French film depicting sexual intimacy between an underage girl and an adult woman.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilitis_(film) | ||||||||
| It was A Woman | Legal issues or research issues | |||||||
| It Was A Woman documentary by a victim of sexual abuse by a female perpetrator. Includes interviews with Franca Cortoni (researcher), Rick Goodwin (The Men's Project) and Julie Brand (survivor/educator). She also discusses gender role expectations and how they interfere with perceiving the abuse. www.itwasawoman.com/IWAW/IWAW_ONESHEET.pdf | ||||||||
| APRI State Rape Statutes compiled by the America Prosecutors Research Institute | Legal issues or research issues | |||||||
| Each US state has multiple charge options: Alaska: Sexual Abuse of a minor (Class A,B, or C felony) Arizona: sexual Conduct w/ minor (Class 6) California: Unlawful sexual intercourse w/ a minor (misdemeanor if victim is over 16) Colorado: Sexual Assault (Misdemeanor if victim is 15+); sexual assault ona child/in a positon of trust (class 4 of victim 15+) Florida: Sexual Battery (3rd degree if person is in postion of authority) Iowa: sexual exploitation of a minor (class ); sexual misonduct with juvenile offenders (aggravated misdemeanor) Kansas: Criminal Sodomy (Class B misdemeanor if w/ smae sex victim 16+ or animal/ Felony 3 if victim is 14-16) Maine: Sexual Abuse of Minors (class C if incest or perp is 10+ yrs older than victim; class D if perp is shool employee and victim is -18); Unlawful sexual contact (class E if 16+ yr old and perp is shool employee). New Mexico: Criminal Sexual ontact with a minor (4th degree felony) New York: Sexual Conduct against a child (class B or felony) North Carolina: Statutory rape of 13-15 r old (class if perp is 6+ yrs older) North Dakota: Corruption of minor (class C if victim is 15+); Ohio: Unlawful sexual conduct with a minor (3rd degree felony) Oregon: Contributing to a sexual delinquency of a minor (misdemeanor) Pennsylvania: Statutory sexual assault (2nd degree felony) Tennessee: Statutory Rape (lass E felony) Utah: Unlawful sexual conduct with 16+ yr old (3rd degree felony) | ||||||||
| Zimbio's 50 most Infamous female teacher sex scandals 3/29/12 | Legal issues or research issues | |||||||
| • Elizabeth Stow: 1 year • Mary Kay Letourneau: Two counts of statutory rape; initially sentenced to 6 months, didn’t have to Register as Sex Offender; violated this plea agreement w/in 4 weeks; • Debra LaFave Lewd or Lascivious Battery (oral sex and intercourse) with 14 year old; three years of Community Control (house arrest), seven years of probation. House arrest was allowed to end 4 months early. • Abbie Jane Swogger Included involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, corruption of minors and possession with intent to deliver crack cocaine, victims 14-17, sentenced to three to six years in jail, special education teacher's aide • Pamela Rogers Turner Felony sexual battery by an authority figure Age of Student: 13; sentenced to nine months in prison, part of an eight-year suspended sentence. However, she was arrested again in April, 2006, for sending the same student sexual pictures and videos of herself, as well as contacting him through blogs and social networks. ordered her to serve the remaining seven years of her sentence in state prison • Nicole Long: 45 days 90 days in jail and lost her teaching license • Stephanie Ragusa Felony sex with a minor and lewd and lascivious battery students 14-16; 10 years jail, possibly due to arrogance in court and having abused 2 different victims. The encounters continued even after she had been arrested and told to stay away from him. • Lisa Lavoie: 5 years probation • Alison Peck Two counts second-degree statutory rape and sodomy, 13 year old victim, arrested twice, second time was after having been told to stay away from victim; November 2009, the former teacher was convicted for a relationship with a 16-year-old student the previous winter and spring, put on probation, violated it by failing to register as sex offender and must serve 5 years • Shannon Best Misdemeanor attempted crime against nature and giving alcohol to a student $250 fine, suspended 45-day jail sentence, placed on 18 months of probation, and paid a $250 fine. She was not required to register as a sex offender. • Jill Lewis One count improper relationship between an educator and a student verdict pending. • Amy McElhenney: loss of teaching certificate. One count of improper relationship with a student • Carrie McCandless One felony count of sexual assault on a child by one in a position of trust and contributing to the delinquency of a minor. sentenced to 45 days in jail. In March of 2009, she returned briefly to jail for violating the terms of her parole by drinking alcohol and being found in the bed of another parolee. • Traci Tapp Harassment by offensive touching., 15 year old student; pleaded guilty this week to having sexual encounters with three male students walked away with no jail time or probation • Beth Geisel Two felony charges of rape in the third degree and two charges of endangering the welfare of a minor will serve six months in jail, receive alcohol counseling when she's released, and will be on the sex offender registry. • Jennifer Mally: 6 months Three counts of sexual conduct with a minor • Natasha Sizow Two counts each of indecent liberties and use of a communications device to facilitate crimes against children, all charges were later dropped • Autumn Leathers Second-degree custodial child abuse, fourth-degree sex offense, perverted practice, and second-degree assault 15 year old student; pleaded guilty to one count of fourth-degree sex offense, and all other charges were dropped. She was given a one-year suspended jail sentence, and required to register as a sex offender • Elizabeth Stow 12 counts of sexual intercourse with a minor, oral copulation with a minor given a suspended sentence of nine years, and was required to serve one year in a county jail. • Cris Morris: 30 days (served over 15 weekends) Three counts of third-degree felony unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old. • Carmina Lopez 11 yr old student; 40 counts of lewd act with a child, 40 counts of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor, continuous sexual abuse of a child, aggravated sexual assault of a child under 14 years of age, sexual battery, cruelty to a child, annoying or molesting a child under 18 years of age, 11 counts of failure to report child abuse by a mandated reporter; defense attorney said the boy raped the woman and threatened to claim molestation if she told anyone; acquitted • Margaret De Barraicua Felony improper relationship between an educator and student; sentenced to one year in jail.2009 violated her probation • Lisa Robyn Marinelli Unlawful sex with a minor; sentenced to a year of house arrest, and was required to register as a sex offender • Samantha Solomon No charges filed; She was fired from the position. She admitted to investigators that she had sexual intercourse • Jennifer Lea Burton; 14 year old Female victim; Three counts of sexual assault and three counts of improper relationship between an educator and student; got 10 years • Sarah Tolzien Eight counts of criminal sexual assault and 24 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. sentenced to 18-months of probation, and she must register as a sex offender for the next ten years. The 25-year-old also lost her teacher’s license • Hope Jacoby victim under 17; Oral copulation of a minor and unlawful sex with a minor; sentenced to 3 years probation • Cameo Patch: no jail time. Judge Mark Kouris “if this was a 29 year old male and a 17 year old female, I would be inclined to order some incarceration”. Unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old • Angela Comer 14 yr old victim; One count of third-degree sodomy and one count of custodial interference; both Comer and the boy went missing, along with Comer's 4-year-old son. They were found two weeks later by Mexican authorities in a hotel in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico; saying the 14-year-old abducted her, held her at gunpoint, and forced her to drive to Mexico. She says the boy also broke a guitar over her head when she attempted to escape; will serve 10 years • Cara Dickey 14 yr old victim; Two counts of second-degree statutory rape, 4 year prison sentence • Rebekah Todd Felony attempted second-degree sexual assault • Rebecca Bogard 15 yr old victim; Exploitation of a child, touching of a child for lustful purposes, and statutory rape. 1 year in prison, 7 yrs probation • Sandra Binkley Statutory rape and sexual abuse by an authority figure claimed she was the victim in the case 12 years. • Janelle Batkins Felony improper relationship between an educator and student; 17 yr old student; Batkins had a 21 year old son; 3 years’ probation and 240 hours of community service • Lindsay Massaro victim less than 16; Second-degree sexual assault, third-degree endangering the welfare of a minor and fourth-degree criminal sexual contact. four-year prison sentence with parole supervision for life • Christine Brown Jouini Four felony counts of unlawful sexual activity • Teresa Engelbach 14 yr old victim; Three counts of statutory rape and one count of statutory sodomy.$5,000 fine and 2 years probation; • Carrie O'Connor One count sexual assault against a student by a school teacher or administrator. • Deanna Bobo 14 year old victim; Two counts of first-degree sexual assault 12 years, eligible for parole after 2 years • Rachel Burkhart No charges, resigned from teaching position • Gwen Cardozo Sexual assault on a child by a person in a position of trust. Got Probation • Katherine J. Harder Felony aggravated endangering of a child suspended 12 month jail sentence • Rhianna Ellis No charges filed • Loni Folks One charge of sexual battery; suspended 12 year sentence • Stephanie Ann Stein 15 yr old victim; Two counts third-degree criminal sexual conduct, sending sexually explicit photographs to a minor, using a computer to send sexually explicit photographs to a minor; 3-15 years • Sheral Smith 14 yr old victim; Statutory rape and transfer of a controlled substance. 7 yrs • Melinda Deluca Two counts of felony forcible sexual abuse 90 days in jail • Kenzi Friday Felony improper relationship between an educator and student No Jail, 5 yrs probation and $2,000. • Kesha D. Manuel 15 yr old victim; Felony carnal knowledge of a juvenile; five years of active probation | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D.M.,& Braithwaite,J. | 2009 | Male and female juvenile sex offenders: Examing recidivism rates as adults | The Journal of Best Knowledge and Practies of Juveile offenders | 3(1), 23-32 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| http://www.pvamu.edu/include/College%20of%20Juvenile%20Justice%20and%20Psychology/Journal%20juvenile%20JusticeWeb2009.pdf N=61 juvenile FSOs and N=122 juvenile MSOs from Texas registry in 2001, followed for average 4.25 years AFTER becoming a legal adult (17th birthday). Only 46& of FSOs were re-arrested for any type of offense during adulthood (during follow up period) and there was no statistical significance between MSOs and FSOs in re-arrest for sexual offenses. 84% of the FSOs had been arrested for aggravated sexual assault or sexual assault, 35% for indecency with child. No statistical difference in victim age. | ||||||||
| Abel, G & Wiegel, M. | 2009 | Visual Reaction Time | Sex Offenders: Identification, Risk Assessment, Treatment, and Legal Issues | 110-113 | Oxford U Press | Saleh, FM, Grudzinskas, A, Bradford, JM & Brodsky DJ | Assessment or treatment related | |
| Discussed Chivers’ work on vaginal photoplethysmograph; can’t use to detect deviant sexual arousal in women due to female indiscriminant arousal patterns. Discussed studies that suggest Visual Reaction time is appropriate for assessment w/ female sex offenders; is a valid measure of their sexual interest. | ||||||||
| Abramson, P. R., & Pinkerton, S. D. | 2001 | A house divided: Suspicions of mother–daughter incest. | New York: Norton | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Abramson,P.R. & Pinkerton,S.D | 2001 | A house divided-Suspicions of mother-daughter incest | New York: Norton | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Ackerman, A.R., Harris, A.J, Levenson J.S., & Zgoba, K. | 2011 | Who are the people in your neighborhood? A descriptive analysis of individuals on public sex offender registries. | International Jornal of law and psychiatry | 34(3) 149-159 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Created a national profile of the registered sex offender population for US, Puerto Rico and Guam. Females make up 2.3% overall, with higher percentages in Louisiana (6.9%), Wyoming (5.1%), Guam (6%), Missouri (3%), Montana (3%), NC (3%), Ohio, (3%), Puerto Rico (3%), Tennessee (3%), WV (4%), Wisconsin (3%). | ||||||||
| Acton, W. M. | 1865 | The Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive Organs in Childhood, Youth, Adult Age, and Advanced Life, considered in their Physiological, Social, and Moral Relations. | The American Journal of the Medical Sciences | 49(98), 468 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| claimed that women weren’t “bothered” by sexual feelings. | ||||||||
| Acton, W.M. | 1865 | The Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive Organs in Childhood, Youth, Adult Age, and Advanced Life considered in their Physiological, Social, and Moral Relations | The American Journal of the Medical Sciences | 49(98) 468 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Claimed that women weren't "bothered" by sexual feelings. | ||||||||
| Adams, E. M. | 1988 | Sex of the Victim, Offender, and Helper: The Effects of Gender Differences on Attributions and Attitudes in Cases of Incest | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Adams, E.M. | 1988 | Sex of the Victim, Offender and Helper: The effects of Gender Differences on Attributions and Attitudes in Case of Incest | Unpublished PhD. Disseration. Columbus, OH. The Ohio State Unversity | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Adams, Kenneth | 1991 | Silently Seduced: When Parents Make their Children Partners – Understanding Covert Incest. | Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Adshead, G. Howett, M & Mason,F. | 1994 | Women who sexually abuse children: The undiscovered county | Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory, and practice | 1(1), 45-56 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Provides stats on female sex offenders in England/Wales and gives literature preview. | ||||||||
| Adshead, G., Howett, M. & Mason, F. | 1994 | Women who sexually abuse children: The undiscovered country. | Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice | 1(1), 45-56 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| provides stats on female sex offenders in England/Wales and gives literature review. | ||||||||
| Agardh, A., Oderg-Pettersson, K., & Ostergren, P.O. | 2011 | Experience of sexual coercion and risky sexual behavior among Ugandan university students | BMC publc health | 11(1), 527 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=980 university students; 29% of males had experienced sexual coercion | ||||||||
| Aizenman, M., & Kelley, G. | 1988 | The Incidence of Violence and Acquaintance Rape in Dating Relationships among College Men and Women. | Journal of College Student Development | 29(4), 305-311 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Aizenman,M.& Kelley,G. | 1988 | The Incidence of Violence and Acquaintance Rape in Dating Relationships among College Men and Women | Journalof Colledge Student Development | 29(4), 305-311 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=400 each male/female undergrads; used questionnaires of their heterosexual relationships experiences and abuse. 7% of males reported experiencing violence. | ||||||||
| Alaggia, R. | 2005 | Disclosing the trauma of child sexual abuse: A gender analysis. | Journal of Loss and Trauma | 10, 453-470 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Includes single case of female perpetrator | ||||||||
| Alaggia, R. | 2010 | An Ecological Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure: Considerations for Child and Adolescent Mental Health | Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | 19(1), 32-39 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Alaggia, R., & Millington, G. | 2008 | Male child sexual abuse: A phenomenology of betrayal | Journal of Clinical Social Work | 36, 265-275 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Alarid, L. F. | 2000 | Sexual Assault and Coercion among Incarcerated Women Prisoners: Excerpts from Prison Letters. | The Prison Journal | 80 (4), 391-406 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| In this study, heterosexual ‘femme’ females were noted as the sexual aggressor and there was apathy among female inmates regarding the sexual coercion and assault. | ||||||||
| Alexander, P. C., Teti, L., & Anderson, C. L. | 2000 | Childhood sexual abuse history and role reversal in parenting | Child Abuse & Neglect | 24(6), 829-838 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Community sample of 90 mothers of 5-8 yr old kids. 19 mothers reported history of childhood sexual victimization. Survivors with ‘unsatisfactory intimate relationships’ were more likely to endorse items suggesting emotional overdependence upon the child. Wasn’t related to child’s gender, parenting stress or kid’s behavior. | ||||||||
| Allen, C. M. | 1990 | Women as perpetrators of child sexual abuse: Recognition barriers. | The Incest Perpetrator: A Family Member No One Wants To Treat | 108-125 | Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. | Horton, A. L., Johnson, A. L., Roundy, B. L., & Williams, L. M. | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Allen, C. M. | 1991 | Women and Men Who Sexually Abuse Children: A Comparative Analysis. | Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Allen, C. M., & Pothast, H. L. | 1994 | Distinguishing Characteristics of Male and Female Child Sex Abusers. | Journal of Offender Rehabilitation | 21(1-2), 73-88 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Allen, H. | 1987 | Justice unbalanced: Gender, psychiatry and judicial decisions. | Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press. | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Allen, H. | 1987 | Rendering them harmless: The professional portrayal of women charged with serious violent crimes. | Gender, crime and justice | 81-94 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Allen, Tina M. | 2003 | Gender-Neutral Statutory Rape Laws: Legal Fictions Disguised as Remedies to Male Child Exploitation Comment | 2002-2003 111-126 | University of Detroit Mercy Law Review | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Allen,Tina M | 2002-03 | Gender-Neutral Statutory Rape Laws: Legal Fictions disguised as Remedies to Male Child Exploitation Comment | University of Detroit Mercy Law Review | 111-126 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Almond, L., McManus, M.A., Giles, S., & Houston, E. | 2015 | Female Sex Offenders. An Analysis of Crime Scene Behaviors. | Journal of interpersonal violence 0886260515603976 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Used crime scene analysis on N=73 FSOs in UK and US, only 16% included male co-offender, 18% offended against a relative. Looked for behaviors that distinguished motivations. Control: 17% cases where perp interacted with victim as a sexual object, used victim to satisfy own sexual gratification, used victim for instrumental gains such as making porn. Hostility: 15% made victim the target of anger and frustration, used greater violence or force than was necessary, caused injuries, penetrated victim with an object rather than body part (male rapists do this to humiliate/demean victim). Involvement: 52% have pseudo-intimate interactions with victim, uses term 'love' grooms victim with gifts and alcohol, requires victim to penetrate her. Note: Non-Involvement cases made up 32% of cases and their theory did not account for 100% of the cases. | ||||||||
| American Association of University Women | 2001 | Hostile Hallways | Washington, D.C.: AAUW Educational Foundation | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Anderson P. B., & Aymani R. | 1993 | Reports of female initiation of sexual contact: Male and female differences. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 22(4), 335-343. | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Women's reports of initiating sexual contact and men's reports of experiencing female initiation were compared. 128 male and 212 female college students were recruited from sexuality classes at three institutions. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between women's reports of initiating sexual contact and men's reports of experiencing female initiation. A chi-square test of significance at the p <0.05 level with an alpha rate adjustment (p <0.002) using the Bonferroni technique was implemented. Of 26 questionnaire items, 15 registered significant differences between male and female reports (p <0.002). Overall, males reported experiencing female initiation more frequently than females reported initiating. Traditional gender roles may influence male and female perceptions of female initiation of sexual contact in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting. | ||||||||
| Anderson, I., & Swainson, V. | 2001 | Perceived motivation for rape: Gender differences in beliefs about female and male rape. | Current Research in Social Psychology | 6(8), 107-122 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Students view rape of both males and females as motivated by sex more than by power. | ||||||||
| Anderson, Irina | 1999 | Characterological and behavioral blame in conversations about female and male rape. | Journal of Language and Social Psychology | 18 (4) 377-394 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Used vignettes to describe a stranger rape of male or female victim, but used only male perps. | ||||||||
| Anderson, Irina, and Alison Quinn | 2009 | Gender differences in medical students' attitudes towards male and female rape victims. | Psychology Health and Medicine | 14, no. 1 (2009): 105-110 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Negative attributions towards male victims | ||||||||
| Anderson, L.M., Lowry, L..S. & Wuensch, K.L. | 2015 | Racial Differences in Adolescents' Answering Questions About Suicide | Death studies | pages 01-05 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Analyzed data from Youth & Risk Behavior Survey 2009 and 2011, N=31,000 teens ages 14-18 yrs regarding suicide attempts within a year of the survey. Only 3.5% of boys without sexual victimization histories attempted suicide but 33.2% of boys with history of sexual victimization attempted suicide within last year. Author felt it was related to stigma, lack of support system. | ||||||||
| Anderson, N., & Ho-Foster, A. | 2008 | 13,915 reasons for equity in sexual offences legislation: A national school-based survey in South Africa. | International Journal for Equity in Health | 7(20), 1-6 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Prior to 2007, forced sex with male children in South Africa did not count as rape but as "indecent assault", a much less serious offence. This study sought to document prevalence of male sexual violence among school-going youth. A facilitated self-administered questionnaire in nine of the 11 official languages in a stratified (province/ metro/ urban/r ural) last stage random national sample. Setting: Teams visited 5162 classes in 1191 schools, in October and November 2002. Participants: A total of 269,705 learners aged 10–19 years in grades 6–11. Of these, 126,696 were male. Main outcome measures: Schoolchildren answered questions about exposure in the last year to insults, beating, unwanted touching and forced sex. They indicated the sex of the perpetrator, and whether this was a family member, a fellow schoolchild, a teacher or another adult. Respondents also gave the age when they first suffered forced sex and when they first had consensual sex. Results: Some 9% (weighted value based on 13915/127097) of male respondents aged 11–19 years reported forced sex in the last year. Of those aged 18 years at the time of the survey, 44% (weighted value of 5385/11450) said they had been forced to have sex in their lives and 50% reported consensual sex. Perpetrators were most frequently an adult not from their own family, followed closely in frequency by other schoolchildren. Some 32% said the perpetrator was male, 41% said she was female and 27% said they had been forced to have sex by both male and female perpetrators. Male abuse of schoolboys was more common in rural areas while female perpetration was more an urban phenomenon. Conclusion: This study uncovers endemic sexual abuse of male children that was suspected but hitherto only poorly documented. Legal recognition of the criminality of rape of male children is a first step. The next steps include serious investment in supporting male victims of abuse, and in prevention of all childhood sexual abuse | ||||||||
| Anderson, P. B. | 1993 | Sexual victimization: It happens to boys, too. | Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal | 57(1), 5, 12. | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Anderson, P. B. | 1996 | Correlates of College Women's Self-Reports of Heterosexual Aggression | Sexual Abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment | 8 (2), 121-131 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=212 students, anonymous questionnaire of sexual behaviors including initiating sexual contact, using sexual coercion (threatening to end a relationship, verbal pressure, or lying), sexual abuse (sex with a minor by an adult at least 5 years older than the minor, by inducing intoxication, or by using a position of power or authority), or physically forced sex (by the threat of physical force, actual physical force, or the use of a weapon). 28.5% of the women reported a history of using some form of coercion. 8.5% of the women admitted threatening to end a relationship if the male didn’t agree to sex, 11.3% used verbal tactics, 10.4% questioned his sexuality, 3.8% threatening to use physical force and 7.1% used physical force. 14.7% reported getting the male partner intoxicated in order to have sex. Past victimization only explained 4.5% of the variance. Only 4.9% of the variance was explained by the adversarial beliefs. | ||||||||
| Anderson, P. B. | 1998 | Variations in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression | Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 10(4), 283-92 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| The purpose of this study was to provide an examination of differences in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression between two samples. One sample of college women was drawn from three colleges in and around New York City (East; N = 212) and one was drawn from a midsized commuter university in Louisiana (South; N = 249). The respondents were questioned about their lifetime initiation of heterosexual activity. Approximately 28.5% of the women from the East reported engaging in sexually initiatory behaviors traditionally defined as sexual coercion, 21.1% in sexual abuse, and 7.1% in physically forced sex. The women in the sample from the South also reported engaging in sexual coercion (25.7%), sexual abuse (7.3%), and physically forced sex (1.6%), but at lower rates than the other sample. “college women are behaving in some ways that are not stereotypic of their gender role expectations, are sexually aggressive toward men in some instances, and may pose a risk for being involved in sexually aggressive episodes”. | ||||||||
| Anderson, P. B. | 1998 | Women’s motives for sexual initiation and aggression | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversie | 79-93 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Anderson, P. B., & Newton, M. | 1997 | The initiating heterosexual contact scale: A factor analysis | Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 9 (3) 179-186 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=212 college women, used survey of self-reported initiated of sexual contact with men. Found 6 factors on measure which accounted for 59.8% of variance: Sexual Arousal, Hidden Motives (jealousy, to end a relationship with another man), Verbal Pressure (threaten to end relationship), Retaliation or Gain (sex with someone in position of authority over you), Physical Force, and Exploitation (to gain power over him, while he was intoxicated). | ||||||||
| Anderson, P. B., & Newton, M. | 2004 | Predicting the use of sexual initiation tactics in a sample of college women.http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/uspace/id/789 | Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality | 7 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Anderson, P. B., & Savage, J. S. | 2005 | Social, Legal, and Institutional Context of Heterosexual Aggression by College Women. | Trauma, Violence, & Abuse | 6(2), 130-140 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| women engage in the full range of sexually aggressive behaviors attributed to men; the language of many legal codes place women’s heterosexually aggressive behaviors below the threshold for rape even when it involves physical force or the use of a weapon; many men, similar to many women, do not report receiving sexual aggression and may not define themselves as victims; regardless of reporting status or self-perception, some men do suffer physical and psychological symptoms as a result of receiving sexual aggression from women; and women’s heterosexual aggression may be more socially acceptable than men’s. | ||||||||
| Anderson, P. B., & Sorenson, W. | 1999 | Male and female differences in reports of women’s heterosexual initiation and aggression. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 28(3), 285-295 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Previous work that compared male and female reports of women’s heterosexual initiation and aggression is replicated. It was hypothesized that men’s reports of women’s sexual initiation and aggression would be significantly greater than women’s self-report of sexual initiation and aggression in the most recent sample. N=82 males Of the 24 questionnaire items, 12 of the 17 specifically designed to assess sexual initiation or aggression demonstrated significant reporting differences. For every questionnaire item, except “mutually consenting contact,” men reported women initiating sexual contact more often than women self-reported. In addition, comparisons were made to determine the level of agreement between the results of this study and a previous study in which the same comparisons were made with a different sample. It was hypothesized that the identical questionnaire items would demonstrate significant gender-based reporting differences in both samples. This hypothesis was mostly supported with 11 items showing a significant difference in both samples. In both samples, males reported receiving female initiation and aggression more frequently than females reported giving. Logistic regression results supported a difference in perception of women’s sexual initiation based on gender of respondent. In both samples men see women’s initiation as less conforming to traditional social norms for women and more aggressive than women do. Gender role expectations and social desirability may influence male and female perceptions of female heterosexual initiation and aggression in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting. For those 13 items that relate specifically to sexually aggressive behaviors, men reported significantly more aggression by women than women self-reported on 9 items (New Orleans.) and 11 items (N.Y.), respectively. 36% of the males reported experiencing sexual aggression by women when he was a minor, 58% when he was drunk. 3.7% of the women admitted to attempting to have sex with a minor who was 5+ years younger than herself. | ||||||||
| Anderson, P. B., Kontos, A. P., Tanigoshi, H., & Struckman?Johnson, C. | 2005 | An examination of sexual strategies used by urban southern and rural Midwestern university women. | Journal of sex research | (2005)., 42(4), 335-341. | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| 135 women reported using non-physical coercion strategies, 174 reported using persuasion strategies, 23 reported using physical force strategies. The physical forced set reported earlier age of first intercourse than other groups, reported making more total telephone calls per week to males during adolescence (and to more separate boys rather than just same boy over and over). Clements-Schreiber, Rempel, and Desmarais (1998) attributed women's likely use of both overt (e.g., undress him, touch him, kiss him) and covert (e.g., get him drunk, make him jealous) pressure tactics to obtain sex from a reluctant man to beliefs in the stereotype of a male dependent sex drive for married women and to the belief that women's sex drive is at least as strong as a man's for single women. The authors concluded that the acceptance of sexual stereotypes differentially effected married women and single women in their likely use of pressure tactics. Struckman-Johnson (1988), reported that sixteen percent of male participants admitted being forced into unwanted heterosexual activity by a partner, but only 2% of female respondents reported forcing males into sexual activity in their lifetime. In a follow-up survey, the majority of males who had experienced forced sex (52% of 124), reported being forced into unwanted sex based upon psychological strategies (e.g., lying, guilty for not wanting to engage in sex, and blackmail). Furthermore, 25% of 124 males reported experiencing a combination of physical force and psychological tactics. The authors suggested that males and females both express behaviors that are sexually exploitative and range from verbal pressure to use of physical restraint and force. Anderson and Aymani (1993) stated that males reported being recipients of female aggression more than females admitted to being aggressors. The largest difference between male and female reports (41.1%) was recorded on a question measuring female adults' initiation of sex with male minors. The next largest difference was observed on the question asking each gender their account of a woman initiating sex with a man when his judgment was impaired by alcohol or drugs (30.2%). Discrepancies were concluded to be the result of sexual socialization of women and sexual stereotypes of men. Women were believed to have answered the survey partially focusing on socially desirable responses and partially on the myth that men will never turn down a sexual opportunity. In a follow-up study, Anderson and Sorensen (1999) concluded that men reported significantly more events of adult women initiating sexual contact with them while they were minors (OR=10.9), by getting them drunk or high (OR=3.7), and by threatening to end their relationship (OR=6.3) than women reported. All questions, except the one assessing mutually consenting sexual activity, showed some difference in the expected direction (i.e., men reported that women were more likely to initiate or be aggressive than women self-reported). The authors concluded that women may interpret their sexual aggression as more normal than do men. In addition to gender difference, discrepancies have also been highlighted in reports of sexual aggression between groups of women themselves. Women from different regions have been documented to report different rates in the use of sexual coercion, abuse, and physical force. Anderson (1998) reported that women from the South reported less overall aggression (34.1% vs. 46.2%), sexual abuse (7.3% vs. 21.1%), and physically forced sex (1.6% vs. 7.1%) but not less sexual coercion (all differences were significant at p < .001). Regional differences were interpreted as variations in global dating messages and gender scripts for each area. Despite the similarity of the samples, other factors (i.e. ethnicity, religion, peer group) in addition to region were discussed as being contributing factors. | ||||||||
| Anderson, P.B., & Melson, D.T. | 2002 | From deviance to normalcy Women as sexual aggressors | Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality | 5 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| reviewed some of the early literature on female sexual coercion towards adult males | ||||||||
| Anderson, P.B.; Sergey Lebedev; Radik M. Masagutov; Jennifer Fagen | 2009 | The impact of ethnicity, and economic, social, and marital status on differences in the frequency of sexually aggressive behaviors among women living in Ufa, Russian Federation. | Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality | Volume 12, Feb. 3, 2009 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| The present study is the first report of women’s sexual aggression gathered from a sample of women in Ufa, Russian Federation. The research question was: do women of different ethnicities, living in the Russian Federation, who are of different economic, social, and marital status, differ in their frequency of sexually aggressive behaviors. One hundred and twenty one primarily single (69.4%), heterosexual (88.4%), middle class (73.6%) women with a mean age of 23.1 (SD = 8.3) completed the questionnaire. Differences is sexually aggressive behaviors were found between women who were married vs. single, middle vs. upper class, Russian vs. Ukrainian, and clerks vs. students. The results provide new evidence of women’s sexual aggression outside of the United States and Western Europe. Support was found for previous reports about women’s sexual aggression and new possibilities for theory building are presented. It has been argued that the most commonly studied variables used to explain women’s heterosexual aggression (e.g., past sexual abuse, stereotypical beliefs about sexuality) are not sufficient to explain the majority of the variance in this behavior and that other behavioral, cultural, and contextual variables need more scrutiny ( Anderson, Kontos, Tanigoshi, & Struckman-Johnson, 2005; Anderson & Savage, 2005) | ||||||||
| Anderson,P.B., Sergey Lebedey, Radik, M. Masagutoy, Jennifer Eagen | 2008 | The impact of ethnicity and economic, social, and marital status on differences in the frequency of sexually aggressive behaviors among women liing in Ufa, Russian Federation. | Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality | Volume 12 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Andersson, Neil, and Ari Ho-Foster. | 2008 | 13,915 reasons for equity in sexual offences legislation: A national school-based survey in South Africa. | International Journal for Equity in Health | 7, no. 1 (2008): 20. 2008 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Of 126,696 male students ages 10-19 in South Africa 55% reported being forced into sex at least once, with 41% of the perps female and another 27% having been forced by both male/female, 9% of male students reported forced sex w/o consent in the last year, 14% of 10 yr olds & 44% of the 18 yr olds ‘ever’ had been forced to have sex. 41% reported victimization by a female perpetrator and 26% reported victimization by both a female and a male perpetrator. Sexual abuse by females was associated with urban residency. | ||||||||
| Andersson, Neil, Sergio Paredes-Solís, Deborah Milne, Khalid Omer, Nobantu Marokoane, Ditiro Laetsang, and Anne Cockcroft. | 2012 | Prevalence and risk factors for forced or coerced sex among school-going youth: national cross-sectional studies in 10 southern African countries in 2003 and 2007. | BMJ | open 2, no. 2 (2012). | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| In 2007, 21.1% of male students aged 11–16 years reported they had experienced forced or coerced sex. Rates among 16-year-olds 25.4% in males. 11.7% of male students reported they had perpetrated forced sex. Experience of forced sex was strongly associated with perpetration and other risk factors for perpetration were similar to those for victimization. More boys than girls were sexually victimized from ages 11-14, relatively equal between sexes 14 & 15 yrs. | ||||||||
| Angelica, J. C. | 2002 | We are not alone: A guidebook for helping professionals and parents supporting adolescent victims of sexual abuse | Routledge | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Has a single mention of the existence of female perps. | ||||||||
| Angelides, S | 2008 | Sexual Offences Against 'Children' and the question of judicial gender bias | Australian Feminist Studies | 23(57), 359-373 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Reviews Karen Ellis case | ||||||||
| Apfelberg, B., Sugar, C., & Pfeffer, A. Z. | 1944 | A psychiatric study of 250 sex offenders. | American Journal of Psychiatry | 100, 762-770. | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Araji, S. | 1997 | Sexually Aggressive Children: Coming to Understand Them. | Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Ashbaughm, Lauren P. & Dewey G. Cornell | 2008 | Sexual Harassment and Bullying Behaviors in Sixth-Graders | 7 (2) 2008 | Journal of School Violence | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Sexual harassment is widely viewed as a form of bullying, but has received little attention in studies of middle school students. A survey of 109 6th grade students found that 29% of students reported at least one sexual harassment experience in the past 30 days, with 11% reporting harassment once per week or more. Although boys and girls reported similar rates of harassment, there were important gender differences-boys were more likely than girls to try to ignore sexual harassment, but girls were more likely to tell someone about their experience and to tell the perpetrator to stop. There was high concordance between sexual harassment and bullying for both boys and girls. These findings indicate the need to recognize the role of sexual harassment in bullying in middle school. | ||||||||
| Aspelmeier, Jeffery E.; Ann N. Elliott & Christopher H. Smith | 2007 | Childhood sexual abuse, attachment, and trauma symptoms in college females: The moderating role of attachment | Child Abuse & Neglect | 31 (5) 2007, 549–566 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Atkinson, J. | 1995 | The Assessment of Female Sex Offenders | Kingston, ON: Correctional Service of Canada | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Atkinson, J. L. | 1996 | Female sex offenders: A literature review. | Forum on Corrections Research | 8(2), 39-42 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Atkinson, Tracey L | 2010 | Seminar paper presented to the Graduate Faculty | UW Platteville | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Austin, James ; Tony Fabelo ; Angela Gunter ; Ken McGinnis | 2006 | Sexual Violence in the Texas Prison System | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| For females, victims and assailants in sex assault allegations are more likely to have violent criminal histories. About 1.34 sexual assaults per 100 inmates in female prison. | ||||||||
| Avegno, Jennifer, Trevor J. Mills, and Lisa D. Mills. | 2009 | Sexual assault victims in the emergency department: analysis by demographic and event characteristics. | The Journal of Emergency Medicine | 37, no. 3 (2009): 328-334 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 1172 pts, 6% were male | ||||||||
| Averdijk, Margit, Katrin Müller-Johnson & Manuel Eisner | 40848 | Sexual victimization of children and adolescents in Switzerland | Final report for the UBS Optimus Foundation | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| victims and & 40% of male non-contact victims were offended against in their homes. none of the male victims, reported contact victimization perpetrated by a stepfather, foster father, adoptive father or partner of the victim’s mother. Does not appear to have asked about boys living with stepmothers. More males reported contact sexual victimization by stepmother than by mother, father or stepfather and more non-contact victimization by sister and mother than by stepmother. 2.7% of the non-contact sexual victimization to both males/females was done by the mother. (Non-contact = exposure to child, pornography to child, sexually harassing talk, nude photos of self) | ||||||||
| Aylward, M. Christopher, R. & Newell, G. | 2002 | What about Women Who Commit Sex Offences? | Notes from ATSA conference. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Bachmann, K. M., & Bossi, J. | 1993 | Mother-son incest as a defense against psychosis. | British journal of medical psychology | 66(3), 239-248 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Bachmann, K. M., Moggi, F., & Stirnemann-Lewis, F | 1994 | Mother-son incest and its long-term consequences: A neglected phenomenon in psychiatric practice | Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, | 182, 723-725. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Back, Sudie, and Hilary M. Lips. | 1998 | Child sexual abuse: Victim age, victim gender, and observer gender as factors contributing to attributions of responsibility. | Child Abuse & Neglect | 22, no. 12 (1998): 1239-1252 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Attribution bias, men in study showed more negative causal attribution biases towards children age 6 and pre-teens age 15. | ||||||||
| Bader, S. M., Scalora, M. J., Casady, T. K., & Black, S. | 2008 | Female sexual abuse and criminal justice intervention: A comparison of child protective service and criminal justice samples | Child Abuse & Neglect, | 32(1), 111-119 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Compared female sex offenders cases either reported to CPS vs CJS using a Midwestern state's child abuse registry, law enforcement records, and sex offender registry. The CPS sample consisted of 179 women, and the criminal justice system sample consisted of 57 women. All cases were reported to the agencies between 1994 and 2004. Average victim age was 10, ranging from 1-18 yrs. The majority (74.9%) of the CPS case victims were under age 12, were mostly female (63.7%) and most were relatives of the female offender (97.8%). The majority (73.8%) of the CJS case victims were over 13 years old, were mostly male (62.7%) and were not related to the female perp (63.3%). | ||||||||
| Bader, S. M., Welsh, R., & Scalora, M. J. | 2010 | Recidivism Among Female Child Molesters. | Violence and Victims | 25(3), 349-362 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Notes that forensic interviews with child victims and criminal codes are often based on behaviors of male sexual offenders and may miss behaviors by female sexual offenders including forced nudity or de-robing, bathing in front of child or bathing older child, etc. N=57 Nebraska female SOs, looked at their recidivism via legal charges and via child welfare reports. Follow up period was 1-13 years, average 5 years. 66.7% of the women were either single, divorced or widowed. 63.2% had previous non-sexual criminal charges and 17.5% had previously been reported to state Child Protective Services for abuse/neglect of child. Victim ages ranged from 5-18, average of 12.8 yrs. 5.9% of the women abused both boys/girls, 29.4% abused just girls and 64.7% abused just boys. 62% abused non-relatives, 12.3% used physical force to gain compliance, 17.5% used drugs/alcohol as part of grooming. 24.6% had a male co-perp. Recidivism: Per criminal justice records, 10 women (17.5%) were later charged with sex crime and half of those had another subsequent sex crime, By adding info obtained from CPS and police encounters, another 6 women (11% of the original 57) were found to be engaging in problematic sexual behavior with minors that was suspicious enough to come to the attention of CPS. Adding them together, they found 16 women (28.1%) had subsequent charges or at least contact with law enforcement/CPS due to their sexualized behaviors with minors. There were no difference between recidivists and non-recidivists in terms of age, number of previous violence arrests, age of 1st victim, gender of 1st victim, perp-victim relationship, presence of co-offender or use of force. But the recidivists had more property crimes in their history. While 2.4% of the non-recidivists had incest offenses as part of their index charges and none of the criminal recidivists had incest offenses, 16.7% of the CPS recidivists had incest offenses as their index charges. Although this wasn’t statistically significant, it is clinically relevant. | ||||||||
| Baier, J. L., Rosenzweig, M. G., & Whipple, E. G. | 1991 | Patterns of Sexual Behavior, Coercion, and Victimization of University Students. | Journal of College Student Development | 32(4), 310-322. | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Questionnaire data from 340 male and 362 female university students concerning their sexual behavior and coercive sexual experiences and victimization rates were analyzed by gender (GE), class level, and sexual orientation (SO). More than 80% of the Ss reported being sexually active, and many indicated multiple partners. Victimization rates were related to GE and SO: one-eighth of the men, one-fourth of the women, and more than one-third of gay/bisexual Ss indicated that they had engaged in sexual intercourse when they did not want to because they felt coerced to do so. More than half of all acts of sexual coercion and victimization reported by Ss occurred to them before they had entered college | ||||||||
| Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Beauchaine, T. P. | 2005 | Victimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings | Journal of consulting and clinical psychology | 73(3), 477 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Balsam, K.F., Rothblum, E.D | 2005 | Vitimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and hteteroseual siblings. | Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | 73(3), 477 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=557 lesbians/gays, 163 bisexuals, 525 bisexuals, 525 heterosexuals (mostly siblins of the non-hetero Ss). 39.8 of lesbians reported being coerced into non-intercourse sexual contacts. 9.3% of hetero males reported being coerced into intercourse. More hetero males reported childhood sexual ause by females than did gay males. Of heterosexual males who reported hildhood sexual abuse 47.8% reported abuse by a FSO, as did 60% of the bisexual males and 18.8% of the homosexual males who reported childhood sexual abuse. 23.51% of lesians who reported being raped in adulthood indicated that their perp was female, as did 14% of the bisexual women. | ||||||||
| Bang, B., Baker, P. L., Carpinteri, A., & Van Hasselt, V. B. | 2014 | Child Trafficking | In Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children | 16-Nov | Springer International Publishing | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Notes existence of female sexual offenders against children. | ||||||||
| Banning, A. | 1989 | Mother-son incest: Confronting a prejudice | Child Abuse & Neglect | 13, 563-570 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Banyard VL, Ward, S; Cohn ES; Plante EG; Moorhead C & Walsh W | 2007 | Unwanted Sexual contact on campus: a comparison of women’s and men’s experiences. | Violence and Victims | 22 52-70 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| current study surveyed 651 male and female undergraduate students about unwanted sexual experiences during 1 academic year. Comparison of men and women revealed expected differences in incidence rates, with women reporting higher rates of unwanted contact. Within the subsample of reported victims, however, there was gender similarity in terms of the context of unwanted sexual experiences. Analyses also revealed the negative consequences of these experiences for both men and women and low rates of disclosure regardless of gender. Across the full sample of students surveyed, there were interesting gender differences in knowledge of campus support services, with women more likely to have attended a prevention program and to have indicated greater knowledge of rape crisis services | ||||||||
| Barbara Krahe, Anja Berger, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Gabriel Bianchi, Joannes Chliaoutkis, Andres A. Fernandez-Fuertes, Antionio Fuertes, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Eleni Hadjigeorgiou, Birgitt Haller, Sabine Hellemans, Zbigniew Izdebski, Christiana Koutu, Dwayne Meijinckens, Liubove Murauskiene, Maria Papadakak, Lucia Ramiro , Marta Reis, Katrien Symons, Paulina Tomaszewska, Isabel Vicario-Molina & Andrej Zygadlo | 2015 | Prevalence and correlates of young people's sexual aggression perpetration and victimisation in 10 Europen countries: a multi-level analysys | Culture Health & Seuxality: An Inte | 17 (6), 682-699 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=3460 young adults (18-27), in 10 European countries. (Austria, Belgium,Cyprus,Greece,Lithunia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain) Between 10.1 and 55.8% of male respondents reported having experienced at least one incident of sexual victimization since the age of consent. In two countires, victimization rates were significantly higher for men then for women. Between 2.6 and 14.8% of female participants reported having engaged in at least one act of sexual perpetration. Lower gender equality in political power and higher sexual assertiveness in women relative to men were linked to higher male victimization rates. | ||||||||
| Barnett. S., Corder, F., & Jehu, D. | 1990 | Group treatment for women sex offenders against children. | Groupwork | 3(2), 191-203 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Baron, R. S., Burgess, M. L., & Kao, C. F. | 1991 | Detecting and labeling prejudice: Do female perpetrators go undetected? | Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | 17 (2), 115-123 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Had 196 college students read 12 vignettes describing sexist actions against women, altering whether it was done by another woman or a man. Both male and female students were more likely to rate a vignette as sexist if the actor was male. | ||||||||
| Barry Jr, M. J., & Johnson, A. M. | 1958 | The incest barrier | Psychoanalytic quarterly | 27(4), 485-500 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mentions mother-son incest. | ||||||||
| Bartels, R. M., & Gannon, T. A. | 2011 | Understanding the sexual fantasies of sex offenders and their correlates | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 16(6), 551-561 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Basile, K. C., Chen, J., Black, M. C., & Saltzman, L. E. | 2007 | Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence victimization among U.S. adults, 2001-2003. | Violence and Victims | 22(4), 437-448 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Bauminster, R. F., & Twenge, J. M. | 2002 | Cultural Suppression of female sexuality. | Review of General Psychology | 6(2), 166-203 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Bauserman, R., & Rind, B. | 1997 | Psychological correlates of male child and adolescent sexual experiences with adults: A review of the nonclinical literature. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 26(2), 105-141 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| (See Rind et al) | ||||||||
| Bear, E. | 1993 | Inpatient Treatment for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse: A Summary of Data From 22 Programs. | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Beatrice, J | 1998 | Sexual overstimulation as a cause of unstable gender identity in men: A case report. | Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association | 46(3), 753-776 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mother would stimulate his rectum, place items in his rectum while he slept & claimed it was to prevent him from defecating in his sleep. | ||||||||
| Bebbington,P., Cooper,C, Minot,S, Brugha, T., R. Meltzer & Dennis,M | 2009 | Suicide attempts, gender, and sexual abuse: data from the 2000 British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey | American Journal of Psychiatry | 166(10) -1135-1140 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=8,580 British participants age 16-74 in 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity, a randomized cross-sectional survey. The population attributable risk fraction for male respondents was 7%. In theory, the population attributable risk fraction indicates how much the suicide attempt rate would be reduced if no sexual abuse occurred in the population. As such, it is dependent on both the prevalence of the exposure to sexual abuse in the population and the strength of the association of sexual abuse with suicide attempts. The frequency of reporting suicide attempts during the last year was equal for males and females. 1.6% of the males reported a history of sexual abuse | ||||||||
| Beck, A., Harrison, P., and Guerion, P. | 2009 | Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth. | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| Beck,A.J., & Johnson, C. | 2012 | Sexual victimization reported by former state prisoners. 2008 US Department of Justice. Office of Justic Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Rate of inmate-on-inmate victimization was 3x higher for females (13.7%) than for males (4.2%). 79% of the males reporting sexual victimization by staff reported that the staff member was female and 1.3% of female inmates reporting sexual victimization by staff reported that the staff member was female. | ||||||||
| Becker, J. V. | 1998 | What we know about the characteristics and treatment of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses. | Child Maltreatment | 3(4), 317-29 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Languages the male/female offenders differently. Has section entitled Characteristics of Male Adolescent Sexual Offenders and section entitled Characteristics of Adolescent Females, leaving off the description of them as sexual offenders. | ||||||||
| Becker, J. V., & Hunter, J. A. | 1997 | Understanding and treating child and adolescent sexual offenders. | Advances in Clinical Child Psychology | 19, 177-197 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Has 1 page on adolescent female sexual offenders | ||||||||
| Becker, J. V., Hall, S., & Stinson, J. D. | 2002 | Female sexual offenders: Clinical, legal, and policy issues | Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice | 1(3), 31-53 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Beckett, R. C., & Fisher, D. | 1994, November | Assessing victim empathy: A new measure. | 13th annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Francisco. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Compared 80 British F.S.O.s with 80 British M.S.O.s. Found they had equally poor victim empathy and high offense-supportive distorted beliefs. The solo F.S.O.s had more deficits in these areas than the F.S.O.s who co-offended. | ||||||||
| Beech, A. R., Parrett, N., Ward, T., & Fisher, D | 2009 | Assessing female sexual offenders’ motivations and cognitions: an exploratory study | Psychology, Crime & Law | 15, 201-216 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| N= 15 British incarcerated female sexual offenders, found they had Uncontrollability, Dangerous Males (rather than dangerous world) and Children as Sexual Being schemas. | ||||||||
| Behrendt, N., Buhl, N., & Seidl, S. | 2002 | The lethal paraphiliac syndrome: Accidental autoerotic deaths in four women and a review of the literature. | International Journal of Legal Medicine | 116(3), 1437-1596 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Beier, K. M. | 2000 | Female analogies to perversion. | Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy | 26(1), 79-93. | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Beisert, Maria | 2013 | Agresja czy przemoc seksualna. (Womens Sexual Aggression) | 2/2013 • 95-115 | NAUKA | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Belanger, S. | 2008 | Characteristics and reactions of sexual victimization of adolescent male sexual abusers by female perpetrators. | Unpublished thesis | Smith College School of Social Work | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Bell, K. | 1999 | Female offenders of sexual assault. | Journal of Emergency Nursing | 25(3), 241-243. | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Belshaw, S. H. | 2010 | Book Review of Gibson & Vandiver’s Juvenile Sex Offender | Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice | 8, 86-88. | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Bender,L. Blau, A. | 1937 | Physical and sexual violence exp | Violence Against Women | 6(1), 68-79 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=136 lesbians, in a convenience sample, responded to anonymous questionnaire; 24% reported sexual victimization by an intimate partner, another 27% reported same by a date. | ||||||||
| Benson, H. | 2006 | Female sex offenders and neutralization theory. | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. | Southern Connecticut State University. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Berdahl, J. L., Magley, V. J., & Waldo, C. R. | 1996 | The sexual harassment of men?. | Psychology of Women Quarterly, | 20(4), 527-547 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Berendzen, R., & Palmer, L. | 1993 | Come here: A man overcomes the tragic aftermath of childhood sexual abuse. | Villard Books | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Autobiographical account by an American university president who was sexually abused by his mother from ages 8-11 yrs | ||||||||
| Berman,A | 2014 | The Impact of Female-Perpetrted Sexual Abuse on Male Youths Who subsequently Sexually Offend | Doctoral dissertation, Brandeis University | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| N=176 male juveniles who were victims of incest as youths and later committed sexual offenses. The male victims of female offenders reported the same levels of emotional dysregulation, callousness and sexual preoccupation as did those victimized by males. Notes that the societal discourse (and that of many mental health professionals) constructs female sexual offenders as inherently insane, engaging in behaviors due to damage from their own victimization or due to male coercion and that the sexual abuse is harmless. This removes sexual offending from the “spectrum of femininity” and lets us pretend that women are inherently ‘safe”. This discourse of denial negatively effects how the FSOs view themselves (not really doing anything wrong), allows medical and social welfare professionals to overlook indications of child sexual abuse by women, prevents funding of education or treatment resources for victims and perpetrators, invalidates the victims and disallows any prevention education since children are never told to be wary of women. | ||||||||
| Bernard, P. | 1886 | Des Attentats à la pudeur sur les Petites Filles. | Paris: Octave Doin | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| Bierie,D.M., & Davis-Siegel, J.C. | 2014 | Measurement matters: Comparing old and new definitions of rape in federal statistical reporting | Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment. 1079063214521470 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| FBI and Uniform Crime Reports changed the definition of rape in 2012. Used to be "the carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will" and defined carnal knowledge as "the slightest penetration of the sexual organ of a female (vagina) by the sexual organ of the male (penis)". The old definition precluded any sexual assault of males, any sexual assault by females, any sexual assault of mouth or anus, or using something other than a penis. The new definition is "the penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus, with any body-part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim". (NOTE: This study used the National Incident-Based Reporting System to compare the rape reporting before and after the change. In 2012, there were185,578 reported rapes that would have been missed using the old definition. These cases included male victims, younger victims, family victims (non-forcible incest). 5% of the increase was due to the inclusion of male victims of female and/or male offenders. | ||||||||
| Black, K. A., & Gold, D. J. | 2003 | Men's and women's reactions to hypothetical sexual advances: The role of initiator socioeconomic status and level of coercion. | Sex Roles | 49(3-4), 173-178 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Black, MC., Basile,K.C., Breiding, MJ, Smith S.G., Walters, M.L, Merrick, M.T., Chen,J. & Stevens, M.R. | 2011 | The National Intimate Parnter and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report | Atlanta, GA: National enter for Inquiry Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Rate of sexual coercion against males by females was 38.6%. 22% of men experienced other forms of sexual victimization perpetrated by females, including being made to penetrate, coerced sexual intercourse, and unwanted sexual contact | ||||||||
| Blanchette, K, & Taylor, K.N | 2010 | A review of treatment initiatives for female sexual offenders | Female Sexual Offenders: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment | 119-141 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Blosnich John R & Robert M. Bossarte | 2009 | Comparisons of Intimate Partner Violence Among Partners in Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Relationships in the United States | American Journal of Public Health | 2009 99 (12) 2182-2184 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Used 2005-2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system data to examine IPV. 89% of the female respondents reported physical victimization by females, 51% reported sexual victimization by females; 97% of the males reported physical victimization by females, 12% reported sexual victimization by females. The eval asked questions regarding being groped, fondled, watched, photographed, oral/anal/vaginal intercourse, attempted, | ||||||||
| Blues, A., Moffatt, C., & Telford, P. | 1999 | Work with adolescent females who sexually abuse: Similarities and differences. | Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses | ‘168-182 | London: Routledge | M. Erooga & H. C. Masson | Child/adolescent perp | |
| Boije, Gerthy | 2013 | Mjuk, omsorgsfull och sexualförbrytare:-En studie om kvinnor dömda för sexualbrott."(Soft, caring and sex offenders-A study of women offenders) | Dissertation | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Bolton, F. G., Morris, L. A., & MacEachron, A. E. | 1989 | Males at Risk: The Other Side of Sexual Abuse | Newbury Park, CA: Sage | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Bonthuys, Elsje | 2008 | Putting Gender into the Definition of Rape or Taking it Out? | Feminist Legal Studies | 2008 16 (2) 249-260 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| The main issue in the Masiya judgment was whether the current South African definition of rape—namely non-consensual penetration of a vagina by a penis—should be extended to include anal penetration of both female and male victims. The majority of the Constitutional Court held that anal penetration of female victims should constitute rape, but declined to offer similar protection to male victims. This note argues that this judgment reverts to and reinforces patriarchal stereotypes and dichotomies and that it misunderstands, in a profound way, central concepts such as sex and gender and the gendered nature of rape. | ||||||||
| Bordon, T. A., & LaTerz, J. D. | 1993 | Mother/daughter incest and ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos. | Treating Abuse Today | 3(4), 5-8. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Bornstein,B.H., Kaplan, D.L. & Perry, A.R. | 2007 | Child abuse in the eyes of the beholder. Lay perceptions of child seual and physial abuse | Child abuse & neglect | 31(4) 375-391 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=199, read 24 vignettes of abuse of child by adult, with victim's gender, perp's gender, relationship (parent/babysitter) and type of abuse (physical/sexual) altered. Subjects rated trauma, victim believability, etc. Sexual abuse by a babysitter was seen as less traumatic than that by a parent. Sexual abuse was seen as less traumatic if it was by a female perp and a male victim, was seen as more severe if perpetrated by a male. The abuse was seen as less likely to re-occur if it was done by a female perp. Victims of female perps were judged as less 'believable' than victims of male perps. | ||||||||
| Boroughs, D. S. | 2004 | Female sexual abusers of children. | Journal of Children and Youth Services Review | 26(5), 481-487 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Bouffard, J.A. Bouffard, L.A. | 2015 | Examining the Correlates of Women's Use of Sexual Coercion Proposing an Explanatory Model | Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260515575609 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| N=582 college undergrad females; the predictors of sexual aggression for males were also predictive of women's sexual aggression. | ||||||||
| Bourke,A., Doherty, S., McBride,O., Morgan,K., McGee,H. | 2013 | Female Perpetrators of child sexual abuse: characteristics of the offender and victim. | Psychology, Crime & Law | pages 01-12 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Looked at prevalence rate of sexual abuse of children by women in Ireland using nationally representative survey (N=3,120). 6% of all victims of child sexual abuse in this sample were victimized by a solo female perp (about 1.5% of Irish adult population). Female perps in this study were younger than the male perps, focused more on male victims and victims age 9-17 years, were more likely to know their victims and have been in a position of authority | ||||||||
| Brayford, Jo. | 2012 | Female sexual offending: An impermissible crime | Crime Prevention & Community Safety | 14, no. 3 (2012): 212-224. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This article explores female child sex offending and reveals a void in the theory and policy arena. It highlights the need for further thinking about violence committed by women in the private domain. The implicit denial of women's potential for sexual aggression within criminology and community safety may ultimately contribute to the under-recognition of the problem in academic, policy and practice and official sources. | ||||||||
| Brayford, Jo.,, Cowe.F. & Deering, J. | 2012 | Sex Offenders: Punish, Help, Change or Control? | Theory, Polic and Practice Explored | Routledge | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Has chapter on female sexual offenders | ||||||||
| Breiding, MJ, Smith, SG. Basile, KC, Walters, ML Chen,J & Merrick, MT | 2011 | Center for Disease Control Prevalence and Characteristis of Sexual Violence, Stalking and Intimate Partner iolence Victimization | Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | 2014;63 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Has data collected in 2011 on domestic & sexual violence in USA. Although the CDC defines sexual violence as a sexual act perpetrated against someone's will, and fines a sexual act the penetration of a vagina/anus by a penis/object/finger, they still seem to be ignoring events where a male is forcibly made to penetrate a vagina, which clearly meets their definition. Comparing the 2010 data (4.8%) to the 2011 data (6.7%) for the last 12 months, there has been an increase in males reporting rape/being forced to penetrate. Comparing lifetime findings, reports by Male victims of female perps rose from 6.7% in 2010 to 20.7% in 2011, while male victims of male perps went down from 93.3% to 79.3%. Men reporting being forced to penetrate a female rose from 79.2% to 82.6%. | ||||||||
| Briere J. & Elliott D.M. | 2003 | Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. csa cpa.pdf | Child Abuse & Neglect | 27, 1205-1222 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Briere, J., Evans, D., Runtz, M., & Wall, T. | 1988 | Symptomatology in men who were molested as children: A comparison study | American Journal of Orthopsychiatry | 58(3), 457-461 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Briggs, F., & Hawkins, R. M. | 1996 | A comparison of the childhood experiences of convicted male child molesters and men who were sexually abused in childhood and claimed to be non-offenders. | Child abuse & neglect | 20(3), 221-233 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Compared 84 incarcerated child molesters and 95 non-offender comparison subjects were interviewed. All of the non-offenders and 93% of the child molesters had been sexually abused in childhood. The prisoners were more socially disadvantaged as children and had received more verbal and physical abuse. The prisoners were more accepting of their abuse in the sense of not understanding or accepting that it was aberrant behavior but rather thinking that it was a commonplace, inevitable, and consequently a normal part of childhood. Liking some aspect of the initial abuse also differentiated prisoners from the non-offenders. Prisoners were abused by a larger number of people than were non-offenders. Prisoners did not use the fact of their own abuse as an excuse for their own offenses. Abuse by a female was more common in the prisoner group. The men who were least damaged by abuse were those abused by strangers in “one-off” offenses, which they recognized as wrong and from which they escaped without accepting responsibility for the adults behavior | ||||||||
| Brinton, C. | 2000 | A Comparison of Sexual Arousal Patterns of Female Sex Offenders and Non-offenders. | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Broadhurst,R, & Loh, N. | 2003 | The probabilities of sex offender re-arrest | Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health | 13(2), 121-139 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . N=43 FSO, with 0 re-arrests for sexual offenses, 4 had re-arrest for violent offences within follow up time period (average 5.7 years). Offenses included sex crimes against children and adolescents, including 5 cases of aggravated sexual assault and one of sodomy. | ||||||||
| Brodie, F. | 1992 | When the Other Woman Is His Mother: Book One/Boys As Incest Victims and Male Multiple Personality Disorder/for Partners and Professionals. | Tacoma, WA: Winged Eagle Press. | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Broussard, S. D., & Wagner, W. G. | 1988 | Child sexual abuse: Who is to blame? | Child Abuse & Neglect | 12(4), 563-569 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used a vignette of child sexual abuse of a 15 yr old N-360 college students, found males subjects confused encouragement with consent, seem to assume that males of any age should always acquiesce to sex with a female despite being under the age of consent. | ||||||||
| Broussard, S., Wagner, W. G., & Kazelskis, R. | 1991 | Undergraduate students' perceptions of child sexual abuse: The impact of victim sex, perpetrator sex, respondent sex, and victim response. | Journal of Family Violence | 6(3), 267-278 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Brousseau Melanie M, Martine Hébert & Sophie Bergeron | 2012 | Sexual Coercion within Mixed-Sex Couples: The Roles of Sexual Motives, Revictimization, and Reperpetration | Journal of Sex Research | 49 (6) 2012 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Research suggests that a history of childhood sexual abuse, and previous experiences of sexual coercion, may predict sexual coercion victimization and perpetration. More recently, sexual motivation has been found to correlate with both consensual and non-consensual sexual activity. However, sexual motivation has not been examined in association with previous experiences of abuse and sexual coercion. The aim of this study was to investigate childhood sexual abuse, previous sexual coercion experiences, and sexual motives of both partners as possible risk factors for current sexual coercion victimization and perpetration within a sample of 209 mixed-sex couples. This study examined whether power, stress relief, partner pressure, and imposition motives contributed unique variance to the prediction of sexual coercion beyond that accounted for by past childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion events. Using hierarchical logistic regressions, four predictive models were examined for both male and female sexual coercion perpetration and victimization. Results show that childhood sexual abuse was only a significant predictor of female sexual coercion perpetration, whereas male sexual coercion victimization and perpetration were predicted by sexual coercion victimization and perpetration in previous relationships. Power motives were also significant predictors of sexual coercion perpetration, and imposition was a significant predictor of sexual coercion victimization for both genders | ||||||||
| Brow, M.E., Knopp, F.H., & Lackey, L.B. | 1987 | Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers | Orwell: Safer Society Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Brow,M.E., Knopp, F.H. & Lackey,L.B. | 1987 | Female Sexual Abusers: A summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers | Orwell Safer Society Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Brown, Anthony Warren Alexander | 2012 | Gendered Media: A Study of how Newspapers Frame Educators Involved in Statutory Rape According to the Gender of the Adult. | PhD diss | California State University, Sacramento | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Brown, M.E., Drucker, L.A. Hull, L.A., & Panesis, S.K. | 1984 | Women Who Rape | Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court, 1-10. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990; and Syed & Williams, 1996] | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Buchanan, Kim S. | 41153 | Engendering Rape | University of Southern California Legal Studies Working Paper Serie | Working Paper 93 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This Article highlights a systematic bias in the academic, correctional, and human rights discourse that constitutes the basis for prison rape policy reform. This discourse focuses almost exclusively on sexual abuse perpetrated by men: sexual abuse of male prisoners by fellow inmates, and sexual abuse of women prisoners by male staff. But since 2007, survey and correctional data have indicated that the main perpetrators of prison sexual abuse seem to be women. In men’s facilities, inmates report much more sexual victimization by female staff than by male inmates; in women’s facilities, inmates report much higher rates of sexual abuse by fellow inmates than by male or female staff. These findings contravene conventional gender expectations, and are barely acknowledged in contemporary prison rape discourse, leading to policy decisions that are too sanguine about the likelihood of female-perpetrated sexual victimization. The selective blindness of prison rape discourse to counter-stereotypical forms of abuse illuminates a pattern of reasoning I describe as “stereotype reconciliation,” an unintentional interpretive trend by which surprising, counter-stereotypical facts are reconciled with conventional gender expectations. The authors of prison rape discourse tend to ignore these counter-stereotypical facts or to invoke alternative stereotypes, such as heterosexist notions of romance or racialized rape tropes, in ways that tend to rationalize their neglect of counter-stereotypical forms of abuse and reconcile those abuses with conventional expectations of masculine domination and feminine submission | ||||||||
| Budd,K.M., Bierie,D.M, Williams,K | 2015 | Deconstructing Incidents of Female Perpetrated Sex Crimes Comparing Female Sexual Offender Groupings | Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment. 107906321559436 | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Reviewed National Incident Based Reporting System data 1992-2012 on FSOs, divided up as Solos (29,238 or 62% of sample), FSO/MSO co-ed pairs (11,000 or 24% of sample), FSO groups (2669 or 6% of sample) and multi-perp groups with FSOs & MSOs (4268 or 9% of sample). The sexual offenses included forcible rape, forcible sodomy, sexual assault with an object, forcible fondling, non-forcible incest and non-forcible statutory rape (pimping was Not included). They found that co-ed pairs were more likely to have a female victim than was a solo FSO, that co-ed pairs were more likely to have a dependent child for a victim than was a solo FSO. Multi-perp groups were more likely to have a stranger victim and were more likely to cause both minor and major injuries to a victim. Multi-perp groups were also more likely to be involved in computer crimes (non-contact, child porn) than solo FSOs. FSO groups were more likely to offend within a jail setting than other types of FSO offenders. | ||||||||
| Bullock CM, Beckson M | 2011 | Male victims of sexual assault: phenomenology, psychology, physiology | Journal American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law | 2011;39(2):197-205 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Myths, stereotypes, and unfounded beliefs about male sexuality, in particular male homosexuality, are widespread in legal and medical communities, as well as among agencies providing services to sexual assault victims. These include perceptions that men in non-institutionalized settings are rarely sexually assaulted, that male victims are responsible for their assaults, that male sexual assault victims are less traumatized by the experience than their female counterparts, and that ejaculation is an indicator of a positive erotic experience. As a result of the prevalence of such beliefs, there is an underreporting of sexual assaults by male victims; a lack of appropriate services for male victims; and, effectively, no legal redress for male sexual assault victims. By comparison, male sexual assault victims have fewer resources and greater stigma than do female sexual assault victims. Many male victims, either because of physiological effects of anal rape or direct stimulation by their assailants, have an erection, ejaculate, or both during the assault. This is incorrectly understood by assailant, victim, the justice system, and the medical community as signifying consent by the victim. Studies of male sexual physiology suggest that involuntary erections or ejaculations can occur in the context of nonconsensual, receptive anal sex. Erections and ejaculations are only partially under voluntary control and are known to occur during times of extreme duress in the absence of sexual pleasure. Particularly within the criminal justice system, this misconception, in addition to other unfounded beliefs, has made the courts unwilling to provide legal remedy to male victims of sexual assault, especially when the victim experienced an erection or an ejaculation during the assault. Attorneys and forensic psychiatrists must be better informed about the physiology of these phenomena to formulate evidence-based opinions. | ||||||||
| Bumby, K. M., Halstenson Bumby, N., Burghess, A. W., & Hartman, C. R. | 1996 | From Victims to Victimizers: Sexually Aggressive Post-Traumatic Responses of Sexually Abused Adolescent Females. | Child/adolescent perp | |||||
| cannot substantiate the existence of this study but found it cited elsewhere | ||||||||
| Bumby, K., & Halstenson Bumby, N. | 1997 | Adolescent female sex offenders. | The Sex Offender: New Insights, Treatment Innovations and Legal Developments | Vol. II, pp. 10-1 10-16 | Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, Inc. | B. Schwartz, & H. Cellini | Child/adolescent perp | |
| The adolescent female sex offenders in this study averaged 2 victims each, | ||||||||
| Bumby, N. H., & Bumby, K. M. | 2004 | Bridging the gender gap: Addressing juvenile females who commit sexual offences. | The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse | ‘369–381 | New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge | G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett | Child/adolescent perp | |
| Bunting, L. | 2005 | Females who sexually offend against children: Responses of the child protection and criminal justice systems.[67] | NSPCC Policy Practice Research Series | London: NSPCC | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Bunting, L. | 2007 | Dealing with a Problem That Doesn't Exist?: Professional Responses to Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse. | Child Abuse Review | 16(4), 252-267 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Bureau of Justic Statistics | Special Report, Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth 2008-2009 | January 2010 NCJ 228416 | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| 26,550 youths, 10.3% reported sexual victimization (contact) with staff, 95% of the staff perpetrators were female | ||||||||
| Burgess A., Hartman C., McCausland M., & Powers P | 1984 | Response patterns in children and adolescents exploited through sex rings and pornography. | American Journal of Psychiatry | 14, 656-662 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Burgess, A. W., Hartman, C. R., & McCormack, A. | 1987 | Abused to abuser: Antecedents of socially deviant behaviors. | The American Journal of Psychiatry | 144, 1431-1436 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Burket, L. E. | 1985 | Guilt and Moral Judgment in the Juvenile Female Sex Offender: A Comprehensive Literature Review. | Unpublished MA thesis | Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Burt, Darren L., and Lesley R. DeMello | 2003 | Attribution of rape blame as a function of victim gender and sexuality, and perceived similarity to the victim | Journal of Homosexuality | 43, no. 2 (2003): 39-57 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Busby, D. M., & Compton, S. V. | 1997 | Patterns of sexual coercion in adult heterosexual relationships: An exploration of male victimization | Family Process | 36(1), 81-94 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Butte, Michelle | 2009 | The knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals in their practice with male victims of sexual abuse | Thesis (M.S.W., Social Work) | California State University, Sacramento | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Byard, R. W., Hucker, S. J., & Hazelwood, R. R. | 1993 | Fatal and near-fatal autoerotic asphyxial episodes in women: Characteristic features based on a review of nine cases. | American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology | 14(1), 70-3 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Byers, E. Sandra & Shannon A. Glenn | 2012 | Gender Differences in Cognitive and Affective Responses to Sexual Coercion | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2012 27 (5) 827-845 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| The women were more upset than were the men at the time of the incident. Contrary to predictions, the men and women did not differ in the extent to which they attributed blame to themselves or the strength of their internal attributions, guilt, or shame. Both the men and women attributed more blame to the coercer than to themselves; however, the women attributed more blame to the coercer than did the men. The women reported more trauma symptoms than the men did which was related to the finding that more women than men had experienced sexual coercion involving physical force. These results are discussed in terms of the similarities and differences between men’s and women’s cognitive and affective responses to sexual coercion | ||||||||
| Byers, S. E. | 1996 | How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research | Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | 8(1-2), 7-25 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Byers, S. E. | 1998 | Similar but different: Men’s and women’s experiences of sexual coercion | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | ‘144-168 | New York: The Guilford Press. | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Bynum, Malecia & Graham Tony E | 41002 | Are Judicial Systems Sexist Regarding Teacher Sex Offense Sentencing Guidelines? | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Analyzed 50 cases male and female teacher sex offense cases and sentencing guidelines for states. Female teachers tend to receive lesser sentences than males in cases where it is of the same stature. Males are more likely to get extensive jail time while females receive lesser sentences and fines | ||||||||
| Caceres,C.F. | 2005 | Assessing young people's non-consentual sexual experiences; lessons from Peru | Sex without consent. Young people in developing countries | (127-138) | London. Zed Books | Specifically on male victims | ||
| 20% of men (16-30yrs) reported non-consensual sex by female perp at least once during lifetime | ||||||||
| Caffaro, John V., and Allison Conn-Caffaro | 2005 | Treating sibling abuse families | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 10, no. 5 (2005): 604-623 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Sister-brother incest was 3rd largest group (10%), Sister-sister incest was least common (7%). 15% of the women reported being victims of Sister-sister physical assault and 10% of men reported a history of Sister-brother physical assault. | ||||||||
| Cain,C.M., Sample,L.L., & Anderson, A.L. | 2015 | Public Opinion of the Application of Sex Offender Notification Laws to Female Sex Offenders. Why It is Important to Examine | Criminal Justice Policy Review 0887403415572253 | pages 01-21 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Discusses S.O. notification laws (sex offender registries) and whether or not those on the registries are a danger to society. Used 2012 data from Nebraska. | ||||||||
| Cameron, P., Coburn Jr., W., Larson, H., & Proctor, K. | 1986 | Child Molestation and Homosexuality | Psychological Reports | 58(1), 327-337 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Campbell, A. | 1994 | Men, women and aggression | New York: Basic Books. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Says that to many men, “female aggression remains shrouded in mystery-capricious, irrational, arbitrary”, that men’s views of aggression fail to account for women’s aggression and that women who are violent must either be mentally ill or acting like men. | ||||||||
| Capers, Bennett | 2011 | Real rape too. | California Law Review | 99 (2011): 1259 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Carlson, Amber | 2013 | Abnormal Sexual Assault Situations and Its Influence on Rape Myth Acceptance | unpublished honors thesis | University of New Hampshire | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| The crime of rape, unwanted sexual contact, is a heavily researched topic in the sociological field. The majority of research, however, has revolved around incidences of stranger rape and the typical gender combination of male offender and female victim. The updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale was created to measure the level of participants agree with the typical rape myths of: she asked for it, he didn’t mean to, it wasn’t really rape, and she lied. This research study was designed to test the influence of gender in rape situations and how this affects the acceptance of rape myths. In addition, this acceptance of rape myths was compared with the likeliness to report stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and dating rape; along with the likeliness of having a consistent definition with the official one. Four separate surveys were distributed to 312 participants. Survey A contained situations of male-on female rape, survey B had female-on-male, survey C had female-on-female, and survey D had male-on-male rapes. 176 individuals took part in this survey. Each survey was analyzed for rape myth acceptance and likeliness to report each rape scenario. The overall results revealed that the gender of the victim and offender did not impact individual’s acceptance of rape myths. Limitations of the study and future research implications are discussed. Rape myths and rape scripts conceptualize rape as occurring between a female victim and a male offender. This has lead to the stereotypical beliefs that men cannot be victims of rape and females are incapable of being offenders of rape (Clark and Stermac 2011). This, however, is not the case. There are four combinations of actors that are possible in a single perpetration of rape: the rape by a man of a woman, the rape by a woman of another woman, the rape by a woman of a man, and the rape by a man of another man. Research has focused around the prevalence of a rape by a man of woman and has been supported by rape myths secured in place by stereotypical beliefs. These stereotypical beliefs, discussed above, ascertain that men cannot be victims of rape due to their strength, women do not have the strength to force a man to have non-consensual sexual intercourse, and men always enjoy sex (Sivakumaran 2005). Given the prevalence of homophobia in society, there is a certain taboo surrounding the discussion of same-sex rape and a silence surrounding the three other types of rape. This focus on the male-female patter should not, however, discount the severity of sexual assault by males against other males, which as we shall see, are unjustifiably downplayed, or only examined in the context of prison settings. Nor should an emphasis on this pattern minimize the even rarer occurrence between sexual assaults of males by females or of females by other females. Female-on-Male Rape: This occurrence of rape has been less studied when compared to other situations of rape, possibly due to its heterosexual nature. Regardless, male victims of sexual abuse by females often face social, political, and legal double standards as a result of the male stereotypes found in our society. Similar to male-on-male victims, female-on-male victims are likely to experience sexual problems post-assault as well. However the impact in these situations can lead to greater victim blaming and questioning surrounding whether the incidence was truly a rape due to the “normality” of the gendered sexual situation (Coxell and King 2010). Based upon the heterosexual normality of sex between a man and woman, these rape occurrences have been studied less and are less understood; possibly due to the lack of reporting. It is therefore, a goal of this current research study to gain a further understanding of how society defines these occurrences and the extent to which rape myth acceptance has a role in these definitions. Female-on-Female Rape Female-on-female rape is often labeled as “lesbian rape,” although the sexual orientation of one or both persons involved may or may not actually be lesbian. Non-consensual sexual intercourse can be stimulated by forced stimulation or forced penetration through the use of sexual toys or other foreign objects. Limited research has been conducted in this area of topic. However, in 2009 Lori B. Girshick wrote a book entitled, “Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape?” In this book she discusses the extent to which our legal system is not equipped to handle same-sex assaults, partly has a result of the homophobic myths surrounding these types of assaults. Grishick (2009) also found that the lesbian community has silenced those affected by female-on-female rape in an attempt to reduce the societal homophobia and negative connotations surrounding the lesbian community. Nonetheless, similar to the other “abnormal” types of rapes, female-on-female rape is an important area to study to further understand the perceptions and definitions surrounding those situations that deviate from the traditional male-on female rape. It is important to understand how society views these rapes to decrease the prevalence of the myths and stereotypes and increase the social and legal support available to all rape victims. 2) It is hypothesized that participants will hold stronger rape myth acceptance in cases of same-sex rape (Coxell and Gordon 1999, Coxell and King 2010, and Sivakumaran 2005. means of rape myth acceptance for males vs. females in situations of female-on-male rape. Males had a higher rape myth acceptance score than females, a 44.2 when compared with a 38.9, but this relationship was not significant at the 90% confidence interval. Male were, again, hypothesized to hold a higher rape myth acceptance score in situation of female-on-female rape than females. It was found that they had higher rape myth acceptance than females however this relationship was not significant. | ||||||||
| Carlson, B. E., Maciol, K. & Schneider, J. | 2006 | Sibling Incest: Reports from Forty-One Survivors | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 15(4), 19-34 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Carlson,A. | 2013 | Abnormal Sexual Assault Sitatuions and Its Influence on Rape Myth Acceptance | unpublished honors thesis Univeristy of New Hampshire | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Used 4 variations of survey (male rape of female; female rape of male; female rape of female; male rape of male). Noted that rape myth acceptance wasn't highly related to gender of victim/offender. | ||||||||
| Carlson,B.E., Maciol,K,& Schneider,J | 2006 | Sibling Incest: Reports from Forty-One Survivors | Journal of child sexual ause | 15(4), 19-34 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Carpentier,M.Y,, Silovsky, J.F., & Chaffin, M | 2006 | Randomized trial of treatment for children with sexual behavior problmes: Ten-year follow-up | Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | 74(3), 482 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| N=77 minor age female sexual offenders. Rsults of 2 treatment modalitites not seperated by sex of offending child. CBT had less recidivism (any arrest) than Play Therapy. | ||||||||
| Carson, W. | 2006 | Women Who Molest Children: A Study of 18 Convicted Offenders | Prosecutor | 40(3), 26-41 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Carvalho,J., & Nobre,P.J. | 2015 | Psychosexual characteristics of women reporting sexual aggression against men | Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260515579504 | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| N=260 female college students, used online survey, 35.8% reported having committed some form of sexual aggression against men: 46.2% by sexual coercion, 34.1% engaged in sexual abuse, and 19.8% used physical force. Sexually aggressive women self-reported more socio-sexuality (willingness to have sex outside of a relationship), fantasies of dominance and submission and sexual compulsivity. | ||||||||
| Cavanagh, Sheila L. | 2004 | Upsetting desires in the classroom: School sex scandals and the pedagogy of the femme fatale. | Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society | 9, no. 3 (2004): 315-332 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This paper examines the female teacher sex scandal involving former Canadian teacher Annie Markson and false allegations that she indecently assaulted an underage boy student. Using feminist psychoanalytic theory I argue that the media coverage of the story had a voyeuristic quality to it that can best be understood by interpreting the role of the counter-transference in education. The news story also reveals a psychic anxiety about normative masculine identity development, heterosexual bifurcations of gender, and female teacher sexuality. | ||||||||
| Cecil, Dawn K. | 2007 | Looking Beyond Caged Heat Media Images of Women in Prison | Feminist Criminology | October 2007 vol. 2 no. 4 304-326 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Female prisoners are an invisible correctional population; thus, media images are critical in shaping people's understanding of this social issue. Although research has examined how Hollywood depicts female prisoners, it has not delved into images found in reality-based programs. This study examined documentaries, televised news magazines, and talk shows to determine how these programs portray this incarcerated population and to identify how the issue is framed. Findings indicate that although some of the critical issues facing incarcerated women are presented, these programs still highlight factors that excite viewers, including violence and sex, thereby creating a sensationalized and damaging image of women behind bars. From a total 4,712 publications, identified using keywords searches on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo (1984 to December 2011), we selected 61 papers using methodological criteria of evidence-based medicine. Our literature review studied 6,293 cases of female sex offenders in these 611 publications. Results: Our review, conducted on a large population covering 61 of the most recent acceptable evidence-based studies, enables us to confirm three already-known suppositions: (1) female sex offenders have themselves often been victims not only of sex abuse (49.1%), but perhaps more importantly, of other types of family violence and instability (55.4%); (2) 51.2% suffer from psychiatric disorders, depression and/or mental retardation; (3) they are more likely to attack their own children or other close relatives before looking for victims outside of their family unit (63.9%). However, there are other generally held beliefs that do not seem to be based on fact and should certainly be reviewed, in particular concerning the belief that female sex offenders are not dangerous: 1) alcohol and drug abuse appeared in our series as less significant (29.1%) than previously described in older research, and seemed to confirm the results found with more rigourous data and larger scope studies described in the more recent literature; 2) female sex offenders are more likely to choose male victims (60%) over female victims (40%); 13.3% of them do not have any sexual preference; 3) contrary to popular belief, more female sex offenders commit their first crime alone than with an accomplice (66.7% of them act alone); 4) violence and coercion is far from absent when a female commits a sex offense (45.8% of cases); 5) although repeat sex offenses are rare, in a large number of cases (40.3%), female sex offenders have already been charged with other criminal offenses, or have repeat offenses in non-sexual criminal acts. | ||||||||
| Center for Sex Offender Management | 2007 | Female Sex Offenders | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Chan, H. C. O., & Frei, A. | 2013 | Female Sexual Homicide Offenders An Examination of an Underresearched Offender Population | Homicide Studies | 17(1), 96-118 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Using FBI’s Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data (1976-2007), 204 female sexual homicide offender cases (27 juveniles and 177 adult offenders) were examined. Female sexual murderers were more likely to target victims from the opposite gender, 75% of their victims were males, 78% were adults, 81% were in a relationship with the victim. Predominantly used firearms (compensate for strength disparity with victim). | ||||||||
| Chan, H. C. O., Frei, A. M., & Myers, W. C. | 2013 | Female sexual homicide offenders: An analysis of the offender racial profiles in offending process. | Forensic Science International | 233(1), 265-272. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Using FBI Supplemental Homicide Reports data (1976–2007), 105 White and 94 Black female SHOs were examined. Most female SHOs, regardless of race, killed victims of the opposite gender, most frequently targeted by female SHOs of both races were known victims (e.g., friends, acquaintances) who were not intimate partners or family members. Firearms were the most common weapons used by female SHOs. | ||||||||
| Chan, H.C.O., & Frei,A | 2013 | Female Sexual Homicide Offenders An Examination of an Under researched Offender Population | Homicide Studies | 17(1), 96-118 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Using FBI's Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data (1976-2007), 204 female sexual homicide offender cases (27 juveniles and 177 adult offenders) were examined. Female sexual murderers were more likely to target victims from the opposite gender, 75% of their victims were males, 78% were adults, 81% were in a relationship with the victim. Predominantly used firearms (compensate for strength disparity with victim). | ||||||||
| Chapleau, KM, Oswald DL & Russell RL | 2008 | Male rape myths: the role of gender, violence and sexism | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 23 (5) 600-612 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=423 college students, given measures of believes about rape, interpersonal violence. Men were less accepting of the myth that a man would not be upset after a sexual accept and they were least accepting of the idea that men do not get raped. Support for rape myths didn’t vary depending on the sex of the victim. | ||||||||
| Chasnoff, I. J., Burns. W. J., Schnoll, S. H., Burns, K., Chisum, G., & Kyle-Spore, L. | 1986 | Maternal-neonatal incest | American Journal of Orthopsychiatry | 56(4), 577-580 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Small sample size | ||||||||
| Chen, L.P., Murad, M.H., Paras, M.L., Colbenson, K.M., Sattler, A.L., Goranson,E.N. & Zirakzadeh A | 2010 | Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders; systematic review and meta-analysis. | Mayo Clinic Proceedings | 85 (7), 618-629 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Chibnall, John T.; Ann Wolf & Paul N. Duckro | 1998 | A National Survey of the Sexual Trauma Experiences of Catholic Nuns | Review of Religious Research | 40 (2) 142-167 1998 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=1,164 nuns. Mean age 62. Nuns (3.2%) accounted for nearly 10% of the abusers (prevalence of 1.6%). Prevalence of Sexual exploitation during religious life by other females was 3.4%. The most common roles for nun perpetrators were mentor, formation director, religious superior, and teacher. Those exploited as an adult by another female were significantly less likely to ever have told another person (61%) than those who were exploited by a male (81%). Of the 1,164 nuns, there were 599 incidents of sexual abuse, exploitation or sexual harassment reported. Most common perps were lay persons, Second Most Common Perp were Nuns (29.9%), followed by clergymen (21.2%). Looking just at adult sexual exploitation and sexual harassment, Nuns accounted for 44.9% of incidents, more than clergymen or lay persons. | ||||||||
| Chideckel, M. | 1935 | Female Sex Perversion | Oxford: Eugenics Publishing Co. | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| Chiotti, Jennifer Marie. | 2009 | The “illusive” female sex offender: A quantitative content analysis of media exposure. | PhD diss | Washington State University | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| For this study, mass media outlets such as television, newspaper, and magazine articles will be used to gain a convenient sampling of exposure and documentation of female sex offending since 1994. Found 819 cases of female perpetrated sex crime in the news, 109 charged with non-rape sex crime, 451 charged with rape, 69 charged with kidnapping and/or torture, 190 charged with sexual murder. 813 acted solo. Media called women Caregiver in 391 cases but 0 male cases, In Love with victim in 87 female cases but only 1 male case. Males were called Evil, Predatory, Perpetrator. | ||||||||
| Chivers, M.L., Seto,M.C., Lalumiere,M.L, Laan E., % Grimbos, T | 2010 | Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal I men and women. A meta-analysis | Archives of sexual behavior | 39(1) 5-56 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Chivers,M.L, Rieger,G., Latty,E., & Bailey,J.M | 2004 | A sex difference in the specificity of sexual arousal. | Psychological Science | 15(11) 736-744 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Chivers,M.L. & Bailey J.M. | 2005 | A sex difference in features that elicit genital response | Biological psychology | 70 (2), 115-120 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Chow, Eva W.C., & Choy, Alberto L. | 2002 | Clinical characteristics and treatment response to SSRI in a female pedophile. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 31(2), 211-215 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Case study | ||||||||
| Christiansen, A. R. & Thyer, B. A. | 2002 | Female Sexual Offenders -- A Review of Empirical Research | Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | 6(3), 1-16 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Christiansen,A.R., & Thyer,B.A. | 2002 | Female Sexual Offenders--A Review of Empirical Research | Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | 6(3) 1-16 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Christopher, F. S., Madura, M., & Weaver, L. | 1998 | Premarital sexual aggressors: A multivariate analysis of social, relational, and individual variables | Journal of Marriage and the Family | 56-69 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Found that adversarial gender beliefs were predictive of sexual coercion among women and hostility towards men best predicted sexual coercion among women. | ||||||||
| Christopher, F. S., Owens, L. A., & Stecker, H. L. | 1993 | An examination of single men’s and women’s sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships | Journal of Social and Personal Relationships | 10 (4), 511-527 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Had 900+ college students fill out measures regarding use of Pressure & Manipulation strategies (includes persuasion and alcohol/drugs) and Antisocial Strategies (includes use of force, threats, ridicule, sulking and guilt), whether they wanted more/less or same amount of sex and whether or not they were in a committed relationship. Found that committed women who either wanted more sex than their partner did, or less sex than their partner did were more likely to use Antisocial strategies than women who were not in committed relationships. The authors theorized that women in committed relationships believed that this gave them license to engage in socially unacceptable behaviors. The number of past coital partners was also related to women’s use of Pressure and Antisocial strategies. | ||||||||
| Christopher, K., Lutz-Zois, C. J., & Reinhardt, A. R. | 2007 | Female sexual-offenders: Personality pathology as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse history and sexual abuse perpetration against others. | Child Abuse and Neglect | 31, 871-883 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Christopher, Russell L. & Kathryn H. Christopher | 2012 | The Paradox of Statutory Rape | Indiana Law Journal | 87 (2) | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| “What once protected only virginal girls under the age of ten now also protects sexually aggressive males under the age of eighteen” (under 18 means they aren’t men) “…now exposes the adult rape victim to statutory rape liability | ||||||||
| Christopher,F.S., Owens,L.A.,& Stecker, H.L. | 1993 | An examination of single men's and women's sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships | Journal of Social and Perosnal Relationships | 10 (4) 511-527 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| . Had 900+ college students fill out measures regarding use of Pressure & Manipulation strategies (includes persuasion and alcohol/drugs) and Antisocial Strategies (includes use of force, threats, ridicule, sulking and guilt), whether they wanted more/less or same amount of sex and whether or not they were in a committed relationship. Found that committed women who either wanted more sex than their partner did, or less sex than their partner did were more likely to use Antisocial strategies than women who were not in committed relationships. The authors theorized that women in committed relationships believed that this gave them license to engage in socially unacceptable behaviors. The number of past coital partners was also related to women's use of Pressure and Antisocial strategies. | ||||||||
| Clark, R., & Hatfield, E. | 1989 | Gender Differences in Receptivity to Sexual Offers | Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality | 1(2), 39-55 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| (complete text in a .pdf file at link) | ||||||||
| Clements, Hannah, David L Dawson & Roshan das Nair | 2013 | Female-perpetrated sexual abuse: a review of victim and professional perspectives | Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice | Published online: 01 May 2013 1-10 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Professional attitudes towards female-perpetrated sexual abuse (FPSA) reportedly reflect the gender-role expectations found in broader society, which cast males almost exclusively as sexual aggressors or willing sexual recipients, females as sexually non-coercive or victims and male-perpetrated sexual abuse as particularly significant or injurious. Such views, however, appear to stand in contrast to the perspectives of individuals who have experienced FPSA. This paper details a systematic review of peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative literature examining these different (professional and victim) perspectives. Although the methodological shortcomings of primary papers limit the conclusions that can be drawn, the findings suggest that victim and professional perspectives of FPSA remain discrepant; professionals generally considered FPSA as less serious, less harmful and less deserving of investigation than male-perpetrated abuse; while victims of FPSA felt their experiences influenced significantly their psychological wellbeing and abilities to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. These findings are discussed in relation to professional practice and suggestions for future research. | ||||||||
| Clements,H., Dawson, D.L., & das Nair, R | 2014 | Female-perpetrated sexual abuse a review of victim and professional perspectives. | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 20(2), 197-215 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Review of both qualitative and quantitative peer reviewed studies, found that professionals view female perpetrated sexual abuse less serious, harmful or needing investigation than that by males despite the victims finding it to have negatively and significantly impacted them | ||||||||
| Clements-Schreiber, M. E., & Rempel, J. K. | 1995 | Women’s Acceptance of Stereotypes about Male Sexuality: Correlations with Strategies to Influence Reluctant Partners. | Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality | 4 (4) | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Clements-Schreiber, M., Rempel, J., & Desmarais, S. | 1998 | Women's sexual pressure tactics and adherence to related attitudes: A step toward prediction [90] | Journal of Sex Research | 35(2), 197-205 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Cocca, C. | 2004 | Prosecuting Mrs. Robinson: Gender Neutral Statutory Rape Laws | Jailbait: the politics of statutory rape laws in the United States | Chapter 3, pg 63 | New York, NY: State University of New York Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Cochran, C. C., Frazier, P. A., & Olson, A. M. | 1996 | Predictors of responses to unwanted sexual attention | Psychology of Women Quarterly | 21(2), 207-226 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=4,011 male/female university students and faculty, surveyed regarding unwanted sexual attention. 3% of women were harassed by other women, 56% of men were harassed by women. | ||||||||
| Cohen,D.K. | 2011 | Causes of Sexual Violence During Civil War: Crossing National Evidence (1980-2009) | Minnesota International Relations Colloquium Minneapolis, MN March | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Analyzes why some armies use rape as weapon in war and other groups do not; the difference appears related to whether the army is volunteer or forcibly 'recruited'. In the latter cases, rape can be used as a form of 'combatant socialization'. In the civil war in Sierra Leon, the Revolutionary United Front army abducted women as fighters (24%) and were the army with more mixed gender gang rape perpetrators (25.5% of the gang rapes). The women soldiers were involved in about a quarter of the rapes involving this army, both in holding down victims and in penetrating them with objects. | ||||||||
| Cohen,D.K. | 2013 | Female combatants and the perptration of violence: Wartime rape in the Sierra Leone civil war | World Politics | 65(03), 383-415 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Collings, S.J. | 1995 | The long-term effects of contact and noncontact forms of child sexual abuse in a sample of university men | Child abuse & neglect | 19(1), 1-6 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Collins, Jennifer M. | Lady Madonna, Children at Your Feet: The Criminal Justice System's Romanticization of the Parent-Child Relationship | http://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/bitstream/handle/10339/15876/Collins Lady Madonna, Children at Your Feet The Criminal Justice System's Romanticization of the Parent-Child Relationship.pdf?sequence=1 | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| There are several novels that touch on or focus on female sexual offending. While these in no way can be seen as realistic accounts of the problem, they do at least bring the concept into the minds of the general public. As yet, no one appears to have written an account similiar to what research suggest acctually occurs (adult female perp does not have a mental illness or character disorder). What Was She Thinking?: Notes on a Scandal by Zoe Heller. Kingdom of Childhood by Rebecca Coleman. Tampa by Alissa Nutting (review indicates this is a novel about a female sociopath molesting a 14 yr old male, contains multiple sexual scenes and could be considered child porn. THe author did note in an interview that there are lots of things kids want to do that are bad for them and we don't allow). A House Divided: Suspicions of Mother-Daughter Incest by Abramson and Pinkerton. (2001): story of Helen Cross who was accused of molesting her 5 yr old daughter, charges were later dropped. Author is sexologist who claimed that mother-daughter sexual abuse was vitually nonexistent. (p.193). | ||||||||
| Collins-McKinnell, C.R. | 2014 | Towards characterizing the female sexual offfender; a systematic review of research articles. | Unpublished Master's thesis, Univeristy of South Africa | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Colson, M.H.; L. Boyer, K. Baumstarck, A.D. Loundou | 2013 | Female sex offenders: A challenge to certain paradigms | Sexologies | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| From a total 4,712 publications, identified using keywords searches on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo (1984 to December 2011), we selected 61 papers using methodological criteria of evidence-based medicine. Our literature review studied 6,293 cases of female sex offenders in these 611 publications. Results: Our review, conducted on a large population covering 61 of the most recent acceptable evidence-based studies, enables us to confirm three already-known suppositions: (1) female sex offenders have themselves often been victims not only of sex abuse (49.1%), but perhaps more importantly, of other types of family violence and instability (55.4%); (2) 51.2% suffer from psychiatric disorders, depression and/or mental retardation; (3) they are more likely to attack their own children or other close relatives before looking for victims outside of their family unit (63.9%). However, there are other generally held beliefs that do not seem to be based on fact and should certainly be reviewed, in particular concerning the belief that female sex offenders are not dangerous: 1) alcohol and drug abuse appeared in our series as less significant (29.1%) than previously described in older research, and seemed to confirm the results found with more rigorous data and larger scope studies described in the more recent literature; 2) female sex offenders are more likely to choose male victims (60%) over female victims (40%); 13.3% of them do not have any sexual preference; 3) contrary to popular belief, more female sex offenders commit their first crime alone than with an accomplice (66.7% of them act alone); 4) violence and coercion is far from absent when a female commits a sex offense (45.8% of cases); 5) although repeat sex offenses are rare, in a large number of cases (40.3%), female sex offenders have already been charged with other criminal offenses, or have repeat offenses in non-sexual criminal acts. | ||||||||
| Condy, S. R., Templer, D. I., Brown, R., & Veaco, L. | 1987 | Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 16(5), 379-394 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=359 college males compared to 212 male inmates. 15% of inmate sample cited a history child sexual abuse by a female but none of the college sample cited it. The majority of women were friends, neighbors, baby sitters, and strangers to the boy. Intercourse and genital touching were the predominant forms of sexual abuse. | ||||||||
| Cook, N. E., Barese, T. H., & Dicataldo, F. | 2010 | The Confluence of Mental Health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 37, 1,119-135 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| 50 juvenile females given PCL-YV, compared to similar males. 58.5% of females had ‘proactive’ violence, 70.7% had non-intimate victim. The females were more likely than the males to have been hospitalized in a psych facility, which may represent the gendered way they were viewed. | ||||||||
| Cook, N.E., Barese, T.H. & Dictaldo, F. | 2010 | The Confluence of mental health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 37, 1 ,119-135 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 50 juvenile females given PCL-YV, compared to similar males. 58.5% of females had 'proactive' violence, 70.7% had non-intimate victim. The females were more likely than the males to have been hospitalized in a psych facility, which may represent the gendered way they were viewed. | ||||||||
| Cook, Philip W. & Tammy L. Hodo | 2013 | Women who sexually abuse men: the hidden side of rape, stalking, harassment and sexual assault | Praeger: Santa Barbara 2013 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Cooper, A. J., Swaminath, S., Baxter, D., & Poulin, C. | 1990 | A female sex offender with multiple paraphilias: A psychologic, physiologic (laboratory sexual arousal) and endocrine case study. | Canadian Journal of Psychiatry | 35(4), 334-337 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Corrections Service of Canada | 2002 | Female sex offenders: A review of the literature | Ottawa, Canada | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Cortoni, F. | 2010 | Female Sexual Offenders: A Special Subgroup | Managing High-Risk Sex Offenders in the Community: Risk Management, Treatment and Social Responsibility | (pp. 159-173 | Portland, OR: Willan Publishing | K. Harrison | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Cortoni, F., & Hanson, R. K. | 2005 | A review of the recidivism rates of adult female sexual offenders (R-169). | Ottawa: Research Branch, Correction Service of Canada | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Cortoni,F | 2010 | Female Sexual Offenders: A Special Subgroup In K. Harrison (Ed.) | Managing High-Risk Sex offenders in the Community: Risk Management, Treatment and Social Responsibility | 159-173 | Portland OR Willan Publishing | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Cortoni,F.,, Sandler, J.C. % F | 2014 | Women Convicted of Promoting Prostitution of a Minor Are Different From Women Convicted of Traditional Sexual Offenses. A brief Research Report | Sexual abuse: A journal of research and treatment | 27(3), 324-334 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Discussed problem in places like New York State where they enacted laws making non-sexual offenses like promoting prostitution into a sex crime; claimed the crimes are sexually motivated but seem to miss that sexual motivation is within the john, not the pimp. Among other issues, this skews the recidivism research as the pimps have a much higher re-arrest rate. N=94 women convicted of 'sexual offenses', compared pimps to traditional FSOs. Female pimps had more general criminal histories (robbery, theft, fraud, drugs), were more antisocial than FSOs, have different Criminogenic features. 64.8% of the traditional FSOs had deviant sexual interest, 27.3% had a related child victim. | ||||||||
| Coxell, Adrian; Michael King, Gillian Mezey, and Dawn Gordon | 1999 | Lifetime prevalence, characteristics, and associated problems of non-consensual sex in men: cross sectional survey | British Medical Journal | 1999 27; 318(7187): 846–850 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| 2474 of 3142 men (79%) agreed to participate; 71/2468 (standardized rate 2.89%) reported non-consensual sexual experiences as adults, 128/2423 (5.35%,) reported non-consensual sexual experiences as children, and 185/2406 (7.66%) reported consensual sexual experiences as children that are illegal under English law. Almost 3% of men in England report non-consensual sexual experiences as adults, 13% reported sexual experiences as children that were non-consensual or illegal. 21% of the child sexual assault was done by female perps and the mean age of the victims was 11 years. Regarding female perps, 46% were forced to perform oral sex on the perp, 50% were forced to have intercourse with the perp, 4% were anally penetrated. 28 cases involved a boy molested by a sole female and 2 of a boy molested by a female/male couple. Only 2 males reported their victimization to police. In 91% of the Statutory rape cases(‘consensual sex with child by person 5+ yrs older), the perp was female, the mean age of the victim was 14. 37% of the men who has ‘consensual’ sex as a kid went on to report psych symptoms. 48% of the adult men who were raped as by a female reported psych symptoms. | ||||||||
| Craig S. M. | 1998 | When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | New York, NY: The Guilford Press | In P. B. Anderson, & C. J. Struckman-Johnson | Adult victim, adult perp | ||
| Craissati, J., McClurg, G., & Browne, K. | 2002 | Characteristics of perpetrators of child sexual abuse who have been sexually victimized as children | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 14(3), 221-235 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 19% of the participants reported child sexual abuse by a woman. | ||||||||
| Cranford, S., & Williams, R. | 1998 | Critical issues in managing female offenders | Corrections Today | 60(7), 130-135 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Crawford, C. | 1997 | Forbidden Femininity: Child Sexual Abuse and Female Sexuality | Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Crawford, E. | 2010 | A grounded theory analysis of the perpetration of child sexual ause by female sex offenders | Doctoral dissertation, Walden University | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Looked at experiences/attitudes of convicted F.S.O.’s, used pre-existing descriptive data. Based upon the perp’s self-reports. Focused on perp’s loneliness and desire to please a male partner. | ||||||||
| Crawford, M., & Popp, D. | 2003 | Sexual double standards: A review and methodological critique of two decades of research | Journal of Sex Research | 40(1), 13-26 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Crawford,A | 2014 | UK paedophiles pay to watch child sex abuse in Philippines | : | BBC News | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| (note that the women in the video (all trying to hide their faces) were the perps who brought the minors for sexual abuse and weren’t the victims) | ||||||||
| Crockett, L. C. | 2001 | The deepest wound: How a journey to El Salvador led to healing from mother-daughter incest | Lincoln, NE: Writer’s Showcase | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Crome,S.A. | 2006 | Male survivors of sexual assault and rape | Australian Institute of Family Studies | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Cuk, Renata | Sexual violence against men in armed conflicts. | Course: Gender, Sexuality and Violent Conflict. Beyond Oppositional Imagination. Miroyna,Akademia (Peace Academy) | Specifically on male victims | |||||
| Curry, Theodore R., Gang Lee, and S. Fernando Rodriguez. | 2004 | Does victim gender increase sentence severity? Further explorations of gender dynamics and sentencing outcomes. | Crime & Delinquency | 50, no. 3 (2004): 319-343 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Data from Texas 1991 for assault, robbery, homicide in 7 large metro areas: female victims result in substantially longer sentences than male victims. 10% of the perpetrators were female, 3% of the cases involved female perp/female victim, 6% involved female perp/male victim. | ||||||||
| Curtis,R., Terry, K. Dank, M., Dombrowski,K.,& Khan,B. | 2008 | The commercial sexual explotation of children in New York City. Volume 1. The CSEC population in New York City: Size, characteristics, and needs | (NCJ Publiction NO 225083) Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington DC Washington DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics US Department of Justice | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| D'Abreu, L.C.F., & Krahe,B. | 2015 | Vulnerability to Sexual Victimization in Female and Male College Students in Brazil: Cross Sectional and Prospective Evidence | Archives of sexual behavior | pages 01-15 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=573 male/female heterosexual Brazilian college students. Defined sexual aggression as behavior done with intent/result of making other person engage in sex despite his/her unwillingness. Also did prospective analysis with subsample N=250, 6 months later. 30.8% of males reported at least one experience of sexual victimization since the age of 14 and 13.8% experienced sexual victimization in the preceding 6 month periods (10% were not first-time victims); majority of perps (74%) were women. 6.8% of men reported having been victim of completed rape during lifetime and 2.8% within last 6 months. 2.8% of men had experienced attempted rape in last 6 months. 17.5% of men had experienced some form of unwanted sexual experience since age 14 yrs | ||||||||
| Dahinten, V. S. | 2003 | Peer Sexual Harassment in Adolescence: The Function of Gender | Le harcelement sexuel par des pairs a ladolescence: le role de lappartenance sexuelle | 35(2), 56-73 | CJNR (Canadian Journal of Nursing Research) | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Darling, Andrea J and Georgios A. | 2013 | Antonopoulos Notes on a Scandal’: Why do Females Engage in Abuse of Trust Behaviours? | International Journal of Criminology and Sociology | 2013, 2, 525-537 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Quantitative Analysis of 10 cases of female sex offenders against kids in England. Noted that all the F.S.O.s engaged in sexual behavior with minors while in a position of trust (teachers, foster care providers, teaching assistant), all solo offenders, but only 1 was dealt with via criminal courts; remainder were ‘cautioned’. One perp had 4 male victims, the remainder had only 1 victim, perp ages ranged from 26-44 yrs. Only one perp reported a history of her own childhood sexual victimization. Majority of the perps viewed victim as ‘willing’ and not harmed. 2 of the perps threatened self-harm to victim (coercion), most had stable job histories, only legal problems were motor vehicle violations. Half of the perps were willing to leave partners to stay with child victims. Most used kid for emotional gratification and 50% had sexual gratification as a primary or secondary motivation. All engaged in victim blaming, minimizing of harm and saw the kid as capable of having an equitable relationship with the adult perp. | ||||||||
| Davies, Michelle | 2002 | Male sexual assault victims: A selective review of the literature and implications for support services. | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 7, no. 3 (2002): 203-214 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Davies, Michelle | 2013 | Effects of victim gender, age and sexuality on perceptions of sexual assaults committed by women | Perceptions of Female Offenders | 93-100 | Springer New York, New York | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Excellent review of the research on the topic | ||||||||
| Davies, Michelle & Paul Rogers | 2006 | Perceptions of male victims in depicted sexual assaults: a review of the literature | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 11 367-377 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| States that support, help and research for male victims is 20+ years behind that for female victims. Notes that teacher-lover’ subtype gets most media attention because it’s easiest to sensationalize (would never use that term if sexes were reversed) | ||||||||
| Davies, Michelle and Hudson, Jenefer | 2011 | Judgments Toward Male and Transgendered Victims in a Depicted Stranger Rape | Journal of Homosexuality | 58 (2). pp. 237-247 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| There has been an increasing amount of research interest into perceptions of male rape in recent years. However, no research has assessed how people react when a transgendered person is raped. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transgendered status and sexuality on victim blame and perceived severity in a depicted rape scenario. The sexuality of the victim was manipulated to include a heterosexual, homosexual, cross-dresser, female-to-male transsexual, and male-to-female transsexual. It was predicted that the heterosexual victims would be judged the most positively and that heterosexual male participants would make the most anti-victim judgments. One hundred thirty-three lesbian, gay male, and heterosexual members of the general population read a scenario depicting a rape and then completed a questionnaire measuring victim blame and perceived severity of the assault. Results conformed to the predictions. Results are discussed in relation to traditional gender roles and homophobia. | ||||||||
| Davies, Michelle, and Paul Rogers | 2009 | Perceptions of blame and credibility toward victims of childhood sexual abuse: Differences across victim age, victim-perpetrator relationship, and respondent gender in a depicted case. | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 18, no. 1 (2009): 78-92 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Davies, Michelle, and Paul Rogers | 2009 | Perceptions of blame and credibility toward victims of childhood sexual abuse: Differences across victm age, victim-perpetrator relationship, and respondent gender in a depcited case | Journal of Child sexual Abuse 18 | 78-92 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Davies, Michelle, Austen, Kerry and Rogers, Paul | 2011 | Sexual Preference, Gender and Blame Attributions in Adolescent Sexual Assault | Journal of Social Psychology | 151 (5). 592-607 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| The study investigated the impact of victim sexual orientation, perpetrator gender, and participant gender on judgments toward a 15-year-old male victim of a depicted sexual assault. N=188, vignette of sexual assault of a 15-year-old male victim, varied sexual orientation and perp gender. All participants, regardless of gender, made more positive judgments toward the female as opposed to male perpetrator. | ||||||||
| Davies, Michelle, Paul Pollard, and John Archer | 2001 | The influence of victim gender and sexual orientation on judgments of the victim in a depicted stranger rape | Violence and Victims | 16, (6) 607-619 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Used vignettes of sexual assault, changed the victim’s gender and sexual orientation. Men judged gay male victims more negatively than females, but also blamed the heterosexual male victims of sexual assaults by women more. Male respondents seemed to make assumption that a male victim should/could fight or escape a male attacker, should acquiesce to a female attacker; gender related attribution bias. | ||||||||
| Davies, Michelle, Walker, Jayne, Archer, John and Pollard, Paul | 2013 | The scripting of male and female rape | Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research | 5 (2). 68-76 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| In Press | ||||||||
| Davies,Michelle, Paul Pollard, and John Archer | 2001 | The influence of victim gender and sexual orientation on judgments of the victim in a depcited stranger rape | Violence and Victims 16 | (6), 607-619 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| . Used vignettes of sexual assault, changed the victim's gender and sexual orientation. Men judged gay male victims more negatively than females, but also blamed the heterosexual male victims of sexual assaults by women more. Male respondents seemed to make assumption that a male victim should/could fight or escape a male attacker, should acquiesce to a female attacker; gender related attribution bias. | ||||||||
| Davin, P. A. | 1993 | The Best Kept Secret: A Study of Female Sex Offenders | Doctoral dissertation | Fielding Institute | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Davin, P. A. | 1999 | Secrets revealed: A study of female sex offenders Sexual Abusers: Three Views | Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views | 9-134 | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | P. A. Davin, J. R. Hislop, & T. Dunbar | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |
| Davin, P. A., Dunbar, T., & Hislop, J. | 1999 | Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views Sexual Abusers: Three Views | Brandon, VT, Safer Society Press | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| Davis, J. | 2006 | Perspectives and psychosocial characteristics of female sex offenders: Implications for counseling | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | Texas Southern University | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Dawson, S.J., Bannerman, B.A., & Lalumiere M.L. | 2014 | Paraphilic interests: AN exmaination of sex difference in a nonclinical sample | Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment 10790631525645 | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| . N=305 Canadian Males and 710 Canadian Females, mostly white, mostly students, mostly heterosexual. Gave measures of Paraphilia, intellectual ability, non-right-handedness, susceptibility to illness, sex drive, sexual compulsivity, Sociosexuality (mating effort/casual sex), impulsivity and sensation-seeking, plus 2 measures of Masculinity/Femininity (Bem sex role inventory and Lippa's gender diagnosticity) along with a social desirability measure. Noted previous research on paraphilias largely ignored females. Significantly greater proportion of men (compared to women) reported arousal to voyeurism, sadism, fetishism, Biastophilia (sex with non-consenting person aka rape) and urine but similar proportions of males/females reported arousal to masochism, exhibitionism, obscene phone calls, transvestism, feces and animals. Greater 'masculinity' scores on the 2 measures was positively associated with reports of greater arousal to paraphilia in women. Sex drive seemed to be the factor explaining the interest in paraphilia as compulsive sexual interest and sociosexuality were strongly correlated with paraphilic interest in both sexes, as was impulsivity and sensation seeking. The fact women's higher scores in areas of dominance and assertiveness significantly correlated with paraphilia suggests that Gender Roles may be a factor. | ||||||||
| de Haas, S. Berlo. W Bakker F. Vanwesenbeeck,I. | 2012 | Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence in the Netherlands, the risk of re-victimation and pregnancy: Results from a national population survery | Violence and Victims | 27 (4), 592-608 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Study investigated the prevalence of sexual violence in the Netherlands ; listed experience of sexual violence over lifetime, before age 16 and within the past year. N=6,000 males/females ages 15-70. Prevalence rate was 21% for males. 30% of male victims of child sexual abuse went on to have adult victimization | ||||||||
| Decou,C.R. ,Cole, T.T.,Rowland,S.E., Kaplan S.P., & Lynch,S.M. | 2015 | An ecological process model of female sex offending: The role of victimization psychological distress, and life stressors | Sexual Abuse: a journal of resarch and treatment | 27 (3) 302-323 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Description of results of interviews with 24 incarcerated FSOs from US northwest. All but 1 offended against a minor. Themes included poor boundaries, viewing victim as a peer who could engage in a consensual and reciprocal relationship, engaging in behavior to meet personal needs and for self-gratification, | ||||||||
| Deering, R., & Mellor, D. | 2007 | Female-Perpetrated Child Sex Abuse: Definitional and Categorization Analysis | Psychiatry, Psychology and Law | 14(2), 218-226 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| matched 7 cases each female-perpetrated child sexual & male-perpetrated child sex abuse. All offenders were sentenced to imprisonment, but in general the women were more likely than the men to receive less jail time and lower non-parole periods because their personal backgrounds or situation at the time of the offending were perceived as worthy of sympathy, and they were considered as likely to be rehabilitated. | ||||||||
| Deering, R., & Mellor, D. | 2009 | Sentencing of male and female child sex offenders : Australian study | Psychiatry, Psychology and Law | 16(3), 394-412 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Deering, R., & Mellor, D. | 2011 | An exploratory qualitative study of the self-reported impact of female-perpetrated childhood sexual abuse | Journal of child sexual abuse | 20 (1), 58-76 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| In this exploratory qualitative study, a sample of nine men and five women who reported that they had been sexually abused by women in their childhood were recruited from the general community. They completed a questionnaire that asked them to describe various aspects of their abuse experiences and the perceived consequences. For both men and women, the abuse was associated with negative outcomes across a range of functional areas in both childhood and adulthood. | ||||||||
| Deering, Rebecca, and David Mellor | 2010 | What is the prevalence of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse? A review of the literature. | American Journal of Forensic Psychology | 28 (3) 25-53 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Dell, A., & Boe, R. | 1998 | Female young offenders in Canada | Ottawa: Research Branch | Correctional Service of Canada | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 111 Juvenile Canadian females were charged with sexual offenses in 1993 and 70 in 1997, with the prairie provinces over-represented compared to other provinces. However, only about 75% of the cases in 1993 were processed through the court systems, and only about 68% were processed there in 1997. This study did not explicate the common dispositions of the sexual crimes. | ||||||||
| Denov, M. S. | 2001 | A culture of denial: Exploring professional perspectives on female sex offending. | Canadian Journal of Criminology | 43(3), 303-329 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| summarized this attitude saying female sexual offending is reframed from sphere of intentional criminality to one in line with cultural views of women (mentally ill, less severe, controlled by male perpetrator). | ||||||||
| Denov, M. S. | 2003 | To a Safer Place? Victims of sexual abuse by females and their disclosures to professionals | Child Abuse & Neglect | 27(1), 46-61 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Denov, M. S. | 2003 | The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators | Journal of Sex Research | 40(3), 303-314 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Denov, M. S. | 2004 | Perspectives on Female Sex Offending: A Culture of Denial | Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Denov, M. S. | 2004 | The Long-Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse by Female Perpetrators: A Qualitative Study of Male and Female Victims | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 19 (10), 1137-1156 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=14 adults (7 male/7 female) survivors of childhood sexual assault by females. 6 were victimized by Mother, 2 by Grandmother, 1 by Nun, no perp was accompanied by a co-offender. Most had depression, SI, rage issues. Average age of onset was 5 years old, stopped by age 12 (onset of puberty). 64% reported experiencing penetration and/or oral sex, 71% reported experiencing fondling and/or simulated intercourse. 86% reported fear of molesting children, 4 consciously decided never to have children. 2 males and 2 females reported sexually abusing children; males were both reported, charged and convicted, neither female was. | ||||||||
| Denov, M., & Cortoni, F. | 2006 | Women who sexually abuse children | Comprehensive mental health practice with sex offenders and their families | 71-99 | Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press. | C. Hilarski & J.S. Wodarski | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Dent-Brown,K. | 1993 | Child sexual abuse: Problems for adult surviors. | Journal of Mental Health | 2(4), 329-338 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Dhaliwal, G. K., Gauzas, L., Antonowicz, D. H., & Ross, R. R. | 1996 | Adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse: Prevalence, sexual abuse characteristics, and long-term effects | Clinical Psychology Review | 16(7), 619-639 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Dinwiddie,S, Heath,A.C.,Dunne,M.P., Bucholz,K.K., Madden,P.A., Slutske, W.S., & Martin, N.G. | 2000 | Early sexual abuse and lifetime psychopathology: a co-twin-control study. | Psychological Medicine | 30(1) 41-52 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N= 5995 Australian twins; history of CSA was reported by 2.5% of the men. In the sample as a whole, those reporting CSA were more likely to receive lifetime diagnoses of major depression, conduct disorder, panic disorder and alcoholism, and were more likely to report suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempt. | ||||||||
| Dollar, K.M., Perry, A.R., Fromuth, M., & Holt, A.R. | 2004 | Influence of gender roles on perceptions of teacher/adolescent student sexual relations | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 50(1-2), 91-101 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| male teacher/male student dyad was viewed as the least normative, and the female teacher/male student dyad was perceived as the most normative. | ||||||||
| Doroszewicz, Krystyna & Gordon B. Forbes | 2008 | Experiences With Dating Aggression and Sexual Coercion Among Polish College Students | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2008 23 (1) 58-73 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Dating aggression and sexual coercion were studied in Polish college women (n = 100) and men (n = 101) using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996). Rates of psychological and physical aggression, sexual coercion, and injury were compared for men and women. Rates of physical aggression, sexual coercion, and injury were compared with preliminary data from 31 universities and 16 countries from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS; Straus, 2003, 2004). Rates of psychological aggression, physical aggression, and sexual coercion were high with respective rates of 77%, 36%, and 42% for men and 89%, 48%, and 40% for women. Relative to the IDVS samples, Polish men and women had high levels of physical aggression and sexual coercion. Relative to the IDVS samples, women, but not men, had high levels of causing injury to their partner and using threats or actual physical force to obtain oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse. The possible influences of high levels of domestic violence in Polish society and rapid changes in women's roles are discussed. | ||||||||
| Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. | 1999 | What works for female offenders: A meta-analytic review | Crime and Delinquency | 45,4, 438-452 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Is about female offenders generally, not sex offenders specifically, but still a useful study. | ||||||||
| Dube, S. R., et al. | 2005 | Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 28, 430-438 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Dunbar, T. | 1993 | Women Who Sexually Molest Female Children | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | Los Angeles: University of Southern California | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Dunbar, T. | 1999 | Women who sexually molest female children | Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views | 311-377 | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | P. A. Davin, J. C. Hislop, & T. Dunbar | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Duncan, D. F. | 1990 | Prevalence of sexual assault victimization among heterosexual and gay/lesbian university students | Psychological Reports | 66, 65-66 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Duncan, K. | 2004 | Healing from the Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Journey for Women. | Connecticut : Praeger Publishers | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Duncan, K. | 2006 | Gender Equity in the Field of Child Sexual Abuse: Does Gender Matter in Sexual Offense Treatment for Females and their Victims? Equity in Sexual Abuse - Duncan 2006.pdf | Paper presented at the ATSA 2006 Conference in Chicago, Illinois. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Duncan, L. E., & Williams L. M., | 1998 | Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 39(9/10), 765-785 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Used hospitalized sample | ||||||||
| Duncan,K | 2004 | Healing from the Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Journey for Women | Connecticut: Praeger Publisher | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Duncan,K | 2010 | Female Sexual Predators | Praeger | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| Dunkel Curtis Scott & Eugene Mathes | 2012 | The role of life history strategy in the correspondence between being a victim and a perpetrator of sexual coercion | Journal of Evolutionary Psychology | 10 (3) 2012 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| The current investigation was undertaken to examine the possible role of life history (LH) strategy in the correspondence between being a victim of sexual coercion and being a perpetrator. Although victimhood was associated with LH strategies for males, and LH strategy was associated with perpetration for both sexes, mediation by LH strategy between victimhood and perpetrating was not supported. Support was found for life history strategy as a moderator, but only for females. Females with a fast life history strategy coupled with high levels of victimhood exhibited the highest levels of perpetration. The results were found while controlling for individual differences in age, aggression and self-control. While a correspondence between general (not sex specific) victimhood and perpetration was found, the relationship was not moderated by life history strategy. The role of LH strategy in accounting for individual difference in sexual coercion is discussed. It is speculated that greater plasticity in sexuality is a LH characteristic in females. | ||||||||
| Durham, A.W. | 2003 | Young men surviving child sexual abuse. Research stories and lessons for therapeutic practice | Chichester: Wiley | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Edelson, M. G., & Joa, D. | 2010 | Differences in legal outcomes for male and female children who have been sexually abused | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 22, 427-442 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Cases involving Male victims were less likely to be accepted for prosecution, had fewer charges and shorter sentences. | ||||||||
| Edgardh, K., & Ormstad, K. | 2000 | Prevalence and characteristics of sexual abuse in a national sample of Swedish seventeen-year-old boys and girls | Acta Paediatrica | 88, 310–319 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Representative samples of 2% of Sweden's 17-y-old male and female students and school non-attenders were selected in a two-step procedure. In all, 1943 students and 210 school non-attenders answered a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, distributed by school nurses. Six out of 170 questions dealt with personal experiences of child sexual abuse, i.e. age at onset, frequency of abuse and relationship to the offender. Peer abuse was excluded by the definitions used. The overall response rate was 92.2% for students and 44.2% for school dropouts. Among male and female students, 3.1% and 11.2%, respectively, acknowledged sexual abuse, 2.3% and 7.1%, respectively, when exhibitionism was excluded. Mean age at onset was 9.1 y (SD 4.3) for boys and 9.0 y (SD 3.9) for girls; 1.2% of the boys and 3.1% of the girls reported abusive oral, vaginal and/or anal intercourse. Suicide attempts or other acts of self-harm were reported by 33.3% of the male students reporting abuse and by 5.1%(p <0.001) of those who had not been abused, | ||||||||
| Eisenberg, N., Owens, R. G., & Dewey, M. E. | 1987 | Attitudes of health professionals to child sexual abuse and incest | Child Abuse & Neglect | 11(1), 109-116 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| attitudes of health professionals towards child victims of incest; 33% felt girls were more seriously affected than boys, Abuse that didn’t involve intercourse is seen as less damaging, abuse done by female was seen as less damaging. | ||||||||
| Eldridge, H. | 1994 | Barbara’s story: A mother who sexually abused. | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 74-87 | New York: The Guilford Press | M. Elliott | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Eldridge, H., & Saradjian, J. | 2000 | Replacing the function of abusive behaviors for the offender: Remaking relapse prevention in working with women who sexually abuse children | Remaking Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders: A Sourcebook | 402-426 | Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications | D.R. Laws, S.M. Hudson & T. Ward | Assessment or treatment related | |
| Eldridge, H., Elliott, I. A., & Ashfield, S. | 2009 | Assessment of women who sexually abuse children | Sexual abuse assessments: Using and developing frameworks for practice | 213-227 | London: Russell House Publishing | M.C. Calder | Assessment or treatment related | |
| Ellen,Barbara | 2009 | http://www.thegarudian.com/commentisfree/2009/nov/29/barbara-ellen-madeleine-martin-comment | Thinks female sexual abuse of minor age male is "pathetic, not predatory" | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Ellerstein, N., & Canavan, W. | 1980 | Sexual abuse of boys | American Journal of Diseases of Children | 134, 255-257 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| In a retrospective review of 145 sexually abused children, 11% were male. The boys were more likely to be assaulted in a public place than were girls, and boys were more prone to physical injury. The relationship of the perpetrator to the child was similar for boys and girls as was the age of the children. This study emphasizes the existence of boys as victims of sexual abuse. | ||||||||
| Elliot, D., & Briere, J. | 1994 | Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children – Disclosures and symptomology | Behavioral Sciences and the Law | 12(3), 261-277 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Elliott, A. J. & Peterson, L. W. | 1993 | Maternal sexual abuse of male children: When to suspect and how to uncover it | Postgraduate Medicine | 94(1), 169-180 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Elliott, I. A., Eldridge, H. J., Ashfield, S., & Beech, A. R. | 2010 | Exploring Risk: Potential Static, Dynamic, Protective and Treatment Factors in the Clinical Histories of Female Sex Offenders | Journal of Family Violence | 25(6), 595-602 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| N=43 F.S.O.s, found evidence of cognitive distortions related to offending including Uncontrollability, Children as Sexual, Dangerous World, Minimal Harm Caused by offending and sense of Entitlement. | ||||||||
| Elliott, Ian A., and Sherry Ashfield | 2011 | The use of online technology in the modus operandi of female sex offenders | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 17, (1) 2011 92-104 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| In this review we examine the methods by which female sexual offenders may use communications technologies such as the internet in their offending behaviours. We outline the context of sexual abuse of children both by female perpetrators and by those using the internet. The topic is examined based on three criminogenic areas highlighted by Lambert and O'Halloran: (1) interpersonal/socialization deficits; (2) deviant sexual arousal; and (3) cognitive distortions and recognition barriers. We include elements drawn from anonymized clinical cases of female-perpetrated sexual abuse of children involving online technology. We present the argument that the characteristics of this population are likely to suggest that clinicians assessing cases of this nature may find it more useful to refer to the literature on female sexual offenders rather than that of male internet offenders. | ||||||||
| Elliott, M. | 1994 | What survivors tell us – An overview | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 13-May | New York: The Guilford Press | Elliott, M. | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Elliott,Ian A., & Alexandra B | 2014 | Female Sex offenders: gender and risk perception in Kieran McCartan (Ed) | Responding to Sexual Offending: Perceptions, Risk, Management and Public Protection | Palgrave Macmillan | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Discusses reasons western society continues to misperceive women as not sexually dangerous. Authors applied Pickett, Mancini & Mears (2013) theories of public opinion about sex crimes and policies to FSOs. The Victim-oriented model focuses on the harm done to victims and is often related to retribution for the perp. Authors note that the public perception that women as needing 'protection' (like children) automatically positions women as victims and men as perps and minimizes both the FSO and any male victims. The SO stereotype model focuses on SO's as a homogeneous group of predators who are both unmanageable and untreatable. Cites Sjoberg & Gentry 2007 who argued that the stereotype that women are nurturing overshadows recognition that women engage in violence and leads to ways of accounting for women's violence that maintain this stereotype; women engage in violence to get revenge on a male, to support a male, or were coerced by a male, is mentally ill, or is deviantly sexual (as opposed to having sexually deviant interests). Notes that accounts of coercion may be inflated by FSOs, allowing them to be viewed as victims and maintain the stereotype. Notes the preliminary research by Gannon et al suggesting that some FSOs may have biased ideas regarding male status that increase their experience of dependence. They note that the low detection and low observed re-offense rate combined with these misunderstandings causes people to think that FSOs aren't a 'valid risk management concern'. Mentions a meta-analysis by Cortoni et al 2010 suggesting a low recidivism and notes the problems with detection and conviction, as well as noting the cycle where lack of policy on FSOs results in/fuels under-detection of FSO; FSOs are generally only detected by child protection agencies and then handled by the family rather than criminal courts, which keeps the public less aware, less anxious and less vigilant. Cites Belknap (2001) who differentiated between Sex Differences and Gender Differences, suggested that criminal justice system be more 'gender responsive' by targeting 'female specific pathways to criminality'. Recommends that CJS ensure parity with a range of services for both sexes | ||||||||
| Elliott,M (ed). | 1994 | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | New York : The Guilford Press | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| Ellis, Lee | 1998 | Why some sexual assaults are not committed by men: A biosocial analysis | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | 105-118 | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman- Johnson | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Embry, Randa & Lyons, Phillip M. | 2012 | Sex-based sentencing: sentencing discrepancies between male and female sex offenders | Feminist Criminology | 7 (2), 2012, pp146-162 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Men receive longer sentences for sex offenses than women, supporting the chivalry hypothesis; Chivalry thesis, a form of paternalism, asserts that women are weaker and that their actions are not seen as completely valid. Women should not be held to the same standards as men in the CJS as they are not fully responsible for their actions. Grounded assumptions based on traditional roles: Blame-worthiness attribution (assumes women are less blameworthy based on her role as caretaker and statistically lower recidivism rate) & Bounded rationality (judges use when making their sentencing decisions; without sufficient information, judges may rely on stereotypes of groups). Cites Koons-Witt 2002, who found that, after accounting for personal characteristics of offenders based on gender roles, such as responsibility for child care, the impact of gender on sentencing decisions is diminished. Women w/ kids got less time, before sentencing guidelines were implemented. Cites Jeffries et al 2003 found that, after controlling for child care, women were still sentenced more leniently than men. Even after the implementation of determinate sentencing, judges are more apt to consider extralegal factors for women when making sentencing decisions. Used data from National Corrections Reporting Program, US DOJ 1998-2010, which included admissions and release info for 38 states, the California Youth Authority and the BOP. Condensed all categories down to 5: rape, statutory rape, sexual assault, child sexual assault and forcible sodomy. Took random sample of 3,000 cases from males and from females. Data showed that most cases for both gender was Sexual Assault, but all other cases showed relatively even distribution between genders, w/ exception of Statutory Rape; women accounted for 65.2% of these offenders. Factorial ANOVA showed that, not only do the variables Sex and Offense display significant differences between groups, but the interaction between the 2 variables also shows significant difference with regard to sentence length. Found significant differences in mean sentence length by gender for Rape, Child Sexual Assault and Forcible Sodomy; men are sentenced to longer prison terms | ||||||||
| Erickson, C.L., & Olson, S.K. | 2015 | Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse With a Special Focus on Female Offenders | Doctoral dissertation | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Used data collected at a Midwestern US child resource center in 1992. N=104 cases and 8.9% of the perps were female | ||||||||
| Erickson, Pamela I., and Andrea J. Rapkin | 1991 | Unwanted sexual experiences among middle and high school youth | Journal of Adolescent Health | 12, no. 4 (1991): 319-325 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Genders were similar regarding partner pressure and the influence of drugs and alcohol. Students who reported having had an unwanted sexual experience were more likely to report current risk taking behaviors, school problems, and health problems and those who had been physically forced were less likely to be currently sexually active and scored lower on a measure of current substance use than those who were not forced. | ||||||||
| Erickson,Pamela I & Andrea J Rapkin | 1991 | "Unwanted sexual experiences among middle and high school youth." | Journal of Adolescent Health | 12 no 4 319-325 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Genders were similar regarding partner pressure and the influence of drugs and alcohol. Students who reported having had an unwanted sexual experience were more likely to report current risk taking behaviors, school problems, and health problems and those who had been physically forced were less likely to be currently sexually active and scored lower on a measure of current substance use than those who were not forced. | ||||||||
| Erooga, M. | 2009 | Towards safer organisations: adults who pose a risk to children in the workplace and implications for recruitment and selection | London: SPCC | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Erooga, M., & Masson, H. C. | 1999 | Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses | London: Routledge | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Erulkar,A.S. | 2004 | The experience of sexual coercion among young in Kenya | International Family Planning Perspectives | 182-189 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 11% of males reported experiencing sexxual coercion, these effects were observed for victims of both 7 and 12 years old while it was expected only for the 12 year old victims. | ||||||||
| Esnard, Catherine, and Rafaele Dumas | 2012 | Perceptions of male victim blame in a child sexual abuse case: effects of gender, age and need for closure | Psychology, Crime & Law | ahead-of-print (2012): 1-28 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 384 French respondents read through a sexual abuse scenario in which the child victim's gender, perpetrator's gender and victim's age (7 vs. 12 years old) were manipulated. As expected, male respondents blamed the victim more than female respondents did, especially when the victim was a boy. Furthermore, male respondents blamed the perpetrator less than female respondents did, especially when the perpetrator was a woman and the victim a boy. However, these effects were observed for victims of both 7 and 12 years old while it was expected only for the 12-year-old victims. | ||||||||
| Espelage, D.L., Basile, K.C., & Hamburger, M.E. | 2012 | Bullying perpetration and subsequent sexual violence perpetration among middle school students. | Journal of Adolescent Health | 50(1), 60-65 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=1,391 female & male students grades 5-8 in American Midwest; 22% of female students reported making sexual comments to other students, 7% spread sexual rumors about another person, 2% of girls pulled at another person's clothing. Behavior at this age appeared to be a form of homophobic bullying | ||||||||
| Espelage, D.L.,&De La Rue, L. | 2013 | Examining Predictors of Bullying and Sexual Violence Perpetration Among Middle School Female Students | Perceptions of Female Offenders | 25-45 | Springer New York | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| N=576 female middle school students (grades 5-7, ages 11-15), American Midwest; used longitudinal study to see if there was an association between being a bully and perpetrating sexual harassment. Measured whether they made sexual comments, spread sexual rumors, groped other's clothing. 28% of the girls made sexual comments during last year. Predictors of sexual harassment were dismissive attitudes towards it and past perpetration of sexual harassment. Bullying was predicted by sibling aggression and delinquency; the two did not overlap. | ||||||||
| Etherington, K. | 1999 | Maternal sexual abuse of males | Child Abuse Review | 6(2), 107-117 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Euser,E.M., van Ijzendoorn, M.H., Prinzie,P.,, &Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. | 2010 | Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands. | Child Maltreatment | 15(1), 5-17 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| 2010 prevalence of CSA in residential/foster care; N=329 adolescents filled out self-report; 79 reported victimization while in care; 32% reported their perpetrator was female. Also asked staff, who reported that there were 161 victims of CSA and 3% of the perps were female. (in other words, kids weren't reporting it and they were definitely under-reporting the victimization by females) | ||||||||
| Evans, Kathleen. | 2012 | Media Representations of Male and Female ‘Co-Offending’: How female offenders are portrayed in comparison to their male counterparts | Internet Journal of Criminology | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Evans, Nikki Philippa Cosgrove, Bron Moth & Joanne Hewitson | Adolescent females who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviour: A survey for the STOP Adolescent Programme | Child/adolescent perp | ||||||
| Evert, K. | 1987 | When You're Ready. A Woman's Healing from Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse by Her Mother | Walnut Creek, CA: Launch Press | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Fagen, J.L., & Anderson, P.B. | 2012 | Contstruction masculinity in response to women's sexual advances | Archives of sexual behavior | 41(1) 261-270 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=20 males who reported a history of unwanted sexual interactions with females. Author theorized that males may set limitations on women's sexual advances in order to feel a sense of agency as demanded by traditional gendered sexual scripts. | ||||||||
| Fair, Cynthia D. & Jennifer Vanyur | 2011 | Sexual Coercion, Verbal Aggression, and Condom Use Consistency Among College Students | Journal of American College Health | 59 (4) 2011 273-280 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 17% of the college women reported engaging in sexual coercion with male partners. 35.5% of the college males reported experiencing sexual coercion from their female partners. There | ||||||||
| Faller, K. | 1995 | A clinical sample of women who have sexually abused children | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 4(3), 13-30 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| used a clinical sample 72 female sex offenders so they had a high level of impairment: 32% had some type of mental illness. 75% of the victims were related to the perp. | ||||||||
| Faller, K. C. | 1987 | Women who sexually abuse children | Violence & Victims | 2(4), 263-276 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used a clinical sample of 40 female sex offenders so they had a high level of impairment: 18% had “psychotic features”, 33% were mentally retarded or had brain damage. Average victim age was <12 yrs. (women made up 14% of the sex offenders from sample from child abuse treatment center in Michigan) 90% of the victims were related to the perp. | ||||||||
| Faller, K. C. | 1988 | The spectrum of sexual abuse in daycare: An exploratory study | Journal of Family Violence | 3(4), 283-298 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Faller, K. C. | 1991 | Polyincestuous families: An exploratory study | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 6(3), 310-322 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 39% of the perpetrators were female, 69% of the cases involved female/male co-offending. In this study, group offending was more common with the mean # of identified perps per case at 3 people. About half the cases involved victimization of both male and female offspring. 1/3 of cases involved offense supportive cognitive distortions. | ||||||||
| Faller, K.C. | 1989 | Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boys and girl victims differ | Child Abuse and Neglect | 13, 281-291. | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Faller,K. | 1995 | A clinical sample of women who have sexually abused children | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 4(3), 13-30 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| used a clinical sample 72 female sex offenders so they had a high level of impairment: 32% had some type of mental illness. 75% of the victims were related to the perp. | ||||||||
| Fanetti, M., Kobayashi, I., & Mitchell, DW. | 2008 | The effects of gender on decisions of guilt in cases of alleged child sexual abuse. | American Journal of Forensic Psychology | 26 (4) 31-40 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Farina, K. A. and Mahoney, M. | 2014 | Juvenile Sex Offenders | The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice | 1–3 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Fater,K.,&Mullaney,J.A. | 2000 | The lived experience of adult male survivors who allege choldhood sexual abuse by clergy. | Issues in Mental Health Nursing | 21(3), 281-295 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Fazel, S., Sjostedt, G., Grann, M,. & Langstrom, M. | 2010 | Sexual Offending in Women and Psychiatric Disorder: A National Case-Control Study | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 39 (1), 161-167 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Fedoroff, P. J., & Fishell, A. | 1999 | Paraphilic and other unconventional sexual disorders in girls and women | Women’s Health: A Behavioral Medicine Approach | Oxford: Oxford Press | Palace, E. M. | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Fedoroff, P.J., Fishell, A., & Fedoroff, B. | 1999 | A case series of women evaluated for paraphilic sexual disorders | The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality | 8(2), 127-139 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Fehlow, P. | 1975 | The female sexual delinquent | Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinishche Psychologie (Leipz) | 27(10), 612-618 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Fehrenbach, P. A. & Monastersky, C. | 1988 | Characteristics of female adolescent sexual offenders | American Journal of Orthopsychiatry | 58(1), 148-151 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Uses descriptive data from 28 of teenage girls who committed sexual offenses without male co-offenders. They found to have molested children of both genders with more female than male victims, often while babysitting. 15 committed rape (penetration), 13 committed ‘indecent liberties” (sexual assault w/o penetration), 36% had male victims, 57% had female victims. | ||||||||
| Feiring,C., Taska, L., & Lewi | 1996 | A process model for understanding adaptation to sexual abuse. The role of shame in defining stigmatizaion. | Child abuse & neglect | 20(8), 767-782 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Felson, R.B., & Cundiff, P.R. | 2014 | Seuxal assault as a crime against young people. | Archives of sexual behavior | 43(2) 273-284 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Ferguson, C. and Meehan, D. | 2005 | An Analysis of Females Convicted of Sex Crimes in the State of Florida. | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 14 (1), 75-90 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Fiebert, M. S., & Tucci, M. | 1998 | Sexual coercion: Men victimized by women | Journal of Men's Studies | 6(2), 127-133 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| 12-item inventory designed to assess mild, moderate, and severe forms of sexual coercion was administered to an ethnically diverse sample of 182 college men at California State University, Long Beach. Results reveal that 70% of subjects reported experiencing some form of sexual coercion within the past five years. Mild and moderate forms of sexual coercion were most commonly experienced. Younger men were somewhat more likely than older men to report being sexually coerced. An ethnic difference in response was found on one item. | ||||||||
| Fiebert, M.S. & Osburn, K | 2001 | Effect of gender and ethnicity on self-reports of mild, moderate, and severe sexual coercion | Sexuality and Culture | 5(2), 3-11 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=452 college students; used Revised Conflicts Tactics Scale (items include coercion up to threats and violence). Males were more likely to report having experienced sexual coercion (all levels including severe/use of force). Females were more likely to report feeling 'sexually taken advantage of', which may be an artefact of gender role expectations in the reporting. | ||||||||
| Fieldman, J.P., & Crespi, T. | 2002 | Child sexual abuse: Offenders, disclosure and school-based initiatives | Adolescence | Volume 37(145), 2002, 151-160 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| FIFTAL-ALARID, LEANNE | 2000 | Sexual Assault and Coercion among Incarcerated Women Prisoners: excerpts from prison letters | The Prison Journal | 2000; 80; 391 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| There are few existing studies that address sexual misconduct of women offenders toward other women prisoners. This qualitative study examined themes of sexual coercion and sexual assault among women offenders that surfaced in letters sent by one woman offender from prison during a period of 5 years. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) female apathy toward sexual coercion and sexual assault, (b) the femme as the sexual aggressor, (c) insight into one female rape situation, and (d) institutional factors contributing to sexual coercion. To prevent incidences of sexual assault by other offenders, policy suggestions specific to the study included a staff focus on identifying and consistently curbing sexual coercion and installing monitored cameras in restriction dorms. Academic experts in the area of female prisoner subcultures have only recently acknowledged the possibility of female prisoner sexual assault (Bowker, 1981, 1982; Pollock-Byrne, 1990). Two known studies were conducted by Cindy and Dave Struckman-Johnson in 1994 and 1998. The first study was conducted statewide in three men’s prisons and one female prison in Nebraska. The study found, via anonymous mail surveys, that 22.0% of men and 7.7% of women reported that they experienced being “pressured or forced into sexual contact in a state prison facility” (Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, Rucker, Bumby, & Donaldson, 1996, p. 74).2 Of this number, only 29% of prisoners actually reported the incident to prison staff. A follow-up study was conducted in 1998 with 2,051 inmates and 518 staff members at seven men’s prisons and three female prison units in other mid-western states. The researchers found that the sexual coercion rates reported by female inmates (those who reported at least one incident of sexual coercion) varied among the three facilities: at 6%, 8%, and 19% (Struckman-Johnson & Struckman-Johnson, 1999, 2000). A second major finding was that between 55% and 80% of all sexual coercion in the three women’s units was committed by other women offenders, which is notably more than that committed by correctional staff. | ||||||||
| Finch, S.M. | 1973 | Sexual abuse by mothers | Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality | 7(1), 191 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Finkelhor, D. | 1981 | Sex between siblings: Sex play, incest and aggression | Children and sex | (1981): 129-149 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Finkelhor, D. | 1986 | A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse | Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Finkelhor, D. | 1994 | Current Information on the scope and nature of child sexual abuse. | The Future of Children | 4(2), 31-53 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Finkelhor, D., & Russell, D. | 1984 | Women as perpetrators: Review of the evidence | Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research | 171-187 | New York: Free Press | Finkelhor, D. | Child victim, adult perp | |
| “best estimates, based on a variety of surveys of the general population, put the percentage of sexual contacts by older females to be about 20% for male children and 5% for female children” p. 177. | ||||||||
| Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. | 1990 | Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors | Child Abuse and Neglect | 14(1), 19-28 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=1,481 women in telephone survey about their sexual victimization histories; about 1% were victimized by other women. N=1,145 men reported 17% of their perps were women. | ||||||||
| Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K.J., & Wolak. J. | 2000 | Online Victimization: A Report on the Nation's Youth [148] | National Center for Missing and Exploited Children | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Finkelhor, D., Williams, L. M., & Burns, N. | 1988 | Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in day care | Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| looked at 271 day care center sexual abuse cases; perp was female in 40% of cases | ||||||||
| Fintel, TR. | 2007 | Demonstrating the criterion-related validity of the Multiphasic sex inventory (adult female form): a comparison of adult female sex offenders and female non-sex offenders | Unpublished dissertation | University of Louisville | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Fischer, G. J. | 1991 | Is Lesser Severity of Child Sexual Abuse a Reason More Males Report Having Liked It? | Sexual Abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment | 4(2), 131-139 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Fischer,G.J. | 1992 | Gender differences in college st | Annals of Sex Research | 4 5 215-226 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=796 college students completed anonymous sex survey about their histories of sexual victimization. 14% of women were abused by another female, most commonly a baby-sitter, 64% of males were abused by a female and 38% of male victims experienced incestuous abuse rather than abuse by a non-relative. | ||||||||
| Fisher, Nicola L., and Afroditi Pina | 2012 | An overview of the literature on female-perpetrated adult male sexual victimization | Aggression and Violent Behavior | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| The rape of women has been an issue of concern in research literature for the past 40 years. Conversely, rape against men has only relatively recently received investigation. The current paper reviews the existing research literature regarding male rape and sexual assault, with particular emphasis on female perpetrated male sexual victimization. The review covers issues regarding biased legal definitions, rape myths, feminist theory, and stereotypical or negative beliefs; all of which create a problematic social environment for male victims of female perpetrated assault to report crimes. The review also discusses the prevalence of female perpetrated attacks against men, with evidence from self-reports by female sex offenders to highlight the existence of male sexual victimization and the aggressive manner in which the sexual activity is committed. The review concludes that male sexual victimization by women should be taken as seriously as that of women by men. Highlights ► A succinct overview of literature on female perpetrated adult sexual victimization. ► We discuss issues around the definition of rape and the use of gendered language. ► Rape myths affect recognition and reporting of male sexual victimization by females. ► Increasing acceptance and recognition of female perpetrated sexual assault. ► Need for provision of appropriate outlets and support for male victims of females. | ||||||||
| Fisher, T. D., & Walters, A. S. | 2003 | Variables in addition to gender that help to explain differences in perceived sexual interest | Psychology of Men & Masculinity | 4(2), 154 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| FitzRoy, L. | 1995 | Mother/Rapist: Women’s experience of child sexual assault perpetrated by their biological or adoptive mothers | unpublished Masters Thesis | La Trobe University, Melbourne | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| FitzRoy, L. | 1997 | Mother/daughter rape: A challenge for feminism | Women’s encounters with violence: Australian experiences | 40-54 | Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage | S. Cook & J. Bessant | Child victim, adult perp | |
| FitzRoy, L. | 1998 | Offending Mothers: Theorizing in a Feminist Minefield | SECASA, Australia | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| FitzRoy, L. | 1998 | Offending Women: Conversations with Workers | SECASA, Australia | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| FitzRoy, L. | 2005 | Violent Women?: An explorative study of women's use of violence | Unpublished Doctoral Thesis | La Trobe Univeristy, Melbourne | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Flinck, A., & Paavilainen, E. | 2010 | Women's Experiences of Their Violent Behavior in an Intimate Partner Relationship | Qualitative Health Research | 20(3), 306-318 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Flowers, R. B. | 1995 | Female Crime, Criminals, and Cellmates: An Exploration of Female Criminality and Delinquency | Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Pages 96-100 on Mother-child incest (estimates 2% of all incest) then focuses on mothers who tolerate sexual victimization of the child by others. | ||||||||
| Forbes, J. | 1992 | Female sexual abusers: The contemporary search for equivalence | Practice | 6, 102-111 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Ford, H. | 2006 | Women who sexually abuse children | Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Ford, H., & Corton, F. | 1997 | Sexual Deviance in Females: Assessment & Treatment | Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment | 486-507 | New York: The Guilford Press | D. R. Laws & W. T. Donohue | Assessment or treatment related | |
| Ford, T. M., Liwag-McLamb, M. G., & Foley, L. A. | 1998 | Perceptions of rape based on sex and sexual orientation of victim | Journal of Social Behavior & Personality | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| N-108 college students, vignette of rape, victim’s sex and sexual orientation varied. Female victims were viewed as having more responsibility of they were heterosexual and raped by a male (suggesting the ‘just world’ myth was at work). Male victims were viewed as more responsible if they were homosexual and raped by a male | ||||||||
| Forke CM, Myers, RK, Catallozzi M & Schwarz DF | 2008 | Relationship violence among female and male college undergraduate students | Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine | 162 (7) 634-641 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=910 college students, 27.2% males reported victimization. 11.3% of males reported a history of physical victimization, 13.9% reported a history of sexual victimization, 19% reported a history of emotional victimization. 19.4% of the women reported a history of perpetrating physical violence, 1.8% reported a history of sexual violence perpetration & 7.3% admitted to perpetrating emotional abuse. Most offences were by/against a partner. | ||||||||
| Fortenberry, J. Dennis & Robert F. Hill | 1986 | Sister-sister incest as a manifestation of multigenerational sexual abuse | Journal of Adolescent Health Care | 7, 3, 1986, 202–204 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Forward,S & Buck, C. | 1988 | Betrayal of Innocence | Incest and its Devastation | Penguin Books | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Fowler, Carol,, Burns, S. R., & Roehl, J. E. | 1983 | Counseling the incest offender | International journal of family therapy | 5(2), 92-97 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Noted that 80% of the incest offender in their study had been physically or sexually abused as children. | ||||||||
| Franklin C.A., & Fearn, N.E. | 2008 | Gender race, and formal court d | Journal of Criminal Justice | 36(3), 279-290 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| White females are viewed as more amenable to treatmentthan non-white females. | ||||||||
| Freedner,N., Freed,L.H.,yan | 2002 | Dating violence among gay,lesbian,and bisexual adolescents: Results from a community survey. | Journal of Adolescent Health | 31(6), 469-474 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . N=521 GBL adolescents filled out self-report survey at a rally. Found that 14.5-21.9% of the non-heterosexual females reported sexual victimization by an inmate partner. | ||||||||
| Freel, M. | 1995 | Women Who Sexually Abuse Children | Norwich: Social Work Monographs | University of East Anglia | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used self-report questionnaire, N=183 childcare workers from UK (92 female, 91 male). 4% of female workers reported sexual interest in children, 2% of women answered anything other than negative (unsure to strongly agree) to the question “I would have sex with a child if it was certain no one would find out and there would be no punishment” | ||||||||
| Freel, M. | 2003 | Child Sexual Abuse and the Male Monopoly: An Empirical Exploration of Gender and a Sexual Interest in Children | British Journal of Social Work | 33, 481-498 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Freeman, N. J., Sandler, J. C. | 2007 | Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Recidivism Patterns and Risk Factors | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 23, 1394-1413 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Frei, A. | 2007 | Media considerations of female sex offenders: a content analysis of US new paper reporting from 1975-2006 | Paper presented at the annual meeting | AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY, Atlanta Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, Georgia | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Frei,A. | 2008 | Media consideration of sex offenders: How community response shapes a gendered perspective | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology | 52, 495-498 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Media portrayal of female offenders often focuses on emotionally fragile" teacher-lover situations, which represent a small proportion of actual female sex offender cases | ||||||||
| French,B.H., Tilghman, J.D. & Malebranche, D.A. | 2014 | Seuxal coercion context and psychosocial correlates among diverse males | Psychology of Men & Masculinity | 1642-53 42-53 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=284 diverse high school & college males from Midwest, ages 14-26. 43% experienced sexual coercion; 31% experienced verbal coercion, 18% experienced physical coercion. 95% reported the perpetrator was female. Consequences include greater sexual risk taking, alcohol use and psychological distress. | ||||||||
| Freund, K., Heasman, G., Racansky, I. G., & Glancy, G. | 1984 | Pedophilia and heterosexuality vs. homosexuality | Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy | 10(3), 193-200 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| note - 'pedophilia...does not exist at all in women' p.193 | ||||||||
| Frey, L.L. | 2006 | Girls don’t do that, do they? Adolescent females who sexually abuse. | Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems | 255-272 | Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press | R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott | Child/adolescent perp | |
| Frieden, J. | (2003, November | Female sexual abuse of boys often goes unreported | Clinical Psychiatry News | ‘1-5 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Friedman,S.H | 2015 | Realistic Consideration of Women and Violence is Critical | Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. | 43(3), 273-276 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Noted that women are responsible for 15-20% of child sexual victimization but are under-represented in prisons for this due to socio-cultural misconceptions, notes that most treatment programs assume the perp is male. | ||||||||
| Fritz, G. S., Stoll, K. & Wagner, N. N. | 1981 | A comparison of males and females who were sexually molested as children | Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy | 7(1), 54-59 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Frketic, Kristina & Easteal, Patricia L | 2010 | Public Perception of Teachers’ sexual misconduct: does the sex of the teacher make a difference? | Alternative Law Journal | 35 (3), 2010, pp142-146 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Found evidence of gendered views about sexual misconduct. There is increased likelihood that the conduct is regarded as more serious if the student is female, given a perception that the female experiences more negative impacts. Greater blame is placed on a male teacher who has a sexual relationship with a female student | ||||||||
| Fromuth, M. E., & Burkhart, B. R. | 1989 | Long-term psychological correlates of childhood sexual abuse in two samples of college men | Child Abuse and Neglect | 13(4), 533-542 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Fromuth, M. E., & Conn, V. E. | 1997 | Hidden perpetrators; Sexual molestation in a non-clinical sample of college women | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 12(3), 456-465 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=546 female college students, 22 committed 1 or more acts of child sexual abuse, mostly before age of 14, mostly with only 1 victim, 2 used force (9%), 4 used bribes (18%; grooming), none were reported to police. 4 of the women admitted to having fantasized about children (18% deviant sexual arousal). Average victim age was 7 years, many victims were related (siblings, cousins). 86% did not view their behavior as abusive, 66% did not think their behavior had a negative effect on the victim. | ||||||||
| Fromuth, M. E., & Holt, A. R. | 2008 | Perception of teacher sexual misconduct by age of student | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 17(2), 163-179 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Fromuth, Mary Ellen, Aimee Holt, and April L. Parker | 2002 | Factors affecting college students' perceptions of sexual relationships between high school students and teachers | Journal of Child sexual abuse | 10, no. 3 (2002): 59-73 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| The male teacher/female student combination was viewed more negatively than the female teacher/male student pairing | ||||||||
| Fuchs, Siegmund Fred | 2004 | Male sexual assault: issues of arousal and consent | Cleveland State Law Review | 51 (2004): 93 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Gabbard, G. O., & Twemlow, S. W. | 1994 | The role of mother-son incest in the pathogenesis of narcissistic personality disorder | Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association | 42(1), 171-189 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gabbard, G. O., Twemlow, S. W. | 1994 | The Role of Mother-Son Incest in The Pathogenesis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder | Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association | 42(1), 171-189 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gaes. Gerald G. and Andrew L. Goldberg | 38056 | Prison Rape: A Critical Review of the Literature National Institute of Justice | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| Studies Involving Primarily Men, or Men and Women. Studies by Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, Rucker, Bumby, and Donaldson (1996), Struckman-Johnson and Struckman-Johnson (2000), Davis (1968), Nacci and Kane (1982, 1983, 1984), Saum, Surratt, Inciardi, and Bennet (1995), Tewksbury (1989), Maitland and Sluder (1998), Wooden and Parker (1982), Lockwood (1980), Toch (1977), Hensley, Tewksbury, and Castle (2003), Carroll (1977), Chonco (1989), Moss, Hosford, and Anderson (1979), Butler, Donovan, Levy, and Kaldor (2002), Fuller and Orsagh (1977), Butler and Milner (2003), Forst, Fagan, and Vivona (1989), and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (1997) reported on primarily male samples, or a combination of female and male samples. The Butler and Milner and Butler et al., studies were conducted as part of a larger health assessment in the prison system in New South Wales, Australia. Details of each of these studies are covered in the full report. Studies Involving Exclusively Women – Coerced Sex among Women. Struckman-Johnson and Struckman-Johnson (2002), and Alarid (2000) reported on exclusively female samples. These studies are reviewed in detail in the full report. There is also a great deal of research on consensual sex among women that is mentioned, but not reviewed in the report. The Problem of Validity. Unlike some other assessments of sensitive and stigmatized behaviors such as sexual practices and legal abortions, there is no way to directly measure the veracity of the self-reported prison sexual victimization. We propose two models that use other information about drug use, the level of blood borne infectious disease, and the level of sexual victimization to try to establish the validity of the data at the individual or institution level, after a large scale survey has been conducted. This method will not provide an independent validity check on the actual proportion of sexual victimization. It will, however, provide some assurance that the relative ranking of prisons, from best to worst, has some validity. | ||||||||
| Gakhal, B.K. and Brown, S.J. | 2011 | A Comparison of the general public's, forensic professionals' and students' attitudes towards female sex offenders | Journal of sexual aggression | volume 17 (1): 105-116 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gallagher, B. | 2000 | The extent and nature of known cases of institutional child sexual abuse. | British Journal of Social Work | 30(6), 795-817 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gallop, R. | 1998 | Abuse of power in the nurse-client relationship | Nursing Standard | 12(37), 43-47 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gamez-Guadix, M., & Straus, M. | 2009 | Childhood and adolescent victimization and sexual coercion and assault by male and female university students. ID91 - PR91- Victimization Sexual Coercion - Gamez S.pdf | Family Research Laboratory | University of New Hampshire, Dunham, NH 03824 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N= 13,877 students at 68 universities in 32 nations. 19/6% of females self reported using verbal coercion tactics for sex. | ||||||||
| Gannon, T. | 2010 | A re-examination of female child molesters' implicit theories: evidence of female specificity? | Psychology, Crime & Law | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Gannon, T. A., & Cortoni, F. | 2010 | Female Sexual Offenders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment | Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. | 2008 | Female child sexual offenders: Towards, integrating theory and practice | Aggression and Violent behaviour | 21, 194-207 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R. | 2009 | Offense-Related Interpretative Bias in Female Child Molesters: A Preliminary Study | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 21, 194-207 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=19 British F.S.O.s compared to 18 British non-sexual female offenders. F.S.O.s were more likely than controls to view males as threatening, regardless of whether they offended with a male partner or not. (Need to find other research on this phenomenon of women viewing ambiguous info on males in a way that interprets males as dangerous—is it the corollary to the male propensity to view women’s ambiguous behaviour as sexual?) | ||||||||
| Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R., & Ward, T. | 2008 | A descriptive model of the offence process for female sexual offenders | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 20, 352-374 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=22 female sexual offenders, had a total of 38 victims (13 male, 25 female victims; 9 adult victims & 29 child victims). 47% of the victims were relatives. 50% of the women offended with a male partner (only 23% were ‘coerced’), 27% offended alone and 23% as part of a group of 3 or more people. | ||||||||
| Gannon, T. A., Hoare, J. A., Rose, M. R., & Parrett, N. | 2012 | A re-examination of female child molesters’ implicit theories: evidence of female specificity? | Psychology, Crime & Law | 18(2), 209-224 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=16 British F.S.O.s, had offense supportive cognitive distortions including Uncontrolability, Males as Dangerous, Victims as Sexual, Males as Harmful and Males as Entitled (factors help women co-offend with males) | ||||||||
| Gannon, T. A., Rose, M. R., & Ward, T. | in press | Pathways to female sexual offending: A preliminary study | Psychology Crime and Law | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Gannon, T. A., Rose, M. R., & Williams, S. E. | 2009 | Do female child molesters hold implicit associations between children and sex? A preliminary investigation | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 15, 55-61 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=17 British F.S.O.s weren’t any more likely than British female non-sexual offenders to associated kids with sex | ||||||||
| Gannon, T.A. & Alleyne, E. | 2013 | Female Sexual Abusers’ Cognition: A Systematic Review | Trauma Violence & Abuse | 14 (1) 67-79 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gannon, T.A., Waugh, G.; Taylor, K.; Blanchette, K.; O'Connor, A., Blake, E. & Ó’ Ciardha, C. | 2013 | Women who Sexually Offend Display Three Main Offense Styles: A Re-Examination of the Descriptive Model of Female Sexual Offending | Sex Abuse May | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| This study examined a theory constructed to describe the offense process of women who sexually offend—the Descriptive Model of Female Sexual Offending (DMFSO). In particular, this report sets out to establish whether the original three pathways (or offending styles) identified within United Kingdom convicted female sexual offenders and described within the DMFSO (i.e., Explicit-Approach, Directed-Avoidant, Implicit-Disorganized) were applicable to a small sample (N = 36) of North American women convicted of sexual offending. Two independent raters examined the offense narratives of the sample and—using the DMFSO—coded each script according to whether it fitted one of the three original pathways. Results suggested that the three existing pathways of the DMFSO represented a reasonable description of offense pathways for a sample of North American women convicted of sexual offending. No new pathways were identified. A new “Offense Pathway Checklist” devised. | ||||||||
| Garnefski, N., & Arends, E. | 1998 | Sexual abuse and adolescent maladjustment: Differences between male and female victims | Journal of Adolescence | 21, 99–107. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Garnefski,N., Diekstra,R.F. | 1992 | A population-based survey of he characteristics of high school students with and without a history of suicidal behavior. | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | 86(3), 189-196 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Gavin, H. | 2009 | Mummy wouldn’t do that the perception and construction of the female child sex abuser. | Evil, Women and the Feminine | 1-3 May 2009 | Budapest, Hungary. | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Gibb, T. W. | 1894 | Indecent assault upon children | A system of legal medicine | 649-657 | New York: E.B. Treat | A. M. Hamilton & L. Godkin | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |
| Gibson, Camille, and Donna M. Vandiver | 2008 | Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know | Greenwood Publishing Group | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Giguere, R., & Bumby, K. | 2007 | Female sex offenders [189] | Center for Sex Offender Management | USA | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Women account for 1% of incarcerated sex offenders in the U.S. | ||||||||
| Gil,S | 2014 | Male Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse by a Male or Female Perpetrator | Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders and Treatment | 3,3.2 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=58 male survivors of sexual abuse by male perps, N=39 survivors of sexual abuse by female perps. Victims were abused by male perps as a significantly younger age than by female perps which may account for the higher rate of psychiatric diagnosis in the victims of male perps. The victims of female perps had high amounts of fear of merger and fear of abandonment as well as high amounts of extraversion and agreeableness, which might reflect a coping strategy. Their perpetrators were mostly biological mothers or stepmothers. | ||||||||
| Gilgun,Jane | 2010 | What child sexual abuse means to a women and girl perpetrators | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Gill,M., & Tutty, L.M. | 1998 | Sexual identity issues for male s | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 6(3) 31-47 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=10 males (ages 27-50) who had history of sexual victimization as children, 1 by a female and 5 by female and male perps. | ||||||||
| Gillespie,S.M., Williams,R., Elliott,I.A., Eldridge, H.J., Ashfield,S., &Beech,A.R. | 2015 | Characteristics of females who sexually offend: A comparision of solo and co-offenders | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 27 284-301 doi: 10.1177/1079063214556358 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Compared British solo FSOs to FSO's with co-offenders (N=20 each group), included contact and non-contact offenders. Assessed for presence/absence of offense supportive cognitions, presence of (self-reported) negative developmental factors, self-regulation, association with antisocial peers, offense history, sexual dis-satisfaction, abusive fantasies, intimacy and power needs, treatment readiness, etc. Solo offenders were more likely to go to criminal court compared to Co-offenders. In terms of the ratio of contact to non-contact offenses, Solo offenders had far fewer non-contact offenses; 75% contact offenses and 15% non-contact offenses; Co-offenders had 60 % contact offenses and 40% non-contact offenses (facilitating, aiding/abetting, making and distributing child porn). In terms of relationship with victims, Solos were more likely to have an extra-familial victim (60%:40%) while Co-offenders were more likely to have an intra-familial victim (85%:15%). 10% of FSO Co-offenders had a female partner (either single female co-offender or both a female and a male co-offender). Not all Co-offenders were romantic partners; 5% were an acquaintance and 5% were strangers. Found no difference between the Solo and Co-offending groups for developmental issues (self-reported histories of abuse, etc.) or for psychological dispositions (offense supportive beliefs, etc.). Found that Solo offenders scored higher in measures of sexual dis-satisfaction, denial of current offense and other personal/ environmental factors. Also found that Solo offenders scored higher in measure of Offense Preceding factors, including abusive fantasies, greater need for intimacy, greater need for power/dominance and higher levels of planning. Co-Offenders scored higher in measure of being involved with sexual offenders. Also found that Solo offenders had higher scores on treatment supportive factors subscale. The two types of offenders did not differ in terms of holding offense supportive beliefs and thoughts (children are sexual beings who aren't harmed by sex with adult, etc.). Authors suggested that treatment of Solo FSOs should include looking at pre-offense issues like sexual dissatisfaction, denial, abusive fantasies, needs for intimacy/power, while Co-offending FSOs may need more focus on their involvement with known offenders. | ||||||||
| Girshick, L. B. | 2002 | Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? | Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Glasser, M., Kolvin, L., Campbell, D., Glasser, A., Leitch, I & Farrelly, S. | 2001 | Cycle of child sexual abuse; links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator, [192] | British Journal of Psychiatry | 179, 482-494 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| A high percentage of male subjects abused in childhood by a female relative became perpetrators. | ||||||||
| Glasser,M., Kolvin,L.,, Campbell,D., Glasser,A.,Leitch, I & Farrelly,S. | 2001 | Cycle of child sexual abuse; lins between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator | British Journal of Psychiatry | 179, 482-494 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| A high percentage of male subjects abused in childhood by a female relative became perpetrators | ||||||||
| Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. | 1999 | The ambivalence toward men inventory | Psychology of Women Quarterly | 23(3), 519-536. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| We present a measure, the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory (AMI), that differentiates between women's hostile and benevolent prejudices and stereotypes about men. The Hostility toward Men (HM) and Benevolence toward Men (BM) subscales of the AMI tap conventional attitudes toward men that have opposing valences. Each subscale assesses sub-factors concerning men's power, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. Three studies with predominately White, male and female participants (two with undergraduates and one with a community sample) establish the factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity of the AMI. The AMI was strongly related to its sister scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and to two established scales of attitudes toward men (Downs & Engleson, 1982; Iazzo, 1983). Only the AMI, however, successfully distinguished between subjectively positive and subjectively negative beliefs about men. A copy of the 20-item AMI is provided as a tool for further exploration of women's ambivalence toward men. | ||||||||
| Goldberg Edelson, Meredyth | 2012 | Why Have All the Boys Gone? Gender Differences in Prosecution Acceptance of Child Sexual Abuse Cases | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 25(5) 461– 481 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Notes that Child Sexual Abuse cases referred by the police to the DA are not necessarily accepted for prosecution and there appears to be gender differences related to this. Author compared acceptance rates of DA to expected frequencies based on available literature on abuse and on data from Child Abuse Assessment Center. The final combined sample included 172 children, 137 females and 34 males, average age 9.5 yrs. Found that the ratio of male/female victim cases accepted by the DA didn’t match the base rate of the literature or the referrals coming out of the Child Abuse Assessment Center; there were fewer male victim cases than expected; male cases of child sexual abuse were less likely than female cases to be taken up for prosecution by the DA’s office. Wasn’t due to the males being too young to testify (9 .7 yrs vs 8.5 yrs). | ||||||||
| Goldman, L. L. | 1993 | Female Sex Offenders: Societal Avoidance of Comprehending the Phenomenon of Women Who Sexually Abuse Children | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology. (University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI) | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Goodman, D. | 1976 | The Behavior of Hypersexual Delinquent Girls | American Journal of Psychiatry | 133(6), 663 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. | 1979 | Mother-daughter incest | Child Abuse & Neglect | 3, 953-957 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P. | 1989 | Female homosexuality: A sequel to mother-daughter incest | Sexual Abuse: Incest Victims and Their Families | 140-146 | J. M. Goodwin | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc. | ||||||||
| Grabell, A. S., & Knight, R. A. | 2009 | Examining childhood abuse patterns and sensitive periods in juvenile sexual offenders | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 21(2), 208-222 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| In adult sexual offenders, studies have found that the relation of sexual abuse to sexual coercion is mediated by sexually related deviant cognitions. In this study it is hypothesized that this link will be found in juvenile sexual offenders when their sexual abuse history is stratified into discrete developmental epochs. It is further hypothesized that the age range of 3 to 7 years, when children rapidly acquire inhibition and cognitive flexibility skills, will be the most potent predictor. A sample of 193 juvenile sexual offenders is used to examine whether sexual abuse specifically in this discrete period, as opposed to other periods, predicts subsequent sexual fantasy. The results confirm that sexual abuse correlates with later adolescent sexual fantasy only during the 3- to 7-year epoch. This study should be replicated with female offenders. | ||||||||
| Graham, A. | 2007 | Simply sexual: The discrepancy in treatment between male and female sex offenders [196] | Whittier Journal of Child & Family Advocacy | 0, 145 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Graham, Ruth | 2006 | Male rape and the careful construction of the male victim | Social & Legal Studies | 15 (2) 2006: 187-208 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Grattagliano, Ignazio, Jessica N. Owens, Robert J. Morton, Carlo P. Campobasso, Felice Carabellese, and Roberto Catanesi. | 2012 | Female sexual offenders: Five Italian case studies | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 17, no. 3 (2012): 180-187 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Gray, A., Busconi, A., Houchens, P. & Pithers, W. D. | 1997 | Children with sexual behavior problems and their caregivers: Demographics, functioning, and clinical patterns | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 9(4), 267-90 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Gray, J. L. | 1992 | From the Data of Therapists: An Exploratory Study of Adult Females Who Sexually Molest Children | Unpublished MSW thesis | Long Beach, CA: California State University | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Grayson,J | 1989 | Female sex offenders | Virginia Child Protection Newsletter | 28(1), 5-8 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Notes serious under-reporting, notes that F.S.O.s are different from M.S.O. in that they are more likely to be related to their victims. Recommends assertiveness training as part of treatment. | ||||||||
| Grayston, A. D., & De Luca, R. V. | 1999 | Female perpetrators of child sexual abuse: A review of the clinical and empirical literature. | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 4(1), 1999, 93-106 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Green, A. H. | 1999 | Female sex offenders | Sexual Aggression | 195-210 | Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press | J. A. Shaw | Child victim, adult perp | |
| victim surveys show that between 14% and 24% of sexually abused males and between 6% and 14% of sexually abused females report having been abused by a female perpetrator. | ||||||||
| Green, A.H., & Kaplan, M. | 1994 | Psychiatric impairment and childhood victimization experiences in female child molesters. | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | 33, 954-961 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Green, J. | 2000 | Maire Claire on Female Sex Offenders | Retrieved June 16, 2010, from Abuse Hurts Everyone | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Greenfeld, L. A., & Snell, T. L. | 1999 | Women offenders | 3 | Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Per self-reports of victims, women perpetrate 14% of violent offenses (average annual: 2.1 million violent female offenders). 75% of their victims were other females, most of whom had a prior relationship with the perp (not a stranger). About 10,000 females are arrested in the U.S. annually for violent sexual offenses. | ||||||||
| Greer,A.E. & Buss D.M. | 1994 | Tactics for promoting sexual encounters. | Journal of Sex Research | 31(3), 185-201 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Women have access to a variety of high pressure tactics for sex. | ||||||||
| Grier, P. E., & Clark, M. A. | 1987 | Female sexual offenders in a prison setting | Unpublished, manuscript | St. Louis, MO: Behavioral Sciences Institute, Inc. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Grier, P. E., Clark, M., & Stoner, S. B. | 1993 | Comparative study of personality traits of female sex offenders. | Psychological Reports | 73, 1378 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Grier,P.E, & Cark, M.A. | 1987 | Female sexual offenders in a prison setting | Unpublished manuscript | St Louis, MO Behavioral Science Institute Inc | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Griffith, S.R | 2013 | Men's Stories of Unwanted Sexual and Pornography Experiences: A Qualitative Analysis | Doctoral Dissertation Wheaton College | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Used Online Survey with N=590 male college students to ask about unwanted sexual experiences (kissing'intercourse), disclosure and unwanted exposure to porn. 17% had unwanted sexual experience history, 64% of those had disclosed it, 13% had unwanted exposure to porn. Situations ranged from childhood molestation, adult sexual assault and also 'silent reluctance' to say no. Masculine sexual scripts were found to play a role. Noted that the constant questioning of whether men can have unwanted sexual experiences discredits that victimization and may be part of the shifting of blame onto male victims; since he was male, he could have physically stopped it if he really wanted to stop it. | ||||||||
| Grimaldi, Jessica | 2009 | Sexual Scripts and Structured Action: Exploring Gendered Language in Cases of Female Sexual Offending | Masters thesis | Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Three criminal cases are examined from Wisconsin, U.S. The goal is to examine whether, and through what processes, traditional sexual scripts are discursively reproduced in court proceedings and media reporting of female sexual offending. State of Wisconsin vs. Anne Knopf was discussed as ‘unusual case’, ‘harmless’, ‘good mother’, ‘mentally ill’. State of Wisconsin vs. Marnie Staehly Case was discussed as ‘unusual case’, ‘harmless’, ‘mental impairment’, ‘childlike’, ‘non-sexual’. USA vs. Carrie Wheaton and Roger Smith child porn case was discussed as unusual case’, “mentally ill’, ‘coercion’ and ‘non-maternal’. | ||||||||
| Grob, C. S. | 1985 | Single case study: Female exhibitionism | The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease | 173(4), 253-256 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Grossin, Cécile, Isabelle Sibille, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, Ahmed Banasr, Fabrice Brion, and Michel Durigon | 2003 | Analysis of 418 cases of sexual assault | Forensic Science International | 131, no. 2 (2003): 125-130 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 14% of the 418 victims were male | ||||||||
| Grossman , L. | 1992 | An example of "character perversion" in a woman | Psychoanalytic Quarterly | 61(4), 581-9. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Groth, A. N. | 1979 | Sexual Trauma in the Life Histories of Rapists and Child Molesters | Victimology | 4(1), 10-16 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Groth, A. N. | 2001 | Men who rape: The psychology of the offender | 185-192 | Da Capo Press | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Briefly discusses female sexual offenders | ||||||||
| Groth, A.N. Groth, A. N. | 1982 | The incest offender | Handbook of clinical intervention in child sexual abuse | 215-239 | Sgroi, S. M. | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Has a single page on mother-child incest. | ||||||||
| Gutwoski,Christy | 2003 | "Is he less a victim? Teen who says he was raped by Library aide says he's been ostracized because he's male." | Chicago Daily Herald 9/21/03 | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Halcyon, Linda, Robert W. Blum, Trish Beuhring, Ernest Pate, Sheila Campbell-Forrester, and Anneke Venema. | 2003 | Adolescent health in the Caribbean: a regional portrait | Journal Information | 93, no. 11 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 31% of the males reported having been forced into their first sexual intercourse. Over 50% of the sexually active boys reported their first sexual intercourse was at or before age 10 years. | ||||||||
| Hamilton, C. E., Falshaw, L., & Browne, K. D. | 2002 | The link between recurrent maltreatment and offending behaviour | International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology | 46(1), 75-94 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Hannon, R., Hall, D. S., Nash, H., Forman, J., & Hopson, T. | 2000 | Judgments regarding sexual aggression as a function of sex of aggressor and victim. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 43(5-6), 311-322 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Hanson, R. F., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Best, C. | 1999 | Factors related to the reporting of childhood rape | Child Abuse & Neglect | 23, 559–569 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Harper, J. F. | 1993 | Prepubteral male victims of incest: A clinical study | Child Abuse & Neglect | 17(3), 419-421 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Harrison, H. | 1994 | Female abusers - what children and young people have told Childline. | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 89-92 | New York: The Guilford Press | M. Elliott | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Harrison, K. | 2010 | Managing High-Risk Sex Offenders in the Community: Risk Management, Treatment and Social Responsibility. | Portland, OR: Willan Publishing | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Hart, R., & Dumasia, S. | 2012 | Treating a female convicted of sexual offending against a child while in company of a male co-offender | Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand | 4(2), 13 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| case study | ||||||||
| Hartwick, C., Desmarais, S., & Henning, K. | 2007 | Characteristics of male and female victims of sexual coercion | Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality | 16(1/2), 31 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=251 college males. 38.8% of the males reported a history of experiencing sexual coercion and it was associated with the number of sexual partners, number of romantic relationships. 23.3% coerced into fondling/kissing, 18.3% coerced into intercourse and 5.8% coerced into oral sex. | ||||||||
| Hassan,Mona | 2014 | Patterns of sexual abuse among children who received care in an emergency department in a Midwestern city | Doctoral dissertation Case Western Reserve University | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Used convenience sample of N-95 children ages 6-14 at ER from 2006-2010. 14% of the victims were male, 3.2% of the perpetrators were female. | ||||||||
| Hassett-Walker, C., Lateano, T., & Di Benedetto, M. | 2014 | Do Female Sex Offenders Receive Preferential Treatment in Criminal Charging and Sentencing? | Justice System Journal | 35(1), 62-86 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Results showed that female sex offenders who victimized adolescents for whom they were not caretakers were charged less severely. | ||||||||
| Hatchard, C. | 2002 | Female Perpetrated Sexual Abuse: Redefining the Construct of Sexual Abuse and Challenging Beliefs about Human Sexuality. | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| 16 June 2010. | ||||||||
| Haydon, Abigail A; Annie-Laurie McRee, & Carolyn Tucker Halpern | 2011 | Unwanted Sex Among Young Adults in the United States The Role of Physical Disability and Cognitive Performance | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | November 2011 26 (17) 3476-3493 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This study examined associations between unwanted sexual experiences and both physical disability and cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of young adults. We used data from 11,878 participants (ages 26-32) in Waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Logistic regressions determined associations between physical disability and level of cognitive performance (using a modified Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and the odds of experiencing physically forced and non-physically coerced sex. Approximately 24% of females and 4% of males reported unwanted sexual experiences. Compared to respondents without disabilities, females with a physical disability had greater odds of experiencing forced sex (OR = 1.49; 95% CI [1.06, 2.08]), whereas males with a physical disability had greater odds of coerced sex (OR = 1.90; 95% CI [1.02, 3.52]). Compared to those with average cognitive performance scores, females with scores above 110 had slightly higher odds of coerced sex (OR = 1.20; 95% CI [1.03-1.41]). Further research on pathways underlying these associations is needed to inform prevention efforts. | ||||||||
| Hayes, S., & Carpenter, B. | 2013 | Social moralities and discursive constructions of female sex offenders | Sexualities | 16(1-2) 159-179 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Analyzes the way the issue of child sexual abuse by women is created via public discussion. In late 20th Century, the focus was on male (non-familial) perps and female victims. MSO behavior was seen as existing on the continuum of normal male behavior (males are hypersexual and have difficulty controlling themselves). This way of framing the discussion forces women in to the narrow frame of being the Non-Sex Offender (passive, non-sexual, nurturing). Women who engage in sexual offending against minors were framed as emotionally dependent upon their coercive male partners, leaving the males in control. If the FSO worked solo, then the behavior was due to their own abuse history. Only recently has there been a more full discussion of the idea of women committing sexual offenses of their own volition but the discussion remains oversimplified and gendered. The women are either Evil and having betrayed the trust of the world by not being inherently nurturing to children or are Mad/Insane because she had her natural nurturance of children removed by her own abuse. Had she not been abused, she never would have committed the sexual offenses. If the victim is past puberty but not yet of age to consent and male, then the issue is constructed differently, with the victim described as 'lucky' (something never used with female victims) and the woman seen as more sad/pathetic than malicious. Females can't be predatory as that would de-masculinize the male victim and would position female as having sexual desire in a world where women are not seen as having their own sexual subjectivity. Authors note that sex ed for females only teaches them about dealing with the issues related to being a receptacle of male sexuality (pregnancy/contraception) rather than any discussion of desire by the female. Also discusses Australian laws related to age of consent for sex. | ||||||||
| Hayes,S., & Baker,B | 2014 | Female Sex Offenders and Pariah Femininities: Rewriting the Sexual Scripts | Journal of Criminology | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| The article analyzed the way UK & Australia media reports (487 reports 2000-2010) on sexual offending in a way that reinforce traditional gender norms and 'hinders' the development of awareness of FSO's. Notes that pedophiles are viewed as having both deviant sexual interest and exercise of power over others (children), which is very different from the way women are viewed. Notes that women must be viewed as offending because of previous trauma or other external pressure in order to maintain myth that women are safe nurturers and sexual gatekeepers. Divided articles up between those that mentioned prepubescent victims (<11 yrs) versus those that noted pubescent victims (>12 yrs). 41 FSO's were identified with prepubescent victims and 74 for pubescent victims. Perp ages ranged from 19-62 yrs. Most of the FSO's who victimized prepubescent victims were discussed as the accomplice of a manipulative male. The FSOs were discussed in language that fit 6 themes including minimization/mitigation (she is a victim, emotionally dependent on a male and not responsible for her behavior), sensationalism (voyeuristic style information), demonizing (posed as male, is lesbian or bisexual), pathologizing (PTSD, substance abuse, depression), romanticizing (used terms like 'seduced', 'lover') and women as nurturing (FSO also a mother). | ||||||||
| Hayes,Sharon L, & Carpenter,Belinda J | 2010 | Absence of malice: constructiong the female sex offender. | In Moral Panics in the Contemporary World | 10-12 December 2010 | Brunel University, London UK | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Hearn, Jeff, Andersson, Kjerstin and Cowburn, Malcolm | 2007 | Background Paper on Guidelines for Researchers on Doing Research with Perpetrators of Sexual Violence. | Project Report. Sexual Violence Research Initiative | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Helweg-Larsen, K., & Larsen, H. B. | 2006 | The prevalence of unwanted and unlawful sexual experiences reported by Danish adolescents: Results from a national youth survey in 2002 | Acta Paediatrica | 95, 1270–1276 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Hemenway, David, Deborah Prothrow-Stith & Angela Browne | 2005 | Report of the 2004 Boston Youth Survey | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| 5% of males reported experiencing sexual violence by dating partner during lifetime and another 5% reported experiencing sexual violence by anyone during their lifetime. 7% experienced some form of physical violence by dating partner. Those who experienced these forms of violence scored much higher on the depression scale (and male victims scored more depressed than female victims). | ||||||||
| Hendriks, J. & Bijleveld, C. C. J. H. | 2006 | Female adolescent sex offenders—an exploratory study | Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice | 12(1), 31-41 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Hendriks, J., Wijkman, M., & Bijleveld, C. | 2013 | Group sexual offending | Handbook on the Study of Multiple Perpetrator Rape: A Multidisciplinary Response to an International Problem | Vol. 4 | Routledge | Horvath, M. A., & Woodhams, J. | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Chapter 5 compares adolescent female and male group sexual offenders | ||||||||
| Hensley, C., Castle, T., & Tewksbury, R. | 2003 | Inmate-to-Inmate Sexual Coercion in a Prison for Women | Journal of Offender Rehabilitation | 37(2), 77-87 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Limited academic research exists addressing the issue of sexual coercion in correctional facilities, especially female correctional facilities. However, the study of sexual coercion and consensual same-sex research within correctional facilities is seen as very important. This study focused specifically on inmate-to-inmate female sexual coercion. The study, conducted in March 2000, consisted of all inmates housed in a southern correctional facility for women. Out of the 243 female inmates surveyed, 11 inmates, or 4.5 percent, reported incidents of sexual coercion. The results show that the rates of sexual coercion were relatively low for this women’s correctional facility. However, within the limited amount of research on sexual coercion in female correctional facilities, it is difficult to determine the exact rates of assault in female prisons | ||||||||
| Hensley, C., Tallichet, S. E., & Dutkiewicz, E. L. | 2010 | Childhood Bestiality: A Potential Precursor to Adult Interpersonal Violence | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 25 (3), 557-567 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Hepburn, J. M. | 1995 | The Implications of Contemporary Feminist Theories of Development for the Treatment of Male Victims of Sexual Abuse | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 3(4), 1-18 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Hepner, B. A. | 2007 | An exploratory study of types and characteristics of incarcerated female sex offenders | Doctoral dissertation | Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Hepner-Williamson, Bridget A. | 2012 | Media vs. Reality: who is the real female sex offender | The Harms of Crime media: essays on the perpetuation of racism, sexism and class stereotypes | 78-90 | Denise L. Bissler & Joan L. Conners | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Cites Muraskin & Domash (2007) and Jerin & Field (1994) regarding media’s distortion of crime and how it influences the public perception of crime. Chapter focuses on how the media minimizes the female sex offender’s harm and delegitimizes the victims. It reinforces the idea that a child is not being harmed and that the male child is somehow benefiting from the abuse. This encourages people to view the victim as somehow contributing to their victimization. Compared media accounts of FSOs w/ a known sample of convicted FSOs (Texan) to show that the media portrayal is not representative. The 129 convicted FSO were from the Gatesville TX FSO treatment program (18 month program, involuntary, for FSOs w/in 24 months of release). The data was from 2006-2008. The media accounts were from LexisNexis search using multiple key phrases including “female”, “woman”, “sex offender”, “pedophile”, “teacher” and “sex”. Found 38 cases that provided adequate information. 58% of the incarcerated offenders were employed, average age was 31 years, 65% were white, most had about 10 years of education, 69% were single and most claimed a history of victimization. Author notes that 53% had “some type of prior mental health issues” but this vague term doesn’t suggest having a severe/persisting mental illness that precluded self-awareness or self-control. 57% were Solo Offenders, 16% had a history of sexual arrests, 26% had a history of non-sexual arrests. The average sentence was 9.8 years; the most common offense (67%) was sexual assault of a child or aggravated sexual assault of a child. The 129 FSOs had 162 victims whose average age was 11 years, with 60% of the victims under age 16. The victims were 54% female/46% male, 31% of the victims were the FSO’s biological child, 23% were an acquaintance of the FSO. Only 7% of the FSOs were Teachers and their victims were also split between male/female. Regarding the media cases, the average age of the FSO was 31 years, but information on educational background and race was limited, as was information regarding mental health or arrest histories (unless directly related to the case). 50% of the cases were married. The average victim age was 13 years, 73% of the victims were male and81% had only a single victim. 60% of the news cases described the victim as consenting to sex by the FSO, despite the fact that 80% of the crimes/charges involved a sexual assault such as rape or molestation. 2 cases involved a male co-offender, both of whom were described as worse that the female sex offender (males were “slave master” and had a ‘high level of arousal by minors” while the women who abused the same kid had “a consensual relationship” and “was in love and forced to offend”). 24 out of the 38 cases (63%) were Teachers. 81.5% of the media reports used positive or neutral language to describe the FSOs, often commenting on their attractiveness, youth and accomplishments (she’s so normal, how could this be bad) while also describing actions using the term “love” or “a sexual relationship”. Only 7 out of the 38 media cases had negative language, 3 of which used the terms Pedophile to describe the women (not all of whom actually carried that clinical diagnosis). Strangely, the most negative description was of 2 women who pretended to be male and who offended against female victims. The prototypical FSO in the state of Texas incarceration sample was a Single mother who sexually assaulted her 11 year old daughter. The prototypical FSO per the media was a married woman who molested a male student. The media minimizes the male child victim but either ignores the female child victim or is critical of short sentences when the victim is female. | ||||||||
| Hequembourg,A.L., Livingston,J.A., & Parks, K.A. | 2013 | Sexual victimization and associated risks among lesbian and bisexual women. | Violence Against Women | 20(10), 1-24.1077801213490557 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Herman-Giddens,M.E.& Berson,N.L. | 1989 | Harmful genital care practices in children: A type of child abuse | JAMA | 261(4), 577-579 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Hetherton,J | 1999 | The idealization of women: Its role in the minimizationof child sexual abuse by females | Child abuse & neglect | 23, 161-174 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Hetherton,J., Beardsall,L. | 1998 | Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: Does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals? | Child abuse & neglect | 22(12), 1265-1283 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Child protection staff are more permissive regarding female sex offenders, less likely to view them as needing registration and/or imprisonment. Those staff that had more experience with female perps were more likely to agree to the need for imprisonment. | ||||||||
| Hickey,N., McCrory,E.,, Farmer,E. & Vizard,E. | 2008 | Comparing the developmental and behavioural characteristics of female and male juveniles who present with sexually abusive behaviour | Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory, and practice | 14(3), 241-252 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=22 female juveniles (micro-sample) who committed sexual abuse. Study suggested F.S.O.'s have a different pathway to offending than males | ||||||||
| Hidalgo,Myra L. | 2007 | Sexual Abuse and the Culture of Catholicism: How Priests and Nuns Become Perpetrators | Routledge 2007 | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Higdon, M. J. | 2011 | Fatherhood by conscription: Nonconsensual insemination and the duty of child support. | Georgia Law Review | 46, 407 - 458 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Includes discussion of Adult females who become pregnant via sexual relations with males under the age of consent. | ||||||||
| Higgins C.,, & Ireland, C. | 2009 | Attitudes towards male and female sex offenders: A comparision of forensic staff, prison officers and the general public in Northern Ireland | The British Journal of Forensic Practice | 11(1), 14-19 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Higgins, C. & Ireland, C. | 2009 | Attitudes towards male and female sex offenders: a comparison of forensic staff, prison officers and the general public in Northern Ireland. | The British Journal of Forensic Practice | 11(1), 14-19 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Higgs, D. C., Canavan, M. M. & Meyer, W. J. III | 1992 | Moving from defense to offence: The development of an adolescent female sex offender. | Journal of Sex Research | 29(1), 131-139 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| The development of a 14‐year‐old female from defending herself from sexual crimes to committing such a crime is presented in case‐report form. | ||||||||
| Higgs,D.C., Canavan, M.M. & Meyer,W.J.III | 1992 | Moving from defense to offense: The development of an adolescent female sex offender | Journal of Sex Research | 29(1) 131-139 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| The development of a 14?year?old female from defending herself from sexual crimes to committing such a crime is presented in case?report form | ||||||||
| Hines, D. A. | 2007 | Predictors of sexual coercion against women and men: A multilevel, multinational study of university students.[222] | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 36(3), 403-422 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Several explanations have been forwarded to account for sexual coercion in romantic relationships. Feminist theory states that sexual coercion is the result of male dominance over women and the need to maintain that dominance; however, studies showing that women sexually coerce men point towards weakness in that theory. Other researchers have found that Gender Hostility is associated with sexual victimization, as is a history of childhood abuse. Study had 7,667 university students from 38 international sites. Used Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, Personal and Relationships Profile, took abuse history, etc. Included Status of Women in each area based upon composite score of women’s representation in government, education and workforce. All Heterosexual. When people are socialized to view relationships as deceptive, manipulative and exploitative, and when the normative view is that relationships are a means of gaining power, rather than of sharing love and tenderness, they are more likely to verbally or forcefully coerce sex from their partners. Found that 3% of men reported a history of being forced to have sex by female partner, 22% experienced verbal coercion. 2.4% of the forced group had oral/anal sex, 2.1% reported forced vaginal sex. For the coercion group, 13.5% reported that partner refused condom use, 11.7% insisted on vaginal sex, 7.5% insisted on oral/anal sex and 1.9% threatened them to have vaginal sex. For each 1 point increase in the status of women index (5 point scale), the odds of men reported forced sexual coercion increased by 25%. For each 1 point increase on the Gender Hostility to Men scale, the odds of forced sexual coercion increased by 38%. Worst sites: Louisiana, USA, Sao Paulo Brazil, Freisburg, Germany. | ||||||||
| Hines, D. A., & Saudino, K. J. | 2003 | Gender differences in psychological, physical, and sexual aggression among college students using the revised conflict tactics scales. | Violence and Victims | 18(2), 197-217 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration. | ||||||||
| Hird, M.J., & Jackson,S. | 2001 | Where 'angels' and 'wusses' fear to tread: Sexual coercion in adolescent dating relationships. | Journey of Sociology | 37(1), 27-43 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Hirschberg, D., & Riskin, K. | 1994 | Female adolescent sexual offenders in residential treatment: Characteristics and treatment implications | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| Hislop, J. | 2001 | Female Sex Offenders: What Therapists, Law Enforcement and Child Protection Services Need to Know | Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor, Inc | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Hislop, J. R. | 1999 | Female child molesters | Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views | 135-310 | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | P. A. Davin, J. R. Hislop, & T. Dunbar | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Found that the average age of victims for female perpetrated sexual abuse was 8.76 years and the average age difference between victims and perpetrators was 11.9 years. | ||||||||
| Hogben, M., Byrne, D. &, M. E. | 1996 | Coercive Heterosexual Sexuality in Dating Relationships of College Students -- Implications of Differential Male-Female Experiences. | Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | 8(1), 69-78 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Hogben,M., Byrne,D., & M.E. | 1996 | Coercive Heterosexual Sexuality in Dating Relationships of College Students--Implications of Different Male-Female Experiences | Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | 8(1), 69-78 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Hogben,M., Waterman, C.K. | 2000 | Patterns of conflict resolution within relationships and coercive sexual behavior of men and women | Sex Roles | 43(5-6), 341-357 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Found that college-aged males and females used the same amount of physical violence in trying to procure non-consensual sex. | ||||||||
| Hollender, M. H., Brown, W., & Roback, H. B. | 1977 | Genital exhibitionism in women | American Journal of Psychiatry | 134 (4), 436-438 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Holmes, G. R., Offen, L., & Waller, G. | 1997 | See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: Why do relatively few male victims of childhood sexual abuse receive help for abuse-related issues in adulthood? | Clinical Psychology Review | 17(1), 69-88. | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Holmes, Guy & Liz Offen | 1996 | Clinicians' hypotheses regarding clients' problems: Are they less likely to hypothesize sexual abuse in male compared to female clients? | Child Abuse & Neglect | 20 (6) 1996, 493–501 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Sixty-one clinical psychologists completed a questionnaire about a detailed case summary of an adult client which incorporated a number of indicators that the client may have been sexually abused. The gender of the client was manipulated. Significantly more clinicians hypothesized that the female client (compared to the male client) had been sexually abused in childhood. Clinicians who were more recently qualified, and clinicians who identified their predominant theoretical orientation as psychodynamic (rather than cognitive-behavioral), were more likely to hypothesize sexual abuse, although these effects were only statistically significant for the female clients. The majority of clinicians hypothesizing sexual abuse in the female client rated the abuse as the most important issue to address in therapy; this was not the case for the male client. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature suggesting that the apparent low number of male victims of sexual abuse currently being seen by the helping professions may in part be accounted for by a lack of awareness in clinicians as to the possibility that males, including their male clients, are sexually abused. | ||||||||
| Holmes, William C., and Gail B. Slap | 1998 | Sexual abuse of boys | JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association | 280, no. 21 (1998): 1855-1862 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| rates of female perpetrator abuse from 27% to 78% | ||||||||
| Horrocks, Chelsea | The Myth of the Female Sex Offender | Undergraduate Review | 6, 100-106 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Female sex offenders are most often in their late twenties or early thirties and the majority are Caucasian (Vandiver et al., 2008). Female offenders are significantly more likely than male offenders to victimize children under the age of twelve (Freeman & Sandler, 2008). The exact occurrence of co-offending is difficult to determine, but it is known that women more often offend with another person or in a group than men do (Vandiver et al., 2008). A common stereotype of sex offenders is that they offend against victims of the opposite sex. However, in some studies it has been suggested that the victims of female sex offenders are almost equally likely to be females as males. Vandiver and Kercher suggest that this could be caused by the increased likelihood that a woman is acting with a man, or at his urging (2004). Using a qualitative approach, this research compared and contrasted female and male sex offenders. Specifically the study reviewed the existing typology of female sex offenders as developed by Vandiver (2002) and the typology of male sex offenders as articulated by Groth (1979). Applying them to two high profile cases involving female offenders. Case studies were used in this research to establish the applicability of two existing typologies to actual crimes. | ||||||||
| Hovey, Angela | 2005 | Feminism as a context for understanding and responding to female sexual offending | Canadian Social Work Review/Revue canadienne de service social | (2005): 89-102 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Hovey, Angela; B.J. Rye & Carol A. Stalker | 2013 | Do Therapists' Beliefs about Sexual Offending Affect Counseling Practices with Women? | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 22 (5) 2013 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| This study explored whether counseling practices with women survivors of child sexual abuse reflect the belief that women do not sexually abuse children. Canadian therapists (n = 164) who work with women survivors of child sexual abuse were surveyed about their beliefs about what constitutes child sexual abuse, who commits child sexual abuse, and their practices regarding inquiries about abusive behavior. A majority self-reported that they ask women and think it is important to ask but most believe that clients will not spontaneously self-disclose inappropriate sexual thoughts or behaviors. How broadly or narrowly therapists defined child sexual abuse was not related to self-reported therapeutic discussion. Therapists demonstrated differential gender beliefs about child sexual abuse perpetration, but this did not relate to self-reported counseling practices. Implications for therapist education are discussed | ||||||||
| Hovey,A., Stalker,C., & Rye,B.J. | 2014 | Asking Women Survivors about Thoughts or Actions Involving Sex with Children: An Issue Requiring Therapist Sensitivity | Journal of child sex abuse | 23(4), 442-461 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used telephone interviews of 22 Canadian therapists to find out if they ask about sexual offending thoughts/behaviors in adult female victims of child sexual abuse. | ||||||||
| Hovey,A.K. | 2010 | An Exploration of Counselling Practices with Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Should Therapists Ask About Thoughts or Behaviour Involving Sex with Children? | Unpublished dissertation Wilfrid Laurier University | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Notes that the helping professions have been reluctant to acknowledge female sexual abuse of minors, despite the increased risk of offending by female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Asked if therapists working with female adult survivors ask questions about perpetration thoughts/behaviors. Found that, while 70% of the surveyed therapists think that it is important to ask about possible perpetration thoughts/behaviors, they didn't actually do so. The therapists also held gendered ideas of what was sexually abusive behavior, viewing behaviors such as perpetration by a male as more 'inappropriate' than the same behavior by a female. | ||||||||
| Howard, J. A. | 1984 | Societal influences on attribution: Blaming some victims more than others | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | 47(3), 494 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 2 studies (N=135 college students read vignettes of sexual assault; N=160 college students viewed video of assaults). Found more blame of female victims based on character, more blame of male victims based on behaviour. Male victims are expected to fight and/or escape. | ||||||||
| Howell, Alanna | 2007 | Victims of child sexual abuse : who's responsible and who's believable? | Master’s thesis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| This thesis investigates whether perpetrator-victim and counselor characteristics influence counselors’ views of victim responsibility and credibility. Counsellors (n=149) surveyed by mail and over the internet read a vignette describing an incident of CSA, completed a 12-question survey along a 7-point Likert-type scale, responded to 2 open-ended discussion questions, and completed a demographic survey. Results from a logistic regression analysis found that: victim gender predicted views of victim responsibility for boys; more years of counseling experience predicted the disbelief of CSA disclosures; and more years’ experience counseling CSA clients predicted credibility of CSA disclosures. Early feminist works on CSA are used to argue that transgressions of gender norms elicit interpretations of victims that realign their behaviour with patriarchal ideals of femininity and masculinity. However, the existence of various gender pairings of perpetrator-victim relationships suggest that my findings support a revised view of patriarchy that is more in line with intersectional feminist literature. | ||||||||
| Howitt, D. | 1995 | Paedophiles and Sexual Offenses Against Children. | West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Hudson, A.H. | 1996 | Personality assessment of female sex offenders: A cluster analysis. | Dissertation Abstracts International | 56(9-B), 5212 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Hughes, T. L., Johnson, T., & Wilsnack, S. C. | 2001 | Sexual assault and alcohol abuse: A comparison of lesbians and heterosexual women. | Journal of Substance Abuse | 13(4), 515-532 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 27% of lesbians reported that they were sexually assaulted by a date (female) | ||||||||
| Hughes,T.L., Haas,A.P., Razzano,L., Cassidy,R., & Matthews,A. | 2000 | Comparing lesbians' and heterosexual women's mental health: A multi-site survey | Journal of gay & Lesbian Social Services | 11(1), 57-76 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Descriptive study, N=550 lesbians from 2 major US cities 1004-1996. 16% reported a history of sexual assault by an inmate partner | ||||||||
| Hui, C. | 2002 | Knowledge, Behavior and Personality Characteristics of Females with Sexual Wrong Doings. | Chinese Journal of Health Education | 11, 0. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Hull, L. A., & Panesis, S. K. | 1984 | Women Who Rape | Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Hunt, L.M. | 2006 | Females who sexually abuse in organizations working with children. Characteristics, International and Australian prevalence rates: Implications for child protection. | Melbourne, Australia: Child Wise | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Hunter, J. A., & Mathews, R. | 1997 | Sexual deviance in females | Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment | 465-480 | New York: The Guilford Press. | R. D. Laws & W. O’Donohue | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Hunter, J. A., Becker, J. V., & Lexier, L. J. | 2006 | The female juvenile sex offender | The juvenile sex offender | 148–165 | New York: Guilford Press | H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall | Child/adolescent perp | |
| Hunter, J. A., Lexier, L.. J., Goodwin, D.W., Browne, P.A., & Dennis, C. | 1993 | Psychosexual, attitudinal, and developmental characteristics of juvenile female perpetrators in a residential treatment setting. | Journal of Child and Family Studies | 2, 317- 326 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| N=10 juvenile female sex offenders, 40% molested strangers rather than relatives, averaged 2.5 victims each, average victim age was 5 years. 60% of the perps had male victims. 70% perpetrated vaginal rape, 10% perpetrated anal rape, 70% perpetrated oral sexual assault. 60% reported fantasizing about the crime before they did the crime and 20% reported masturbating to fantasies of significantly younger children (deviant sexual arousal). 6 of the 10 (60%) reported being sexually victimized by a woman in their own past. | ||||||||
| Hunter, K. | 1994 | Helping survivors through counseling | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 37-46 | New York: The Guilford Press. | M. Elliott | Assessment or treatment related | |
| Hunter, M. | 1990 | Abused boys: The neglected victims of sexual abuse | Lexington Books/DC Heath. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Impett, E. A., & Peplau, L. A. | 2003 | Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives | Journal of Sex Research | 40(1), 87-100. | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Isely, Paul J., and David Gehrenbeck-Shim | 1997 | Sexual assault of men in the community | Journal of Community Psychology | 25, no. 2 (1997): 159-166. | Specifically on male victims | |||
| out of 705 men who sought medical attention following a sexual assault, only 23% in one study revealed the sexual nature of the injury to medical personnel | ||||||||
| Izdebski,Z. | 2012 | Seksualnosc Polakow na poczatku XXI wieku Studium badawcze (Poles' sexuality in the early twenty-first century. A research study) | Wydawnictwo Unwersytetu Jagiellonskiego Krakow | Jagiellonian University Press | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Polish study overall rates of sexual aggression victimization 36.4% for men and 31.3% for women | ||||||||
| J. Barth, Bermetz, E., Heim,S T. Tonia | 2012 | The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis | International Journal of Public Health | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Meta-analysis of 55 studies from 24 countries published 2002-2009, found an average of 3 out of 100 boys were forced to have intercourse | ||||||||
| Jackson, S. | 2007 | Female Sex Offenders: A new challenge for the criminal justice system. | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | California State University, Long Beach | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Jackson, Susan M, Fiona Cram & Fred W. Seymour | 2000 | Violence and Sexual Coercion in High School Students' Dating Relationships | Journal of Family Violence | March 2000, 15 (1) 23-36 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| A review of the dating violence literature reveals a limited number of studies with high school students and few studies that investigate the contextual issues of violence, such as meaning, motivation, and consequences. The present study sought to investigate the extent of dating violence victimization in a New Zealand sample of senior high school students (aged 16 to 18 years) and the perceived reasons for the violence, emotional effects, disclosure of the violence, and relationship consequences. A questionnaire that contained both open-ended and forced-choice items pertaining to experiences of violence and its consequences was developed using material gathered from focus group discussions with high school students. Findings showed gender similarity in the extent of violence and a number of significant gender differences in the aftermath of violence, particularly in the area of sexual coercion. These findings are discussed in the context of future research and prevention of dating violence. Furthermore, a few studies have investigated only female victimization and male perpetration, ignoring female perpetration and male victimization (e.g., Dekeseredy & Schwartz, 1994; Mercer, 1988). It is important that future researchers examine gender as a matter of course but in a way that advances knowledge in ways that straightforward reporting of violence rates does not. This means, for example, investigating whether acts of violence, when of similar form, are equivalent in meaning or consequence for females and males (Bograd, 1990). By such examinations our knowledge of the relationship between gender and violence is advanced. Gender differences emerged in how the students dealt with emotional violence. Overall, male students were markedly less likely to talk to someone (friend, family, partner, counselor) about emotional violence than their female counterparts were. Significantly more males (29.8%) than females (9.7%) reported that they had talked to "nobody" about it or did not need to talk at all (4.1% females, 14.9% males. Overall, 130 female students (76.9%) and 91 male students (67.4%) reported they had experienced one or more incidents of unwanted sexual activity. Similar numbers of male and female students reported most types of nonconsensual sexual activity; the exception was being felt up, which significantly more female than male students reported. In addition to being asked about experiencing unwanted sexual activity, students were given a list of settings and asked to check those in which unwanted sexual activity had occurred. Half of the female students and 40% of the males reported that unwanted sexual activity had occurred at parties. Other comparatively prevalent settings included partner's house, friend's house, and hanging out with friends. Significantly more male than female students reported unwanted sexual activity at school. Unwanted sexual activity was more often reported in long-term relationships than in relationships with new partners, acquaintances, friends, partners of unspecified time together, or casual partners. More than half (58%) of female students indicated that unwanted sexual activity had occurred with acquaintances or in casual relationships, and slightly fewer than half of male students (46.7%). Students were given a list of 11 possible reasons for engaging in unwanted sex. Overall, perceived reasons for sexual coercion were similar for boys and girls. A substantial number of students reported having unwanted sex to show that they loved their partner (44.2% males, 34.7% females) or because they thought it was what the partners wanted (36.9% females, 35.6% males). Alcohol was also commonly reported as a reason for unwanted sexual activity. More than a quarter of each group (29.8% of males, and 26.9% of females) reported alcohol or drug use to be a main reason for the unwanted sexual activity. Significantly more male students reported having unwanted sexual activity because they thought their friends were doing it (21% males, 10.1% females). Relatively few students, male or female, reported fear of losing a partner, being held down (forced), being threatened with harm, or being hassled as reasons for unwanted sexual activity. Notably, almost as many males as females reported being held down and forced to have sex. Substantial numbers of each gender indicated that they talked to nobody (46.8% male, 46.1% female). | ||||||||
| Jennings, K. T. | 1994 | Female child molesters: A review of the literature. | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 219-234 | New York: The Guilford Press | M. Elliott | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Jennings,K.T. | 1994 | Female child molesters: A review of the literature. In M. Elliott (Ed) | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 219-234 | New York : The Guilford Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Jespersen, Ashley F., Lalumiere, Martin L & Seto, Michael C. | 2009 | Sexual abuse history among adult sex offenders and non-sex offenders: a meta-analysis | Child Abuse & Neglect | 33, 179-192 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Reviewed 17 studies of sex offenders and non-sex offenders and prevalence of different types of abuse experienced by children and adults. Found support for the abused-abuser hypothesis. Found that high rates of sexual victimization among sex offenders, relative to non-sex offenders, but not a high history of physical abuse, emotional abuse or neglect. They did a break down between sex offenders against children and against adults and found that those who offended against adults had more physical abuse victimization history while those who offended against children had more sexual abuse victimization history. After ruling out a publication bias, they theorized that this association may be related to Learning, Sexual Development issues and Familial Transmission issues. | ||||||||
| Johansson-Love, J. | 2007 | A 2x2 comparison of offender and gender; what characteristics do female sex offenders have in common with other offender groups? | Unpublished dissertation | West Virginia University | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Johansson-Love, J. and Fremouw, W. | 2008 | Female Sexual Perpetrators: Is It More Than Just a Gender Difference? | Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychology | Law Society, Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront, Jacksonville, FL, Mar 05 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W. | 2006 | A critique of the female sexual perpetrator research. | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 11, 12-26 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W. | 2009 | Female Sex Offenders: A Controlled Comparison of Offender and Victim/Crime Characteristics. | Journal of Family Violence | 24, 367-376 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Johansson-Love,J. | 2007 | A 2x2 comparison of offender and gender; what characteristics do female sex offenders have in common with other offender groups? | Unpublished dissertation West Virginia University | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Johnson, Dana. | 2004 | Child Support Obligations That Result from Male Sexual Victimization: An Examination of the Requirement of Support | Northern Illinois University Law Review | 25 (2004): 515 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Johnson, K., Scott, J., Rughita, B., Kisielewski, M., Asher, J., Ong, R., & Lawry, L. | 2010 | Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association | 304(5), 553-562 | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| N=998 households, with 39.7% of women reporting sexual victimization and 41.1% of the perps in those cases were women. 26.6% of men reported sexual victimization and 10% of the perps were women. | ||||||||
| Johnson, R. L., & Schrier, D. | 1987 | Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population. | American Journal of Psychiatry | 144(5), 650-652 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| 11 out of 25 boys (5-17) treated at this clinic were sexually abused by a female (ages 16-36) | ||||||||
| Johnson, T. C. | 1988 | Child perpetrators: Children who molest other children, preliminary findings | Child Abuse and Neglect | 12, 219-229 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Johnson, T. C. | 1989 | Female child perpetrators: Children who molest other children | Child Abuse and Neglect | 13, 571-585 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Estimates that females represent 22% of juvenile sexual offenders | ||||||||
| Johnson,R.J.,Ross,M.W., Taylor,W.C., Williams,M.L., Carvaial,R.I.,&Peters,R.J. | 2006 | Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among incarcerated males in county jail | Child abuse & neglect | 30(1), 75-86 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=100 male inmates, 59% reported sexual abuse prior to age 13 years, average first age of abuse 9.6 years, 90% of the perpetrators were female either friends (n-72) or family members (n=56 | ||||||||
| Jones, Ruth | 2002 | Inequality from Gender-Neutral Laws: Why Must Male Victims of Statutory Rape Pay Child Support for Children Resulting from Their Victimization | Georgia law Review | 36 411-464 2001-2002 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Jones, Susan J. | 2013 | A Portrait of Boundary Violations: Former Female Employees of Corrections Who Have Established a Relationship With an Inmate | doctoral thesis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| in place where they did not feel connected to their colleagues but did find a connection with an inmate | ||||||||
| Joslyn, Jayme Lynn | 2011 | Female Teachers as Sexual Predators: A Qualitative study of grades 7-12 in the state of Florida's public schools | Dissertation | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Judson, Stephanie S., Dawn M. Johnson, and Alycia LU Perez. | 2013 | Perceptions of Adult Sexual Coercion as a Function of Victim Gender | Psychology of Men & Masculinity | Vol 14(4), Oct 2013, 335-344. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Justice, B., & Justice, R. | 1979 | The broken taboo: Sex in the family | 168-200 | New York: Human Sciences Press | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Has 3 pages on mother-son incest | ||||||||
| K Munro | ||||||||
| includes articles regarding sexual offenses against both males and females on her website | ||||||||
| Kalders, A., Inkster, H., & Britt, E. | 1997 | Females who offend sexually against children in New Zealand. | The Journal of Sexual Aggression | 3(1), 15-29 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Kalichman SC, Sarwer DB, Johnson JR, Ali SA, Early J & Tuten JT | 1993 | Sexually coercive behavior and love styles: a replication and extension | Journal of psychology and human sexuality | 6 91-107 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| College men were grouped as either: not having experienced sexual intercourse (n = 25), consensually experienced with intercourse only (n = 56), or sexually coercive (n = 42), based on self-reported sexual history. Comparisons were made on six love styles, three adult attachment styles, and self-reported experiences in love relationships. Results replicated earlier research, finding that men who had been sexually coercive endorsed a manipulative, game-playing orientation toward intimate relationships to a greater extent than both other groups. Although sexually coercive men did not differ from the other two groups in their romantic attachment styles, they did report less happiness, friendship, and trust in their romantic relationships. Results suggest that avoidance does not characterize sexually coercive men, but rather manipulation and deception appear to form the link between love styles and sexual coercion. | ||||||||
| Kaplan, M.S., & Green, A. | 1995 | Incarcerated female sex offenders: A comparison of sexual histories with eleven female nonsexual offenders. | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 7, 287-300 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| focuses on perpetrators’ victimization histories; Used incarcerated sample, small sample size (11 women), reported they had PTSD, depression and personality disorders (none of which decrease their responsibility, ability to know right from wrong) | ||||||||
| Kasl, C. S. | 1990 | Female perpetrators of sexual abuse: A feminist view. | The Sexually Abused Male. Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment | Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. | M. Hunter | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Katz,J., Moore,J.A., & Tkachuk,S. | 2007 | Verbal sexual coercion and perceived victim responsibility: Mediating effects of perceived control | Sex Roles | 57(3-4), 235-247 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Kaufman, K. L., Wallace, A. M., Johnson, C. F., & Reeder, M. L. | 1995 | Comparing female and male perpetrators’ modus operandi: Victims’ reports of sexual abuse. | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 10(3), 322-333 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Kelley, S. J., Brant, R., & Waterman, J. | 1993 | Sexual abuse of children in day care centers. | Child Abuse & Neglect | 17, 71-89 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Kelly, R. J., Wood, J. J., Gonzalez, L. S., MacDonald, V., & Waterman, J. | 2002 | Effects of mother-son incest and positive perceptions of sexual abuse experiences on the psychosocial adjustment of clinic-referred men | Child Abuse & Neglect | 26(4), 425-441 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Seventeen men reported mother-son incest, and these men endorsed more trauma symptoms than did other sexually abused men, even after controlling for a history of multiple perpetrators and physical abuse. Mother-son incest was likely to be subtle, involving behaviors that may be difficult to distinguish from normal care-giving (e.g., genital touching), despite the potentially serious long-term consequences. Twenty-seven men recalled positive or mixed initial perceptions of the abuse, including about half of the men who had been abused by their mothers. These men reported more adjustment problems than did men who recalled purely negative initial perceptions | ||||||||
| Kendall-Tackett, K. A., & Simon, A. F. | 1987 | Perpetrators and their acts: Data from 365 adults molested as children | Child Abuse & Neglect | 11, 237-45 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Kernsmith, P. D. & Kernsmith, R. M. | 2009 | Female Pornography Use and Sexual Coercion Perpetration | Deviant Behavior | 30(7), 589-610 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Kia-Keating,M., Grossman, F.K., Sorsoli, L., & Epstein M. | 2005 | Containing and Resisting Masculinity: Narratives of Renegotiation Among Resilient Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse | Psychology of Men & Masculinity | 6(3), 169 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Kierski, Werner | 2002 | Female violence: can we therapists face up to it? | Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal | 13 (10) 32-35 2002 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Kierski,Werner | 2002 | Female Violence: can we therapists face up to it? | Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal | 13 (10) 32-35 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| King, M., Coxell, A., & Mezey, G. | 2002 | Sexual molestation of males: Associations with psychological disturbance | The British Journal of Psychiatry | 181(2), 153-157 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Study of 2,474 from medical clinics in UK. Average age was 46, mostly Caucasian, mostly heterosexual. 20.9% had nonconsensual sex before age 16, about 20% of the perps were female | ||||||||
| King, Michael &Earnest Woollett | 1997 | Sexually Assaulted Males: 115 Men Consulting a Counseling Service | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 1997, 26,(6) 579-588 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| All men were seen at least once for face-to-face counseling at SURVIVORS, a counseling service for male victims. Data on 115 men were analyzed: 69 were assaulted while under age 16. 6% of the men were assaulted by a man and a woman, and 7% by women. 79% sought no help and only 15% reported to police. Victims assaulted by more than one person were more likely to have been assaulted by strangers, by women, and to have suffered physical harm. In the majority of the cases involving women, the perpetrator was a family member (usually the mother). | ||||||||
| Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., Martin, C. E., and Gebhard, P. H. | 1953 | Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. | Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| Kirsta, A. | 1994 | Deadlier Than The Male: Violence and Aggression in Women | New York: Harper Collins | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| Kisanga, Felix | 2012 | Child sexual abuse in urban Tanzania: possibilities and barriers for prevention | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| The school survey showed that 28% (boys=30%, girls=26%) of the students were exposed to child sexual abuse, with boys more often affected than girls. Twenty-six per cent of boys and 19% of girls reported being forced to look at pornography. Forced sexual intercourse was experienced by 9.8% of boys and 8.7% of girls | ||||||||
| Kite, D. & Tyson, G. A. | 2004 | The Impact of Perpetrator Gender on Male and Female Police Officers' Perceptions of Child Sexual Abuse. | Psychiatry, Psychology and Law | 11(2), 308-318 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Kjellgren, C., Priebe, G., Svedin, C.G., Mossige, S. & Långström, N. | 2011 | Female Youth Who Sexually Coerce: Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors in Two National High School Surveys | The Journal of Sexual Medicine | 8, (12) (2011): 3354-3362 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| N=4,363 Scandinavian high school age females, out of whom 37 (0.8%) reported engaging in some form of sexual coercion. The sexually coercive group was more likely to endorse rape myths, had more sexual preoccupation and friends using violent porn compared with non-sex conduct problem females. | ||||||||
| Knack, N.M., Murphy,L., Ranger, R., Metson C., Fedoroff J.P | 2015 | Assessment of Female Sexual Arousal in Forensic Populations | Current psychiatry reports | 17 (4) 1-8 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . Reviewed the research on Vaginal Photoplethysmography to measure female genital arousal and whether or not it is category-specific. | ||||||||
| Knoll, J. | 2010 | Teacher Sexual Misconduct: Grooming Patterns and Female Offenders | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 19(4), 371-386 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Knopp, F. H. & Lackey, L. B. | 1987 | Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers | Female Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Koonin, R. | 1995 | Breaking the last taboo: Child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. | Australian Social Work | 30(2), 195-210 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Krahe, B & Anja Berger | 2013 | Men and women as perpetrators and victims of sexual aggression in heterosexual and same-sex encounters: A study of first-year college students in Germany | Aggressive Behavior | 39 (5) 391–404 2013 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a large convenience sample of N = 2,149 first-year college students from different universities in Germany. Participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14. Both same-sex and heterosexual victim–perpetrator constellations were examined. Prevalence rates were established for different victim–perpetrator relationships (partners, acquaintances, strangers) and for incidents involving alcohol consumption by one or both partners. The overall perpetration rate was 13.2%, for men and 7.6% for women. The overall victimization rate was 35.9% for women and 19.4% for men. A disparity between victimization and perpetration reports was found for both men and women. Perpetration and victimization rates were highest among participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. Sexual aggression and victimization rates were higher between current or former partners and acquaintances than between strangers. Alcohol consumption by one or both partners was involved in almost 75% of all victimization and almost 70% of all perpetration incidents. | ||||||||
| Krahé, B., Scheinberger-Olwig, R., & Bieneck, S. | 2003 | Men's Reports of Nonconsensual Sexual Interactions with Women: Prevalence and Impact. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 32(2), 165-175 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Krahe, B., Scheinberger-Olwig, R., & Kolpin, S. | 2000 | Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 42(5-6), 313-337 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Krahe, B., Waizenhofer, E., Moller, I. | 2003 | Women’s sexual aggression against men: Prevalence and predictors. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 49(5-6), 219-232 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Krahe,B., Berger,A., Vanwesenbeeck I., Bianchi, G., Chliaoutakis J., Fernandez-Fuertes, A.A., Antonio Fuertesg, Margarida Gaspar de Matosh, Eleni Hadjigeorgioui, Birgitt Hallerj, Sabine Hellemansk, Zbigniew Izdebskil,M, Christiana Koutai, Dwayne Meijinckesc, Liubove, Muraskienen, Maria Papadakakie, Lucia Romiroh, Marta Reish, Katrien Symonsk, Paulina Tomaszewskaa, Isabel Vicario-Molinag & Andrzej Zygadlol | 2015 | Prevalence and correlates of young people's sexual aggression perpetration and victimisation in 10 Europen countries: a multi-level analysys | Culture Health & Seuxality | pages 01-18 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Data regarding sexual victimization and Perpetration from 10 countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain). N = 3,480 (heterosexual participants aged between 18 and 27 years). Between 2.6%-14.8% of females reported having perpetrated at least one act of sexual aggression. Between 10.1%-55.8% of males reported having experienced at least one incident of sexual victimization since the age of consent. In 2 countries, sexual victimization rates were significantly higher for males than for females. Victimization correlated with alcohol use during sexual encounters. Perpetration correlated negatively with sexual assertiveness in women ????? Lower gender equality in political power and higher sexual assertiveness in women relative to men were linked to higher male victimization rates. Gender gap for perpetration was significant in only 4 countries (Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, & Spain). The lowest total rates found in Belgium (5.5% for men and 2.6% for women) and the highest total rates found in Greece (48.7% for men and 14.8% for women). In terms of technique of sexual aggression, both genders exploited the victim's inability to resist (2.5% for women), used physical force (2.2% for women) and verbal pressure (2.3% for women). 4.6% of women responded yes to at least one question about perpetration of sexual aggression towards current or former sexual partner. 27.1% of men reported sexual victimization, ranging from 10.1% in Belgium to 55.8% in Greece. In 5 countries, the men reported higher victimization rates than did women (Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Portugal) with only Cyprus and Lithuania statistically significant. 15.8% of males reported being victims of physical force, 14.6% were victims of their inability to resist, 11.2% were victims of verbal pressure and 7.8% were victims of the perpetrator's authority. 23.4% of males were victimized by current or former partner but in Belgium, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain, their perpetrators were mostly acquaintances. Women were more accepting of dating violence than were men, which was a significant predictor of sexual aggression perpetration. For every increase in one scale point in acceptance of dating aggression, the odds of being in the perpetrator group went up 84% for women. For women, their odds of perpetrating sexual aggression increased by 11% per year of age. Oddly, their odds of being a perp was reduced by 1/3 for every scale point on the sexual assertiveness measure | ||||||||
| Krahe,B., Scheinberger-Olwig,R., & Kolpin,S. | 2000 | Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression | Sex Roles: A journal of Research | 42 (5-6) 313,337 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Krahe,B., Tomaszewska,P., Kuyper L., & Vanwesenbeeck,I | 2014 | Prevalence of sexual aggression among young people in Europe: A review of the evidence from 27 EU countries | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 19, 545-558 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Comprehensive review of 113 prevalence studies conducted in 27 countries of the European Union, 104 presented data on female sexual victimization and 71 presented data on male victimization, as part of a Youth Sexual Aggression & Victimization project. The rates of female sexual aggression ranged from 0.8% to 40%. | ||||||||
| Kramer, Elizabeth J | 1998 | When men are victims: Applying rape shield laws to male same-sex rape | New York University Law Review | 73 (1998): 293 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Kramer, S. | 1974 | Episodes of severe ego regression in the course of adolescent analysis | The analyst and the adolescent at work, | 190-231 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mentions a case of mother-son incest | ||||||||
| Kramer, S. | 2009, January | Confronting the Ultimate Taboo: A Qualitative Analysis of Expert Perceptions of the Female Pedophile | Culture, Health & Sexuality | 11 36 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Kramer, S., & Bowman, B. | 2011 | Accounting for the ‘invisibility’ of the female paedophile: an expert-based perspective from South Africa | Psychology & Sexuality | 2(3), 244-258 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Looked at perceptions of 4 South African professionals involved in either the treatment of abused children or in law enforcement or policy making. Viewed female sex offenders as lacking agency. | ||||||||
| Kramer, Sherianne | 2010 | Discourse and Power in the Self-Perceptions of Incarcerated South African Female Sexual Offenders | Thesis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| While most of the women were charged with rape, the actual sexual acts were by no means similar across the sample. Rather, they included a range of different acts including child prostitution, grievous bodily harm, indecent assault, the production of child pornography and child sexual abuse. Interestingly, all of the offences involved children as victims. Another significant observation regarding these offences is that most of them involved a male accomplice. Those women that acted alone blamed their sons for their crimes. Not a single participant felt that she was guilty of a crime. Most of the participants‟ perpetrations involved offences against their own children. However, these offences were discursively renegotiated so that the narratives of the crimes centered on the participant as a protective and caring mother. The participants thus not only upheld their subjective innocence but also problematized themselves as criminals by producing themselves as the protector rather than as the perpetrator. | ||||||||
| Kramer,Elizabeth,J. | 1998 | "When men are victims: Applying ape shield alws to male same-sex rape" | New York University Law Review | 73 (1998): 293 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Kramer,S. | 2015 | Surfacing (im) possible victims: A crtcal revew of the role of gender, sexuality nad pwer in constructing the condtions of possiilty for South African victims of female sex cromes. | Sexualtes. Kramer,S (2015) | 18(3), 346-372 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Estimated that 0.6% of all incarcerated women in South African prison were sexual offenders. | ||||||||
| Krienert,J. & Walsh, J | 2011 | Sibling sexual abuse: An emprirical analysis of offender, victim, and event characteristics in national incident-based reprting system (NIBRS) data, 2000-2007 | Journal of Child Abuse | 20(4), 353-372 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Used data from National Incident-based Reporting System 1000-2007, suggests expanding definition related to both age and gender. 7.8% of the offenders were female. 4% of the cases were sister-sister sexual abuse, 3.8% were sister abuse of brother. Noted that male and female offenders inflicted the same severity of sexual abuse | ||||||||
| Krishnakumar P; K. Satheesan, M. G. Geeta & K. Sureshkumar | 2013 | Prevalence and Spectrum of Sexual Abuse Among Adolescents in Kerala, South India | The Indian Journal of Pediatrics | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| A self- report survey 1,614 15–19 yr olds in selected schools. 36% of boys & 25% of girls reported that they had experienced sexual abuse at some point during their lifetime. Most instances were sexual advances (forcible kissing and genital groping) while using public transport. | ||||||||
| Krug, R. S. | 1989 | Adult male reports of childhood sexual abuse by mothers: Case descriptions, motivations and long-term consequences. | Child Abuse and Neglect | 13, 111-119 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Small sample size multiple interviews with eight survivors (a total of 29 interviews), this article examines the impact of maternal sexual abuse on daughters | ||||||||
| Krug,E.G., Mercy,J.A., Dahlberg L.L. & Zwi A.B. eds | 2002 | World report on violence and healh. Geneva, World Health Organization. | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Reports of rate of sexual coercion against men by women was 13.4% in Tanzania and 20% in Peru. | ||||||||
| Krugman,S, Mata,L., & Krugman R | 1992 | Sexual abuse and corporal punishment during childhood: a pilot retorspectie survey of university students in Costa Rica. . | Pediatrics | 90(1), 157-161 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 2.1% of the female victims were sexually abused by their mothers; 36.8% of the males and 8% of the females were sexually victimized by a woman. | ||||||||
| Kubik E.K, Hecker, J.E. & Righthand, S | 2002 | Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 11(3), 63-83 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=11 adolescent F.S.O. compared to matched adolescent non-sexual offenders. Both groups had high levels of cognitive distortions about their offending but the S.O.s level was higher | ||||||||
| Kubik, E. K. & Hecker, J. E. | 2005 | Cognitive Distortions About Sex and Sexual Offending: A Comparison of Sex Offending Girls, Delinquent Girls, and Girls from the Community. | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 14(4), 43-69 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| N=11 adolescent F.S.O. compared to 33 age matched non-sexual female offenders, used vignettes of child-adolescent sexual interactions and values questionnaire. F.S.O.s were more likely to agree w/ questionnaire items that remove blame from offender, view victim as responsible. Oddly, they also had less positive attitude towards Contraception. | ||||||||
| Kubik, E. K., Hecker, J. E., & Righthand, S. | 2002 | Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 11(3), 63-83 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| N=11 adolescent F.S.O. compared to matched adolescent non-sexual offenders. Both groups had high levels of cognitive distortions about their offending but the S.O.s level was higher. | ||||||||
| Kuyper, L., de Wit, J., Smolenski, D., Adam, P., Woertman, L., & van Berlo, W. | 2013 | Gender differences in patterns of experienced sexual coercion and associated vulnerability factors among young people in The Netherlands | Journal of interpersonal violence. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Online study of 1,319 young adults (16-25) from The Netherlands. Most common type sexual coercion both males and females reported experiencing was nagging, insisting and becoming angry or being taken advantage of while intoxicated. | ||||||||
| Lab, Damon D. &Estelle Moore | 2005 | Prevalence and denial of sexual abuse in a male psychiatric inpatient population | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 18, (4) 323–330, 2005 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lab,D.D., Feigenbau, J.D., & DeSilva, P. | 2008 | Mental health professionals' attitudes and practices towards male childhoold sexual abuse. | Child abuse & neglect | 24(3), 391-409 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=179 psychologists, psychiatrists and nurses were asked 10 questions regarding their attitudes and actions regarding male sexual victimization. Majority didn't ask about it, didn't know facts on the topic, didn't have training in the assessment or treatment of male victims. | ||||||||
| LaFortune-Brown, A.W.A. | 2012 | Gendered Media; a study of how newspapers frame educators involvement in statutory rape according to the gender of the adult | Masters thesis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Using cross tabulations, a quantitative content analysis was conducted. There are four key findings. First, the data show that newspapers will label male educators as predators more often than their female counterpart. Second, newspapers use more gentle and lenient language in their description of female educators who sexual abuse their students. Third, newspapers will use the term mentally ill more often in their description of female sexual offenders than a male sexual offender. These three key findings supports that the use of inflammatory descriptive terms or placating terms is dependent upon the gender of the offender and not the seriousness of their crime. In addition to these findings, this study also shows that American newspapers use more inflammatory language toward educators who sexually offend while United Kingdom newspapers use more innocuous terms. This may be attributed to the fact that it has only been since 2003 that sexual crimes against children by educators are treated more seriously by the Crown Prosecutors. 49% of the victims were male, 38.6% of the offenders were female | ||||||||
| Lam, A., Mitchell, J., & Seto, M. C. | 2010 | Lay Perceptions of Child Pornography Offenders. | Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice | 52(2), 173-201 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lambert, S. | 2008 | Issues in female sexual offending | Unpublished doctoral thesis | University College Cork | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lambert, S., & Hammond, S. | 2009 | Perspectives on Female Sexual Offending in an Irish Context | Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies | 1(9) | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lambert, S., & O’Halloran, E. | 2008 | Deductive thematic analysis of a female paedophilia website. | Psychiatry, Psychology and Law | 15(2), 284-300 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lambert,S., & O'Halloran,E | 2008 | Deductive theatic analysis of a female paedophilia website | Psychiatry, Psychology and Law | 15(2), 284-300 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Lamy,S., Delayenne H., & Thibaut,F | 2015 | A case of female hypersexuality and child abuse and review | archives of women's mental health | pages 1-3 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Single case study of a mother with mental retardation (sic) and hypersexuality who victimized her son. | ||||||||
| Landor, Roland V.; Susana A. | 2012 | Eisenchlas “Coming Clean” on Duty of Care: Australian Print Media’s Representation of Male Versus Female Sex Offenders in Institutional Contexts | Sexuality & Culture | 16, 4, 486-502 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lane, K. E., & Gwartney-Gibbs, P. A. | 1985 | Violence in the context of dating and sex | Journal of Family Issues | 6(1), 45-59 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 325 students with modified version of Conflict Tactics Scale, 1% of the women threatened to end a relationship if their partner didn’t have intercourse with them, 2.2% reported using continual pressure to obtain intercourse, 2.5% insulted partner to obtain sex, 1.8% got their partner drunk or high to get sex. About 1% of the women threatened or actually used force to get intercourse. | ||||||||
| Lane, S., & Lobanov-Rostovsky, C. | 1997 | Special populations: Children, females, the developmentally disabled, and violent youth | Juvenile Sexual Offending: Causes, Consequences and Correction | 322- 359 | San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers | G. Ryan & S. Lane | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |
| lumps women, intellectually impaired and minors all together | ||||||||
| Lane,K.E., & Gwartney-Gibbs,P.A. | 1985 | Violence in the context of dating and sex | Journal of Family Issues | 6(1), 45-59 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 325 students with modified version of Conflict Tactics Scale, 1% of the women threatened to end a relationship if their partner didn't have intercourse with them, 2.2% reported using continual pressure to obtain intercourse, 2.5% insulted partner to obtain sex, 1.8% got their partner drunk or high to get sex. About 1% of the women threatened or actually used force to get intercourse. | ||||||||
| Langstrom,N., & Hanson, R.K. | 2006 | High rates of sexual behavior in the general populaton: Correlates and predictors | Archives of sexual behavior | 35(1), 37-52 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Both males and females with paraphilia report a high rate of sex partners, of sexual behavior and of sexual appetite/drive. Data from N=2,450 Swedish males/females from 1996 national survey. Was a representative, non-clinical sample. For both sexes, there was an association between paraphilic sexual interests and hypersexuality (equally strong correlation). For both sexes, impersonal or sociosexuality was correlated with relational instability, substance use, general life dissatisfaction. Hypersexuality in female was associated with being younger, having parents who separated during one's childhood, early onset age of intercourse, paraphilic interests, and STDs/ | ||||||||
| Lapierre, Vanessa & Christian C. Joyal | 2015 | Describing Perpetrators of Unknown Rapes: A Qualitative Analysis of Autobiographical Accounts from 676 Victims | Poster Session ATSA 10/15/15 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Used data from 2013 social media site on rape episodes that were never reported to police. N=619 women, N=40 men with 3% of perpetrators listed as female. | ||||||||
| Larimer, M., Lydum, A., Anderson, B., & Turner, A. | 1999 | Male and female recipients of unwanted sexual contact in a college student sample: Prevalence rates, alcohol use, and depression symptoms. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 40, 295-308 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Overall, 34 men (20.7%) reported being the recipients of one or more of the five types of unwanted sexual contact on the SES, whereas 7 women (5.3%) reported instigating one or more of these types of unwanted sexual contact. Gender differences in overall preferences were not statistically significant. | ||||||||
| Larson, N. R., & Maison, S. R. | 1987 | Psychosexual Treatment Program for Female Sex Offenders: Training Manual | St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Corrections, Minnesota Correctional Facility-Stillwater. | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Larson, N. R., & Maison, S. R. | 1995 | Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting. | Acta Sexologica | 1(1), 81-113 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Laury, G. V. | 1992 | When women sexually abuse male psychiatric patients under their care. | Journal of Sex Education and Therapy | 18 (1), 11-16 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Lawson, C | 1993 | Mother-son sexual abuse: Rare or under-reported? A critique of the research. | Child Abuse & Neglect | 17(2), 261-269 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Notes that male victims often won’t disclose until they are in long-term therapeutic relationship. | ||||||||
| Lawson, C. | 1991 | Clinical assessment of mother-son sexual abuse | Clinical Social Work Journal | 19(4), 391-403 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Lawson, L. | 2008 | Female Sex Offenders' Relationship Experiences. [285] | Violence and Victims | 23(3), 331-343 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Occasionally an offender took responsibility for the effect of her offense on her family but in general, offenders blamed their offenses on someone else. The 20 offenders had 28 reported victims. The victim's average age was 14 years (range 8-17); 22 were adolescents aged 13-17. There were 13 female victims and 15 male victims. The boys and girls were the same average age. In general, people were seen as disrespectful, judgmental and immature. Men in particular were seen as arrogant and demanding; women were thought to be bitchy and untrustworthy. They were almost exclusively self-referential. When discussing their offense, for example, they generally reported how it made them feel. When asked about the effects of the offense, they described the effect on themselves, most often in terms of what happened when they got caught. In the rare instances in which they answered questions about why they did what they did, they answered in terms of emotions and relationships, rarely acknowledging any sort of sexual response. When they verbalized their regret or said how bad they felt about what they had done, it was in relation to how their behavior had affected them. They expressed little regret for the impact on the victim. The ways these women behaved in social relationships reduced their chances of meeting their physical and personal needs. They could not see that their inability to meet their life goals was the result of their own actions, so they felt out of control of their lives and did not know why. | ||||||||
| Le Bodic, Cédric, and Fabien Gouriou. | 2010 | La criminalité sexuelle commise par des femmes: critique méthodologique et épistémologique de quelques travaux nord-américains et français. (Sexual crimes committed by women: methodological and epistemological critique of some North American studies and French) | L'Evolution Psychiatrique | 75, no. 1 (2010): 93-106 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lee, D. | 2000 | Hegemonic masculinity and male feminisation: The sexual harassment of men at work. | Journal of Gender Studies | 9(2), 141-155 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lehrer, Jocelyn A , Evelyn L. Lehrer and Mary P. Koss | 2012 | Unwanted Sexual Experiences in Young Men: Evidence from a Survey of University Students in Chile | Archives of Sexual Behavior | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| The public health problem of unwanted sexual experiences (USE) in male youths has received little attention. In this study, we examined prevalence of USE, risk factors, contexts, and barriers to disclosure with data from a quantitative survey of students enrolled in General Education courses at a public university in Chile. This study focused on the male sample (N = 466). Approximately 20.4 % of participants reported some form of USE since age 14. Forced sex through physical coercion, forced sex through verbal coercion or while intoxicated, attempted forced sex, and less severe forms of USE were reported by 0.2, 10.1, 1.4, and 8.7 % of participants, respectively. USE before age 14 was reported by 9.4 % of participants and was a significant predictor of USE since age 14. The perpetrator of USE since age 14 was most commonly identified as a date/partner or friend/acquaintance; other findings on contexts and barriers to disclosure were also generally consistent with previous results in the literature. In addition, we found substantial co-occurrence of USE since age 14 with two other forms of coercion: physical dating violence victimization and coerced condom non-use. The study findings indicate a need for further attention to these public health problems and have implications for the development of violence and HIV/STI prevention programs for adolescent boys and young adult men in Chile and elsewhere. Evidence on the prevalence of USE in adolescent boys and young adult men is limited. In a multinational study of students enrolled in 38 universities, past-year physical coercion to have sex was reported by 2.8 % of male students who had been in a heterosexual relationship in the past year; the corresponding figure for verbal coercion was 22.0 % (Hines, 2007). In a sample drawn from 12 U.S. colleges, 22.2 % of male participants reported some form of USE over their lifetime, with 8.3 % reporting severe USE (involving threats and/or force) (Tewksbury & Mustaine, 2001). In a survey of University of Costa Rica students, 12.8 % of male students reported some form of USE before age 18 (Krugman, Mata, & Krugman, 1992). Approximately 10.5 % of men reported at least one lifetime USE occurrence in a survey of university students in Italy (Romito & Grassi, 2007). Analyses based on study populations outside the educational sector in various countries have also reported variable prevalence estimates (Cáceres, 2005; Choudhary et al., 2010; Olsson et al., 2000). In Chile’s 2000 National Survey of Sexual Behavior, administered to a representative urban sample of adults, 1.9 % of male participants responded affirmatively to the question “Have you ever been a victim of rape?” (Goldstein et al., 2000); other forms of USE were not assessed. The section in the questionnaire on USE began with a paragraph that established a context for recalling a range of such experiences, including incidents in which the participant may have been “asleep, drunk, or otherwise incapacitated,” and where “sex” was defined as vaginal, oral or anal sex. Participants were then asked to respond “yes” or “no” to the following items regarding USE since age 14: (1) someone tried to make me have sex by using threats, arguments or physical force, but this did not happen; (2) someone forced me to have sex using physical force; (3) someone forced me to have sex using threats or other verbal pressures; (4) someone had sex with me after I had been drinking or using drugs, and I was not in a condition to be able to stop what was happening; (5) aside from the types of sexual contact already mentioned, have you experienced any USE, such as forced kissing or grabbing? The participants ranged in age from 17 to 30 years, with a median of 20 years. Approximately 80.3 % lived in Santiago or another large urban area at age 14. A cross-tabulation of urbanicity and living arrangements showed a strong association: 90.7 % of the participants who lived in an urban area at age 14 resided in the parental home while attending college (p < .01). Other descriptive statistics are shown in Table 1. Approximately 9.4 % of participants reported USE before age 14; the perpetrators in the incidents viewed as most severe by the participants were most commonly a friend (23.1 %) and a family member or partner of family member (20.5 %). Other perpetrators were a boyfriend/girlfriend (15.4 %), sexual partner (2.5 %), classmate (7.7 %), teacher (2.6 %), stranger (2.6 %), and “other adult” (15.4 %); the remaining cases correspond to no recall (5.1 %) and no response (5.1 %). Panel A in Table 2 shows the percentage of participants who responded affirmatively to each USE item; some participants reported more than one form of USE. Approximately 77.1 % of incidents of forced sex since age 14 occurred when the participant was under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, unable to stop what was happening. Panel B classifies participants by the most severe form of USE since age 14. Overall, 20.4 % of the sample reported some form of USE in this period. The most severe type was physically-forced sex for 0.2 % of the sample and forced sex through verbal coercion or while intoxicated for 10.1 %. The dependent variable used in the multivariate models was based on the mutually exclusive categories in Panel B: it equals 3 (forced sex/attempts, 11.7 %), 2 (other forms of USE, 8.7 %) or 1 (no USE, 79.6 %). The perpetrator of the most severe incident in childhood was a family member or partner of a family member in eight cases (20.5 %). When we re-estimated Model 2 excluding these cases (to address the concern that our results might be driven by re-victimization by the same person), the AOR decreased but remained large and statistically significant. Participants who reported USE since age 14 (N = 85; 20.4 %) were asked questions about the contexts and disclosure of the incident since age 14 they viewed as most severe; the response rate for these items was approximately 80.0 %. The perpetrator was most commonly identified as a friend, other student, or acquaintance (50.7 %). Other common assailants were boyfriend/girlfriend or ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend (20.9 %) and a date (13.4 %). The remaining cases were reported to have involved strangers (7.5 %), family members (6.0 %) and teachers (1.5 %). The most commonly reported locations were a party (49.3 %) and the perpetrator or victim’s home (29.9 %). Consumption of alcohol and/or other drugs by the victim only, perpetrator only, or both, was involved in 8.7, 11.6, and 43.5 % of cases, respectively. Among participants who indicated USE since age 14, 74.3 % told someone about the incident; 65.7 % told a friend, 2.9 % told a psychologist or social worker, and none told a physician. None of the incidents of forced sex or attempts were reported to the police; the most frequently-endorsed reason for not doing so was “I did not think that what happened was sufficiently serious, or a crime” (50.0 %). Other salient reasons were “I wasn’t sure that the person who did this really wanted to hurt me” (14.3 %); “I felt ashamed” (14.3 %); “fear of revenge from the person who did this” (9.5 %), and “if I told the police, they would not respond” (7.1 %). Among participants who reported any lifetime USE (N = 108), 68.0 % indicated that the perpetrators had been “women only”; the other response options were “women and men” (11.5 %) and “men only” (20.5 %). The response rate for this survey item was 72.2 %. Approximately 32.0 % of study participants who reported any lifetime USE (before and/or since age 14) indicated that some or all of the perpetrators were men. A similar result was found in a study of university students in Italy, where one-third of lifetime USE reported by men involved male perpetrators (Romito & Grassi, 2007). Focusing on the complement of this statistic, approximately two-thirds of participants who reported any lifetime USE indicated female perpetrators only. Related research based on two community samples of young heterosexual men in Germany found that 25.1–30.1 % of participants had experienced female-perpetrated USE and that most men described these incidents as “moderately upsetting” (Krahé, Scheinberger-Olwig, & Bieneck, 2003); as emphasized by the authors of this study, it is unclear whether these findings (and similar earlier findings in the literature) reflect a genuine lack of strong adverse effects, or denial/minimization. A possible contributing factor is the inclusion of relatively “minor” incidents, such as forced kisses, in some USE definitions (Peterson et al., 2011). In addition, psychological impacts of coercion perpetrated by women may be mitigated by the fact that sexual activity with a woman, even under circumstances of coercion, is congruent with the stereotypical male role, unlike sexual activity with a man (Struckman-Johnson & Struckman-Johnson, 1994). | ||||||||
| Letourneau, E. J., Schoenwald, S. K., & Sheidow, A. J. | 2004 | Children and adolescents with sexual behavior problems | Child maltreatment | 9(1), 49-61 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lev, A. I., & Lev, S. | 1999 | Sexual assault in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered communities. | A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions | 35-61 | Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen | J. C. McClennen & J. Gunther | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Lev,A.I, & Lev,S | 1999 | Sexual assault in the lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgendered communities. In J.C. McClennen & J. Gunther (Eds.) | A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions | 35-61 | Lewiston NY: Ed | Assessment or treatment related | ||
| Levenson, J.S., Willis, G.M., & Prescott,D.S. | 2014 | Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Lives of Male Sex Offenders Implications for Trauma-Informed Care | Sexual buse: a journal of research and treatment | pages 1-20 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Used Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale; noted abuse, neglect, plus household dysfunction such as domestic violence, family drug abuse, incarcerated or mentally ill parent. N=679 M.S.O.'s Non-random sample either in civil commitment or outpt sex offender treatment in U.S. Majority (2/3) index offense against a minor. 42% had history of physical abuse, 38% had history of childhood sexual abuse, higher prevalence rates than males in the general/community population. Higher ACE scores correlated with less education, more arrests (non-sexual), use of force/violence during sex crime, injury of crime victim and contact (as opposed to non-contact) sex crimes. | ||||||||
| Levesque, R. J. R. | 1994 | Sex differences in the experience of child sexual victimization [290] | Journal of Family Violence | 9, 357-369 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Levine, K. L. | 2006 | No Penis, No Problem [292] | Fordham Urban Law Journal | Emory Public Law Research Paper No. 05-37 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Levine, K. L. | 2009 | When Gender Meets Sex: An Exploratory Study of Women Who Seduce Adolescent Boys [294] | William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law | 15(2), | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| use of term “seduce’ is inappropriate | ||||||||
| Levine, S. B. | 1982 | A modern perspective on nymphomania | Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy | 8(4), 316-324 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lewis, C. F., & Stanley, C. R. | 2000 | Women accused of sexual offenses. | Behavioral Sciences and the Law | 18(1), 73-81 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=15, 2 of whom had a psychotic disorder, 1 with Schizophrenia, 6 had mental retardation. | ||||||||
| Lidz, R. W., & Lidz, T. | 1969 | Homosexual tendencies in mothers of schizophrenic women. | The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease | 149(2), 229-235 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Liem, J. H., O’Toole, J. G., & James, J. B. | 1992 | The need for power in women who were sexually abused as children: An exploratory study. | Psychology of Women Quarterly | 16(4), 467-480 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Light, David & Elizabeth Monk-Turner | 2009 | Circumstances Surrounding Male Sexual Assault and Rape Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | November 2009 24 (11) 1849-1858 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| This work rests on a subsample of 219 men from the 1994-1996 Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men in the United States Survey. 29% of male respondents in the NVAW sought medical or psychological help after the assault. Results show that men who presented for help were more likely to have reported being physically injured during the assault and that penetration occurred. | ||||||||
| Linda,Julia A. | 2008 | A Mother's Touch: Surviving Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse | Trafford Publishing | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Lipshires, L. | 1994 | Female perpetration of child sexual abuse: An overview of the problem. www.canadiancrc.com/Newspaper_Articles/MovingF_Female_perpetrators_Child_sexual_abuse_JUL94.aspx | Moving Forward News journal | 2(6). | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Lisak, D. | 1994 | The psychological impact of sexual abuse: Content analysis of interviews with male survivors. | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 7, 525-548 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Lisak, D., Hopper, J., & Song, P. | 1996 | Factors in the cycle of violence: Gender rigidity and emotional constriction | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 9(4), 721-743 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Logan, C. | 2008 | Sexual Deviance in Females: Psychopathology and Theory | Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment | 486-507 | New York: The Guilford Press | D. Laws & W. Donohue | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. | 1895 | The female offender | London: T. Fisher Unwin | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Lombroso,C., Ferrero,W. | 1895 | The female Offender | London: T Fisher Unwin | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| London, Ellen | 2004 | A Critique of the Strict Liability Standard for Determining Child Support in Cases of Male Victims of Sexual Assault and Statutory Rape | University of Pennsylvania Law Review | 152 (6) (2004): 1957-1999 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| A 34-year-old woman engages in statutory rape of a 15-year-old boy and becomes pregnant. She gives birth to a daughter and thereafter applies for Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Is the child’s father obligated to pay child support even though he is a victim of statutory rape? So long as a man engages in an intimate sexual act resulting in his depositing of his sperm with a woman who then becomes pregnant, he is liable for child support. | ||||||||
| London,Ellen | 2004 | "A Critique of the Strict Liability for Determining Child Support in Cases of Male Victims of Sexual Assault and Statutory Rape" | University of Pennsylvania Law Review | 152(6) (2004): 1957-1999 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| A 34-year-old woman engages in statutory rape of a 15-year-old boy and becomes pregnant. She gives birth to a daughter and thereafter applies for Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Is the child's father obligated to pay child support even though he is a victim of statutory rape? So long as a man engages in an intimate sexual act resulting in his depositing of his sperm with a woman who then becomes pregnant, he is liable for child support. | ||||||||
| Longdon, C. | 1994 | A survivor and therapist’s viewpoint. | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 47-56 | New York: The Guilford Press | M. Elliott | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Lottes, I. L. | 1991 | The relationship between non-traditional gender roles and sexual coercion. | Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality | 4(4), 89-109 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Lottes, I. L., & Weinberg, M. S. | 1997 | Sexual coercion among university students: A comparison of the United States and Sweden. | The Journal of Sex Research | 34(1), 67-76 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Lottes,I.L. | 1992 | The relationship between nontraditional gender toles and sexual coercion | Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | 4(4), 89-109 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Lottes,I.L., & Weinberg,M.S | 1997 | Sexual coercion among university students: A comparision of the United States and Sweden | The Journal of Sex Research | 34(1), 67-76 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Lukaszek,M | 2013 | Szorstka mlodosc. Socializacyine wyznaczniki zachowan seksualnych mlodziezy (Na podstawie badan whychowwankow Ochotniczyc Hufcow Pracy) Rough youth. Socializing dterminants. | Socialization determinants of young people's sexual behavior (based on students from Voluntary Labor Corps) | Rzeszow University Rzeszow Press | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . overall rates of sexual aggression victimization such as 32% for men and 35.4% for women | ||||||||
| Lukianowicz, N. | 1972 | Incest: I Paternal incest: II other types of incest | British Journal of Psychiatry | 120, 301-313 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Macchietto, J. G. | 1998 | Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual aggression. | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | 187-204 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Specifically on male victims | |
| Macchietto,J.G | 1998 | Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual abuse | Mackelprang, Emily & Judith V. Becker Crime and Punishment: Gender in Teacher Sex Offense Cases (poster, ATSA 2012) | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Used practicing attorneys to read vignettes of cases of teacher/student sexual abuse, with genders either male/female or female/male. Attorneys were more punitive to male offending teachers. | ||||||||
| MacHover, F., & Wieckowski, E. | 1992 | The 10FC Ten-Factor Continua of classification and treatment criteria for male and female sex offenders. | Medical Psychotherapy | 5, 53-63 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mackelprang, E., Becker,J.V. | 2015 | Beauty and the Eye of the Beholder Gender and Attractiveness ffects Judgments in Teacher Sex Offense Cases | Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment | 1-21 1079063215597646 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=432 college grads, read vignettes of 35 yr old teacher victimizing 14 yr old student. Looked at how judgments about bail, incarceration and registration for sexual offending is effected by the perp's gender and attractiveness, all heterosexual versions. Female perps were viewed less harshly, given less punishment than males. Attractive females were treated better than unattractive ones, but this wasn't true for male perps. Also suggested that unattractive FSOs may be viewed the same as MSOs. Author notes an important issue in terms of hiring teachers. Many school systems only use a background check for potential teachers that checks for felonies but an attractive FSO teacher could more easily plea down her charge than a MSO. This wouldn't show up in many future background checks. | ||||||||
| Maier, Thomas; Meichun Mohler-Kuo, Markus A. Landolt, Ulrich Schnyder & Andreas Jud | 2013 | The tip of the iceberg. Incidence of disclosed cases of child sexual abuse in Switzerland: results from a nationwide agency survey | International Journal of Public Health | ‘7/2013 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| About 2.68 cases of CSA per 1,000 children per year are disclosed to agencies (1.11 in males, 4.33 in females). This is roughly twice the average incidence rate reported in methodologically similar studies from Canada, the US, and Australia. Mothers and other female adult caregivers as a group were suspected to be involved in 4.5 % of CSA case | ||||||||
| Maison, S. R., & Larson, N. R. | 1995 | Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting | Nordisk Sexologi | 13, 149-162. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Malacova, E., T. Butler, L. Yap, L. Grant, A. Richards, A. M. A. Smith, and B. Donovan. | 2012 | Sexual coercion prior to imprisonment: prevalence, demographic and behavioural correlates | International journal of STD & AIDS | 23, no. 8 (2012): 533-539 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| surveyed 2351 randomly selected men and women, aged 18–64 years, in New South Wales and Queensland prisons who participated in a computer-assisted telephone interview. Around 14% of men self-reported having been sexually coerced prior to incarceration, with 60% of these experiences occurring before the age of 16 years. Factors independently associated with a self-reported history of sexual coercion were: homosexual and bisexual identity, being unable to work, separated marital status, having been paid for sex, a past sexually transmissible infection (among men), and a history of mental health problems. Prior sexual coercion was associated with unwanted sexual contact and physical assault while in prison | ||||||||
| Maletzky, Barry M. | 1997 | Offender Gender | Sex Abuse: a Journal of Treatment and Research | 9 (3) 1997 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Editorial | ||||||||
| Mandelblatt,A.W. | 2007 | The Stories that Aren't Told:Female Sexual Offenders | doctoral thesis | Wildener University, Pennsylvania | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Mann,R.E, Hanson, R.K., & Thornton,D | 2010 | Assessing risk for sexual recidivism: Some proposals on the nature of psychologicaly meaningful risk factors | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 22(2), 191-217 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Risk assessment and treatment for sexual offenders should focus on individual characteristics associated with recidivism risk. Therefore, we need to know what factors increase recidivism and focus on those. Need a plausible rational that the factor is the cause of the sexual offending AND need strong evidence that it also predicts sexual recidivism AND be psychologically meaningful. For something to be considered a risk factor, meaningful definations of lower/higher risk must be established and they must predict (w/some probability) and outcome. All sexual offence risk is multiply determined; there is no single risk factor that is strongly related to recidivism. Regardomg F.S.O. this isn't being dne. There are repeated statements to focus on victimization and trauma histories which have not been demonstrated to cause sexual offending and/or predict recidivism. | ||||||||
| Manopaiboon,C., Kilmarx, P.H., Limpakarnjanarat,K., Jenkins,R.A.,Chaikummao,S.,supawitkul,S.,& van Griensven, F. | 2003 | Sexual coercion among adolescents in northern Thailand: prevalence and associated factors | Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine | 34: 441-457 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 6.5% of males reported experiencing sexual coercion | ||||||||
| Margolin, L. | 1985 | The effects of mother-son incest. | Journal of Family and Economic Issues | 8(2), 104-114 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Margolin, L. | 1990 | Gender and the stolen kiss: The social support of male and female to violate a partner's sexual consent in a non-coercive situation. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 19(3), 281-291 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Margolin, L. | 1990 | Child abuse by baby-sitters: An ecological interactional interpretation | Journal of Family Violence | 5 (2), 95-105 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Margolin, L. | 1991 | Abuse and neglect in non-parental child care: A risk assessment. | Journal of Marriage and the Family | 53, 694-704 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Margolin, L. | 1991 | Child sexual abuse by no-related caregivers | Child Abuse & Neglect | 15, 213-221 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used info from 325 cases in Iowa Child Abuse Registry, found the most common situation for sexual abuse was by their regular babysitter. One third were committed by females, whose victims were 55% boys and 45% girls, with average age of 5.5 years. | ||||||||
| Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L. | 1989 | Child sexual abuse by caretakers | Family Relations | 450-455 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L. | 1990 | Child abuse by adolescent caregivers | Child Abuse and Neglect | 14 (3), 365-373 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Margolis, M. | 1977 | A preliminary report of a case of consummated mother-son incest. | Annual of Psychoanalysis | 5, 267-293 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Margolis, M. | 1984 | A case of mother-adolescent son incest: A follow-up study. | Psychoanalytic Quarterly | 53, 355-385 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Marinussen, Anne | 2010 | Gender-based sexual violence against men and boys in conflict: recognition of male survivors of sexual violence under international law. Case: The democratic republic of Congo | Specifically on male victims | |||||
| International law: As women’s movements played such an important role in the recognition of sexual violence as a crime, acknowledgement of these crimes only granted females recognition as victims.247 Consequently, gender-based sexual violence against men and boys as an element of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, often goes under noticed, under prosecuted and under punished. International law does not fully recognise that men, too, are vulnerable to sexual violence in armed conflict. This lack of recognition, enforcement and analysis might stem from false assumptions on the nature and frequency of the crimes of sexual violence. the framing of the ICTY’s inquiry into war crimes in the Balkans, including rape and sexual violence, still seem to be influenced by the focus of political elites, international NGOs and feminist scholars and activists on female survivors of sexual violence. Whilst Dr. Sophie Clarin was asked to testify and stated that “men and women were victims of rape”, the ICTY protocol for rape witnesses stated that the “ICTY will provide safety and confidentiality for all women”. Male survivors were thus omitted from the trial process. male rape survivors attending MSF clinics in Ituri have reported being forced to have sexual intercourse with female fighters or guards while in detention. | ||||||||
| Markham, D. | 2002 | Some facts about women religious and child abuse | Covenant, | 41885 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used ad hoc sample of women religious treated at Southdown Institution (Canada) from 1993-2002, reported 0.7 percent of nuns admitted to sexual contact with minors and another 9% with other adults during adulthood. | ||||||||
| Marshall, W. L.; Geris A. Serran & Franca A. Cortoni | 2000 | Childhood Attachments, Sexual Abuse, and Their Relationship to Adult Coping in Child Molesters | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 2000, 12, 1, 17-26 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| (See Aspelmeier) The present study examined the parent–child attachments, typical coping styles, and childhood sexual abuse among 30 child molesters, 24 nonsexual offenders, and 29 non-offenders. The results indicated that all subjects reported greater security in their attachments to their mothers than to their fathers and the insecure patterns of childhood attachments were related to ineffective adult coping. The only difference observed in characteristic coping showed that child molesters were more likely to engage in emotion focused strategies. Child molesters reported having experienced high levels of childhood sexual abuse and these experiences appear to have been more distressing to them than to other subjects. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and treatment | ||||||||
| Martin,Jonathan | 1997 | Jury Finds Woman Guilty of Rape, Assault Spickler-Bowe Becomes Frist Woman Convicting of Raping A Man In Spokane | The Spokesman-Review | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| The victim, a 42-year-old victim suffered a broken nose, cheek and ribs and was bruised over half his body. Doctors testified that the man had been raped with a broomstick battered on 60 percent of his body. Spickler-Bowe is the first woman in Spokane County to be convicted of raping a man | ||||||||
| Marvasti, J. | 1986 | Incestuous mothers | American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry | 7, 63-69 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mason,A., & Blankenship, V. | 1987 | Power and affiliation motivation, stress, and abuse in intimate relationships. | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | 52(1), 203 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=107 female undergraduate students, ages 18-39 (mean 20 years). Given Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and asked to write imaginative stories in response to 4 gender-specific verbal cues: two young women or men working together in a science laboratory; a young woman or man talking about something important to her or his mother or father; a woman and a man sitting together drinking beer while a guitarist plays; three businesswomen or businessmen sitting around a conference table. Also given Life Experiences Survey and modified version of Conflicts Tactics Scale to investigate the amount of physical/psych abuse they inflicted on partners in last year. Had good inter-rater reliability with TAT coders. Women were defined as having a high n-power if score was =/+49.1 and high n-affiliation if score was =/+51.0, hi inhibition if score was =/+47.6, high-negative-stress if scores were =/+11.6. No significant sex difference for n=power or activity inhibition. For women, there was a triple interaction; negative stress X activity inhibition X n-affiliation. Women with high negative stress who also had high n-affiliation and low activity inhibition reported inflicting more physical abuse on their partners. Women with high negative stress, high n-affiliation and low activity inhibition also engaged in more psychological abuse of partners. Women with low negative stress, low n-affiliation and high activity inhibition reported inflicting the least physical abuse on their partners. The women who reported having the most negative life events were significantly more likely to inflict more physical abuse. | ||||||||
| Masson, Helen, Simon Hackett, Josie Phillips, and Myles Balfe | 2013 | Developmental markers of risk or vulnerability? Young females who sexually abuse–characteristics, backgrounds, behaviours and outcomes | Child & Family Social Work | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Presents findings from a sub-sample of 24 young females aged 8 to 16 years who were referred to specialist services in England during the 1990s because of their abusive sexual behaviours. | ||||||||
| Masters, R. E. L. | 1963 | Patterns of incest | Julian Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Notes a case of mother-son incest | ||||||||
| Mathes, Eugene W. | 2013 | Why Is There a Strong Positive Correlation Between Perpetration and Being a Victim of Sexual Coercion? An Exploratory Study | Journal of Family Violence | 2013, 28 (8) 783-796 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| The purpose of this research was to determine if the correlation between perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion is due to a lack of self-control, a coercive lifestyle, or dysfunctional romantic relationships. Two hundred and sixty-two college students completed measures of perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion, lack of self-control, coercive lifestyle, romantic partner’s coercive lovestyle, and partner’s perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion. Support was not found for the lack of self-control and coercive lifestyle explanations; support was found for the dysfunctional relationships explanation. Multiple regression analyses found that the self-control variable that best (negatively) predicted both perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion was valuing long-term, committed romantic relationships. Interventions to prevent perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion should focus not only on the individual victim/perpetrator but also on promoting functional romantic relationships. | ||||||||
| Mathews, J. | 1998 | Working with female sexual abusers | Female Sexual Abuse of Children: The Ultimate Taboo | 50-60 | Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc. | M. Elliot | Assessment or treatment related | |
| Mathews, R. | 1987 | Female Sexual Offenders: Treatment and Legal Issues. | Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Mathews, R. | 1993 | Preliminary typology of female sex offenders | Information packet: Female sexual abusers | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | Safer Society | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J. | 1997 | Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues. | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 9(3), 187-199 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| N=67 adolescent females (ages 11-18 yrs) referred for treatment due to documented history of sexual offense perpetration with male comparison group. Majority of juvenile females had repetitive patterns of sexual offending with multiple victims. Both females and males had history of sexual victimization: 4% of males had female-only perp, 2% of females had female-only perp; 4% of the girls were molested by a sister. The adolescent female offenders had more victims than the males (2.3 to 1.8). 85% of the adolescent female offenders’ victims were relatives, 30% were children they were babysitting and 13% were strangers. 18% of the adolescent female offenders reported intercourse (vaginal/anal) with the victim, 32% reported engaging in oral sex with the victim. 34% reported viewing pornography with their victims. 79% of the adolescent female offenders’ victims were under the age of 5 years, 53% were between 6-11 years. 30% of the adolescent female offenders reported victimizing only males, 16% only females and 21% victimized both males and females. 13% reported using force in one or more perpetrations (nearly the same % as males who used it 17%). | ||||||||
| Mathews, R., Matthews, J. K., & Speltz, K. | 1989 | Female Sexual Offenders: An Exploratory Study. | Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Mathews, R., Matthews, J. K., & Speltz, K. | 1990 | Female sexual offenders | The Sexually Abused Male: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment | 275-293 | Lexington, MA: Lexington Books | M. Hunter | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Mathis, J L. | 1972 | Clear Thinking about Sexual Deviations : A New Look at an Old Problem | Chicago: Nelson-Hall | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | ||||
| “that she might seduce a child into sex play is unthinkable and even if she did so what harm could she do without a penis?” Pg. 54) | ||||||||
| Mathis, R. | 1982 | Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender | Child Welfare | 65, 447-458 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Matravers, A. | 1998 | Women sex offenders: An exploratory study | Prison Research and Development Bulletin | 6 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Matravers,A. | 2002 | Women Sex offenders: The use and misuse of classification. | meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Chicago | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Matthews, J. | 1998 | 11-year perspective of working with female sexual offenders | Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders | 259-272 | New York, NY: Plenum Press | W. L. Marshall, T. Ward, & S. M. Hudson | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Matthews, J. K. | 1994 | Working with female sexual abusers | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 57-73 | New York: The Guilford Press | M. Elliott | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Matthews, J., Matthews, R., & Speltz, K. | 1991 | Female sex offenders: A typology | Family Sexual Abuse: Frontline Research and Evaluation | 199-219 | Newbury Park, NJ: Sage Publications, Inc. | M. Patton | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Maxwell, Louise & Scott, Graham | A review of the role of radical feminist theories in the understanding of rape myth acceptance | Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| Research into rape myth acceptance (RMA) first emerged in the 1970s, when authors such as Brownmiller (1975) and Burt (1980) proposed that rape was a mechanism that allowed men to exert power over women and that the endorsement of rape myths justified this sexual dominance. These influential theories have meant that subsequent definitions of rape myths have failed to acknowledge male victims of serious sexual assault, despite an increase in prevalence rates. More recent research has attempted to explore RMA in relation to male victims, with results suggesting that men are more likely than women to endorse rape myths regarding male victims when the victim is assumed to be homosexual, or when the victim is heterosexual and the perpetrator is female. Brownmiller's theory is challenged and a more holistic view of the importance of sex-role traditionality is explored, while acknowledging the contribution of individual factors relating to the development of RMA | ||||||||
| Mayer, A. | 1993 | Adult female incest offenders: Treatment considerations | Treating Abuse Today | 3(6), 21-26 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mayer,A. | 1992 | Women Sex Offenders: Treatment and Dynamics | Holmes Beach FL: Learning Publications, Inc | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Typologies: female rapist, female sexual harasser, mother molester, homosexual offender or triads (females acting with accomplices). | ||||||||
| Maynard, Carri, and Michael Wiederman | 1997 | Undergraduate students' perceptions of child sexual abuse: Effects of age, sex, and gender-role attitudes | Child Abuse & Neglect | 21, no. 9 (1997): 833-844 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=404 college students who read 1 of 8 vignettes of child sexual abuse. Abuse where the victims who were 15 were seen as less abusive and the adult perp was seen as less responsible than the same cases with a 7 yr old. Heterosexual abuse was seen as less abusive than same-sex abuse. | ||||||||
| McCartan, L. M., & Gunnison, E. | 2009 | Individual and Relationship Factors That Differentiate Female Offenders With and Without a Sexual Abuse History | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| McCarthy, D. | 1981 | Women Who Rape | Unpublished manuscript | Adult victim, adult perp | ||||
| McCarty, L.M. | 1986 | Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender | Child Welfare | 65(5), 447-458 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Typologies: Independent, Co-offending mothers or Accomplices. At Dallas Incest Tx program, had 29 mothers during 3 yr period (4% of their population), 26 were bio-mothers, 1 was step-mother, 1 was adoptive mother and 1 was biological mother’s female lover. 12 women were independent offenders. 11 out of 29 had female victims (age range 2-15 with average 6.4 yrs). 5 of these 7 had serious mental illnesses (history of inpatient hospitalizations). 8 of the 29 had male victims (4-17 yrs with average 9.6 yrs) and 1 abused both male and female victims. 8 of the 29 women had married by age 15 yrs old. Co-offending women tended to have multiple marriages, the independent offender tended to have one marriage. 8 of the independent offenders were in some form of ‘crisis’ at the onset of the offending, having a divorce or other relational change. Only 1 of the co-offending women was willing to leave her offending male partner in order to keep her children from being removed from the home and this was only due to agency intervention. All the Independent offenders and 80% of the co-offenders had average intelligence. | ||||||||
| McClay, R. | 1999 | Female Sex Offenders: A Comparative Study of Beliefs and Attitudes of Mental Health Graduate Students and Non-mental Health Graduate Students. | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| McCleary, R. & Tewksbury, R. | 2010 | Female Patrons of Porn | Deviant Behavior | 31(2), 208-223 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| McCloskey, K. A. & Raphael, D. N. | 2005 | Adult Perpetrator Gender Asymmetries in Child Sexual Assault Victim Selection: Results from the 2000 National Incident-Based Reporting System. | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 14(4), 1-24 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| McCollum, J. | 2010 | The Romance of Henry James’s Female Pedophile | MP: an Online Feminist Journal | 3(1), 39-56 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| McConaghy, N., & Zamir, R. | 1995 | Heterosexual and homosexual coercion, sexual orientation and sexual roles in medical students. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 24(5), 489-502 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| McCrann, D., Lalor, K., & Katabaro, J. K. | 2006 | Childhood sexual abuse among university students in Tanzania | Child abuse & neglect | 30(12), 1343-1351 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 8.8% of males reported a history of unwanted sexual intercourse by adult females. The male victims’ average age was 12.6 yrs. | ||||||||
| McGinnis,W.J. | 2015 | The validity of the Iowa Sex Offender Risk Assessment for predicting recidivism in female sexual offenders. | Dissertation University of Iowa | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Assessed whether the ISORA could predict recidivism of FSOs. Recidivism measured as new conviction for sexual crime or other violent crime vs. any new conviction. N=105 FSOs from Ioa. Notes the disconnection between the available literature on female criminals (focused more on their victim histories, their economic plight) vs. the Bureau of Justice Statistics' reporting on female involvement in kidnapping, rape and sexual assault. Discussed recidivism base rates (proportion of population who does the behavior), which is related to a variety of factors including length of follow-up, measurement used, etc. Cites Dowden & Andrews' (1999) met-analysis of high/low risk female offenders which reported that treatment targeting Criminogenic factors were showed stronger treatment effects. | ||||||||
| McLean IA. | 2013 | The male victim of sexual assault | Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 2013 27 (1) 39-46 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Under-reporting by male victims is more pronounced than for females victims, and so male victims remain a rarity for most sexual assault aftercare service providers. In this chapter, I present a review of forensic medical and psycho-social literature on male-on-male rape and sexual assault. Where appropriate, comparison is made with female victims, as that is the context with which most aftercare service providers are familiar. The following aspects are covered: prevalence; definitions; social perceptions of perpetrators and victims of sexual assault on males; characteristics of victims and assaults; physiological and psychological responses; and implications for forensic medical investigation. | ||||||||
| McLeod, David Axlyn | 2013 | The Impact of Perpetrator Gender on Child Protective Services Sexual Abuse Cases: A National Picture | Dissertation Virginia Commonwealth U | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Numerous calls for further research have been made, but relatively few studies have had the ability to shed significant light on this phenomenon on a national level. This project utilizes a dataset of virtually every reported child protective services case in the United States for the fiscal year 2010 in order to investigate the dynamics of perpetrator gender on child sexual offending in substantiated cases. Offense characteristics, as well as case level components, were assessed to investigate not only the differences in offending behavior but also the ways gender affects how offenders enter and exit our child protective systems and the services they receive while there. Extensive differences were uncovered as related to perpetrator gender. Models were informed by the female sexual offending literature. Practice and policy implications are discussed. | ||||||||
| Mcleod,D.A. | 2015 | Female offeders in child sexual abuse cases: A national picture | Journal of child sexual abuse | 24(1), 97-114 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Used National Child Abouse & Neglect Data Systems Child File 2010, linked each Perp to a specific Substantiated sexual abuse case. N=13,492 females. F.S.O targeted female victims in 68% of cases, male victims in 31.8% Mean victim age for F.S.O. was 9.43 years; they had a larger range of victims including younger victims, compared to M.S.O.s. When the perp was a co parent, it was 4.5 times more likely that the perp was female; female offenders were listed as parent of the victim in nearly 80% of the ases. When the perp was an adoptive parent, it was 3 times more likely tht the perp was female. In 'care-taker' cases it was 1.5 times more likely that the perp was female. If the victim was re-victimied by a prior abuser, it was nearly twie more likely that this re-offending perp was female.• When the victim was known to have used drugs, then the perp was 3 times more likely to have been a female. When the victim was physically disabled, then it was more than 2.5 times likely that the perp was female and almost twice as likely to be female if the victim had previously reported maltreatment of any kind. • If there was Domestic Violence in the home, then the perp was 2 ½ times more likely to be female. The author of this study assumes that the domestic violence is being perpetrated against the female, without providing data for that assumption. Given that intimate partner violence by females is wide spread (see Archer), this assumption would need to be substantiated. • In this study, F.S.O.s were identified in 1 out of 5 substantiated cases as the primary perp. In cases of 2 perps/co-offenders, 42% of cases had F.S.O. as secondary perp. | ||||||||
| McLeod,D.A., Natale,A.P., & Johnson, Z.R. | 2015 | Comparing Theoretical Perspectives on Female Sexual Offending Behaviors: Applying a Trauma-Informed Lens. | Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | pages 1-14 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Medlicott, R. W. | 1967 | Parent-child incest | Australasian Psychiatry | 1(4), 180-187 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Notes the existence of mother-child incest. | ||||||||
| Meiselman, Karin C. | 1978 | Incest: A psychological study of causes and effects with treatment recommendations. | Jossey-Bass | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Mellor CS, Farid NR, Craig DF. | 1988 | Female hypersexuality treated with cyproterone acetate | American Journal of Psychiatry | 145 (8) 1037 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Case study of 31 yr old female who sexually assaulted an adult male, masturbated 6-8 times daily, sought help due to fears of sexually assaulting minor age males at her new job situation. | ||||||||
| Mellor, D. & Deering, R. | 2010 | Professional response and attitudes toward female-perpetrated child sexual abuse: a study of psychologists, psychiatrists, probationary psychologists and child protection workers. | Psychology, Crime & Law | 16(5), 415-438 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Ménard, K. S., Hall, G. C. N., Phung, A. H., Ghebrial, M. F. E., & Martin, L. | 2003 | Gender Differences in Sexual Harassment and Coercion in College Students Developmental, Individual, and Situational Determinants | Journal of Interpersonal Violence, | 18(10), 1222-1239 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=278 female , 148 male college students, mostly Caucasian and heterosexual. Gave them measures on histories of child sexual abuse, adult sexual victimization, personality (Love and Dominance factors), Adversarial Heterosexual beliefs, non-sexual aggression, alcohol expectancies, sexual harassment and sexual coercion. 16% of women agreed to sexual coercion items, 7.69% agreed to sexual harassment items. There was no difference between males/females in childhood sexual abuse histories. For males, childhood sexual abuse predicted sexually harassing behaviors (as well as adversarial hetero beliefs and alcohol expectancies) and adult sexual victimization and alcohol expectancy predicted sexually coercive behaviors (in other words, men who were sexually victimized as kids and/or as adults were more likely to engage in these forms of sexual aggression). For females, adversarial heterosexual beliefs, aggression and alcohol expectancies predicted sexual harassment and low scores on the ‘love’ dimension (which indicates a hostile interpersonal style) predicted sexually coercive behaviors. In other words, women who held adversarial beliefs about relationships, had a hostile interpersonal style and were aggressive were more likely to engage in these forms of sexual aggression. | ||||||||
| Mendel, M.P. | 1993 | The male survivor: The impact of sexual abuse | London, UK: Sage | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| 60% of the 121 males in study reported that their sexual abuser as children was female. | ||||||||
| Merchant, Roland C., Tse Chiang Lau, Tao Liu, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Bruce M. Becker | 2009 | Adult sexual assault evaluations at Rhode Island emergency departments, 1995–2001 | Journal of Urban Health | 86, no. 1 (2009): 43-53 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 3.3% of victims were male, 59.3% sustained an anal assault, with average annual IR of ED visits at 1.2/100,000/yr. Also noted two female–female assaults | ||||||||
| Messer, J., Maughan, B., Quinton, D., & Taylor, A. | 2004 | Precursors and correlates of criminal behaviour in women | Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health | 14(2), 82-107 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mezey, GC; King, MB | 2000 | Male Victims of Sexual Assault. (2nd ed.). | Oxford University Press: Oxford | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Miccio-Fonseca, L. C. | 2000 | Adult and adolescent female sex offenders: Experiences compared to other female and male sex offenders | Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | 11, 75-88 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Miles, Glenn, and Kathryn M. Davis. | 2013 | The Exploitation of boys/Youth in the Massage Trade | Specifically on male victims | |||||
| 41% of Masseurs reported first sexual experience 14-15 yrs, 24% ages 12-13. 27% of escorts reported first sexual experience between ages 14-15 yrs. 58% of masseurs had first sex with a female, 50% of escorts had first sex with a female. Of those masseurs having first time sex w/ a female, 14% said it was with a client. Of those escorts whose initial sex was with a female, 30% was with a client. In other words, between 14%-30% lost their virginity to a female customer of the sex trade. | ||||||||
| Miletski, H. | 1999 | Mother-Son Incest: The Unthinkable Broken Taboo | Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Miller, D., Trapani, C., Fejes,-Mendoza, K., Eggleston, C., & Dwiggins, D. | 1995 | Adolescent female offenders: Unique considerations | Adolescence | 30, 429-435 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Miller, H. A., Turner, K., & Henderson, C. E. | 2009 | Psychopathology of Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Males and Females Using Latent Profile Analysis | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 36: 8, 778-792 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Categorized Female/Male sexual offenders using their answers to the PAI regarding their Defensiveness, Substance Use and Psychopathology. Females were more likely to be in the moderate or elevated psychopathology category. | ||||||||
| Miller, Holly | 2013 | The Utility of Offending Pathways and Typologies in the Treatment of Female Sex Offenders | Poster Session ATSA 2013 Chicago | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| researchers (e.g., Gannon et al., 2010) have attempted to further develop theory and understanding of female sex offending by describing possible pathways. Although these pathways and typologies are utilized in attempt to contribute to theory development by revealing groups or clusters of demographic and other characteristics (such as personality, psychopathology, and victim relationship) that may be related to reoffending, most research remains descriptive only. Little research has examined whether these possible pathways and typologies offer any theoretical or in-depth understanding of female sex offenders for the purpose of treatment and management. The current study examined the demographic and offense variables of 125 incarcerated female sex offenders to determine which of the most popular/researched typologies would classify most of the sample and whether any differences in psychopathology and trauma symptoms were found between the clustered groups. Next the participants were classified into the three stable pathways to female sex offending (Gannon et al., 2010) and compared these groups of female sex offenders on measures of personality, psychopathology and trauma symptoms. The participants for the study included 125 current and past female sexual offenders completing the treatment program while incarcerated in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The average participant was 32 years old, single, White, with approximately 10 years of education. The sample had an average IQ of 91 and was almost evenly split between females who offended alone or with a male co-offender. The average length of sentence was 10 years with the most commonly occurring offenses of aggravated sexual assault of a child or sexual assault of a child. The majority of the sample had histories of being a victim of sexual and/or physical abuse as a child and an average of four previous arrests. Of the offenders with past arrests, 12 had previous sex offense arrests. The participants were given both the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) as part of their routine assessment into the treatment program. The participant’s files were also used to code offense, victim, and demographic information. The participants were then typed with five of the most commonly researched and discussed typologies for female sex offenders (with inter-rater reliability estimates). Classification rates for the five typologies ranged from 61% to 100% of the participants being able to fit into one of the clusters suggested by the typology. However, when the types were compared for significant differences of psychopathology, personality functioning, and trauma symptoms, no significant differences were found between any of the types (and typologies) examined. The female sex offenders were also placed into the three offending pathway groups suggested by Gannon et al. (2010) and compared on the measures of personality functioning, psychopathology, and trauma symptoms. Results indicated significant differences between the groups and provide more information than the typologies for theory development and the treatment of female sexual offenders. Utility of the offending pathway model and typologies for theory development and treatment are discussed. | ||||||||
| Miller, Susannah | 1995 | Overturning of Michael M: Statutory Rape Law becomes Gender-Neutral in Connecticut | UCLA Women’s Legal Journal | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Miller,P.M., & Lisak,D | 1999 | Associations between childhood abuse and personality disorder symptoms in college males | Journal of interpersonal violence | 14(6), 642-656 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=584 men, average age 28 years, reported histories of sexual abuse, physical abuse or both. 10.6% of men reported histories of sexual abuse without physical abuse, 10.4% reported sexual abuse with physical abuse (21%). Abuse histories were associated with greater levels of adult personality disorder symptoms (Borderline, Narcissistic, Passive/Aggressive) | ||||||||
| Minasian,M.A., & Lewis,A.D. | 1999 | Female sexual abusers: An unrecognized culture. In A.D. Lewis (Ed) | Cultural diversity in sexual abuser treatment: Issues and approaches | 71 Brandon VT-Safer Society Press | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Mirkin, H. | 1999 | The Pattern of Sexual Politics -- Feminism, Homosexuality and Pedophilia | Journal of Homosexuality | 37(2), 1-24 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mitchell, J., & Morse, J. | 1997 | From Victim to Survivor: Women Survivors of Female Perpetrators | London: Taylor & Francis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Mohler-Kuo, Meichun, Markus A. Landolt, Thomas Maier, Ursula Meidert, Verena Schönbucher, and Ulrich Schnyder | 2013 | Child Sexual Abuse Revisited: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Among Swiss Adolescents | Journal of Adolescent Health | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| An epidemiological survey of nationally representative sample of 6,787 ninth-grade students (15.5 ± .66 years of age) in Switzerland. 9/09-5/10 assessed using the newly developed Child Sexual Abuse Questionnaire. Overall, 17.2% of boys reported having experienced at least one type of CSA event. Lifetime prevalence rates for boys was 14.9% for CSA without physical contact, 4.8% for CSA with physical contact without penetration, and 2.6% for CSA with penetration. More than 70% of male victims reported having been abused by juvenile perpetrators. Depending on the specific event, only 5.8%–38% of male victims disclosed CSA, mostly to peers | ||||||||
| Moore, Ann M., Nyovani Madise, and Kofi Awusabo-Asare | 2012 | Unwanted sexual experiences among young men in four sub-Saharan African countries: prevalence and context | Culture, health & sexuality | 14 (9) 2012: 1021-1035 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This study examines the prevalence of unwanted sexual experiences at sexual debut as well as ever among young men aged 12–19 years old in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. The data come from nationally-representative surveys and in-depth interviews with approximately 50 young men in each country gathered around 2004. Between 4 and 12% of young men stated that they were ‘not willing at all’ at sexual debut and between 3 and 6% said that they had ever experienced unwanted sex. Narratives from in-depth interviews give insights into the context surrounding men's unwanted sexual experiences. The sometimes conflicting information provided by the respondents serve to confound rather than illuminate the contexts within which these unwanted sexual experiences occurred, demonstrating that coercion for young men looks extremely different than coercion for young women, spurring us to improve our measures of sexual coercion among men. | ||||||||
| Moore, T. | 2009 | The female discount for sexual predators | Nashville Scene, News | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Morgan,L.,, Brittain, B., & Welch,J. | 2012 | Multiple Perpetrator Sexual Assault How Does it Differ From Assault by a Single Perpetrator? | Journal of interpersonal violence | 27(12), 2415-2436 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Morris JF, Balsam KF | 2003 | Lesbian and bisexual women's experiences of victimization: mental health, re-victimization, and sexual identity development | Journal of Lesbian Studies | 7:67-85 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . N=2,431 lesbians and bisexual women, national sample, 1.3-4.8% reported sexual victimization by an intimate partner. | ||||||||
| Motz, A. | 2001 | Female sexual abuse of children | The Psychology of Female Violence: Crimes Against the Body | 15-58 | Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis | A. Motz | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Moulden, H. M., Firestone, P., & Wexler, A. F. | 2007 | Child Care Providers who commit sexual offenses: A description of offender, offense and victim characteristics. | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology | 51(4), 384-406 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used archival Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System reports from the RCMP. N=14 adult female, 163 adult male, 28 juvenile female & 100 juvenile male sex offenders. Most of the female offenders used their position of authority as a means of contact with victims. Female offensive behaviors included fondling (most common behavior), digital penetration, insertion of object into victim, oral sex, intercourse and a single instance of bestiality. The adult female offenders had 1-4 victims, most were single. 100% of the offenses were listed as sexually motivated (deviant sexuality). Majority of victims were <5 yrs old with about half the victims each male/female. The adult female SOs were more violent to their victims and there is a single victim’s death listed in the study. The juvenile female SOs had between 1-4 victims each, majority of victims were <5 yrs old and 97% of the offenses were listed as sexually motivated. Majority of their victims were female. | ||||||||
| Moyano,N., & Sierra,J.C. | 2015 | Sexual victimization, sexual conditions, desire and excitation/inhibition in community Spanish male and female sexual aggressors. | Journal of Sexual Aggression | pages 1-16 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=community sample of 228 males (67 history of sexual aggression) & 333 females (43 history of sexual aggression). Aggressor females reported more frequent thoughts of dominance and more negative impersonal cognitions | ||||||||
| Muehlenhard, C. L. | 1998 | The importance and danger of studying sexually aggressive women | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | 19-48 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Muehlenhard, C. L., & Kimes, L. A. | 1999 | The social construction of violence: The case of sexual and domestic violence | Personality and Social Psychology Review | 3, 234-245 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Muehlenhard, C.L., & Cook, S.W. | 1988 | Men’s self-reports of unwanted sexual activity | Journal of Sex Research | 24, 58-72 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Mullen, Paul E., and David M. Fergusson | 1999 | Childhood sexual abuse: An evidence-based perspective | Vol. 40. Sage, 1999 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| 1/5 of all child sexual abusers are female | ||||||||
| Munro,K | 2002 | Male sexual abuse victims of female perpetrators: Society's betrayal of boys | Posneto 2, 2006 | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Murphy, J. E. | 1988 | Date abuse and forced intercourse among college students | Family abuse and its consequences: New directions in research | 285-296 | Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. | G. T. Hotaling, D. Finkelhor, & J. T. Kirkpatrick | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Murray, J. B. | 2000 | Psychological Profile of Pedophiles and Child Molesters | The Journal of Psychology | 134(2), 211-224 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Murrell, A. J., & Dietz‐Uhler, B. L. | 1993 | Gender identity and adversarial sexual beliefs as predictors of attitudes toward sexual harassment | Psychology of Women Quarterly | 17(2), 169-175 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Muskens, Maarten, Stefan Bogaerts, Marjolijn van Casteren, and Sybille Labrijn | 2011 | Adult female sexual offending: A comparison between co-offenders and solo offenders in a Dutch sample | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 17, no. 1 (2011): 46-60 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| 60 adult female sexual offenders referred for an inpatient or outpatient psychiatric and/or psychological evaluation between January 1999 and December 2008. Mixed adult (38) & juvenile (21) offenders, mixed rape (15), statutory rape (13) , procurement (1), incitement to prostitution (1) and child porn possession (5) all in one study. 3 of the women had 2+ male accomplices, 6 had a female/male accomplices. All cases appear to involve either the perp’s own children or children living in their home (no teacher cases). Almost half of the female sexual offenders in this study received either a suspended sentence or probation. There was no difference between co-offending women and solo offending women in terms of average number of victims, victimizing pre-pubescent children, victimizing male or female children, previous conviction history or number of DSM IV personality disorders (although the Solo offenders were only diagnosed with BPD, while the co-offenders were diagnosed with BPD, APD, Avoidance and Dependent personality disorders). The Solo offenders were more likely to have unrelated victims (58.3%) compared to co-offenders ((27.1) and no solo offender had both female and male victims although 10.9% of the co-offending women had victims of both sexes. Follow up time ranged from 3 months to 11 years, with an average of 5.75 years. There were no cases of sexual recidivism in either population during follow up but there were cases of violent recidivism (1.9%) and general recidivism (7.7%). The recidivists were more likely to have had unrelated victims in their index offense (50%), more likely to have a history of violent convictism (25%) and more likely to have a history of any conviction (75%) compared to non-recidivists (31.3%; 4.2% and 29.2%). Although the recidivists did not go on to commit and observed sexual offense during the follow up time, they were more likely to have a diagnosed paraphilia (25%) than the non-recidivists (4.2%). The Solo offenders were 13 times more likely to commit a new non-sexual crime than were co-offenders but the risk factors are yet unclear. | ||||||||
| Nadkarni, A., Dean, K., Weiss, H. A., & Patel, V. | 2011 | Prevalence and correlates of perpetration of violence among young people: a population-based survey from Goa, India | Asia-Pacific journal of public health/Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| N=3,663 Indian youths age 16-24. Perpetration of violence during last 12 months was 10.2% prevalence. For males, being a victim of forced sexual intercourse was associated with perpetration of violence. | ||||||||
| Nasjleti, M. | 1980 | Suffering in silence: the male incest victim | Child Welfare | 59(5), 269-275 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Study of the treatment of adolescent male victims (12-17) of incest. Notes the significant negative effects of sexual victimization by a mother or mother-surrogate. The author noted that most male child victims would not discuss their experiences regardless of gender of therapist. Saw this as related to the way males are constructed in society, are told they can’t rely on others or display dependence, aren’t supposed to express feelings or admit victimization. | ||||||||
| Nathan, P., & Ward, T. | 2001 | Female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues | Psychiatry, Psychology, & Law | 8, 44-55 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Nathan, P., & Ward, T. | 2001 | Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 8(1), 5-21 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth | 2004 | NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Nelson, A., & Oliver, P. | 1998 | Gender and the Construction of Consent in Child-Adult Sexual Contact: Beyond Gender Neutrality and Male Monopoly | Gender & Society | 12(5), 554-577 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Neither legalistic gender-neutral categories nor prior feminist theories adequately capture all of the gender dynamics of child sexual abuse. Surveys of 923 young adults, 88 of whom reported sexual contact with adults before they were 16, complemented by intensive follow-up interviews with 18 reporting contact, reveal that gendered constructions of sexuality and dominance make the experience of abuse significantly different for boys and girls. Girls nearly always had contact with men and tended to experience it as harmful abuse. Boys were more likely to have contact with women than with men; they generally interpreted contact with women as consensual, but their contact with men as abusive. Extensions of feminist gender analysis are required to explain these patterns. | ||||||||
| Nelson, E. D. | 1994 | Females who sexually abuse children: A discussion of gender stereotypes and symbolic assailants | Qualitative Sociology | 17(1), 63-88 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Nelson,S. | 2005 | Torn up with anger. What happens to male survivors of childhood sexual abuse? | Mental Health Today | 29-31 | Brighton, England | Specifically on male victims | ||
| Not Yet Published | 1995-2013 | Female Sex Offende: s there a difference between solo and co-offenders? | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| dataset is all FSO's convicted of sex crime in Arkansas 1995-2013 and sentenced to prison or probation. N=209. Mean age 30.5. There was a 3 year average age differene between Solo and Co, with Solos being younger; Most were white: only 1 female/female co-offender pair. Most co-offenders were married. Both groups tended to be employed at a time of offense and have a HS dimploma but solos were more likely. Only 9 out of the entire sample had a prior sex crime arrest and only 23% had any previous arrest at al. Victims ranged from -=52 mean=13/4 median=14. Solo victim average age=14 co-offender victim average=11. The average age of Mother's victim was 8.5 yrs (6 years younger than the rest of the sample average.) 58% of solo victims were male; 42% were female. 71% of co-offender victims were female; 29% were male. Most common conviction were 2nd degree sexual assault (non penetration of <14 yr old) and 4th degree (statutory rape). Noted that due to plea bargaining, the conviction did not necessarily represent the actual offense. Most frequent relationship was mother;child (27% and teacher;student (12%). They collapsed the realtionships into Position of Trust (85% were solos) Mother (35% were co-offending) Other Relative and NO Relation. If the victim was male, the likelihood of this involving a solo offender increased by 1077%. | ||||||||
| NSPCC. | 2009 | More Children telling Childline about Female sex abusers | Press release | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Nyembezi, Anam, Ken Resnicow, Shegs James, Itumeleng Funani, Sibusiso Sifunda, Robert AC Ruiter, Bart van den Borne, Kathy Sanders-Phillips, and Priscilla Reddy | 2012 | The association between ethnic identity and sexual coercion among young men in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa | Journal of health psychology | 17, no. 7 (2012): 1089-1094 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Individual face-to-face structured interviews were conducted among 1656 men who had undergone male initiation and circumcision in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Overall, 8.4 per cent of the participants reported ever having forced someone to have sex. Logistic regression adjusting for age, working status, education level and nation of origin showed that participants that expressed high cultural affiliation were significantly less likely to sexually coerce someone. The findings suggest that emphasizing cultural commitment may reduce sexual coercion, though findings need to be replicated. | ||||||||
| O’Connor, A.A. | 1987 | Female sex offenders | British Journal of Psychiatry | 150, 615-620 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used incarcerated sample of 81 women | ||||||||
| O’Dougherty-Wright, M., Norton, D. L., & Matusek, J. A. | 2010 | Predicting verbal coercion following sexual refusal during a hookup: Diverging gender patterns | Sex Roles | 62 (9-10), 647-660 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| College sample who had experiences of wanting more sexual contact than their heterosexual partner wanted; 14% of the women admitted to having this rejecting experience. Females reported stronger negative responses, likely because the male’s refusal was a significant expectancy violation. Women had significantly higher ratings of anger, rejection, embarrassment, frustration and surprise. Women who felt rejected were 2.39 times more likely to coerce. Embarrassed women were signkellificantly less likely to coerce. Interestingly, women who had hostility towards other women were more likely to coerce. | ||||||||
| O’Shea, K. A., & Fletcher, B. R. | 1997 | Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography | Westport, CT: Greenwood | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| O'Brien, M. J. | 1991 | Taking sibling incest seriously | Family sexual abuse: Frontline research and evaluation | Sage | Patton, M. Q. | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Suggests that Child Protection Services manage cases of sexual offending more often than do law enforcement agencies if the victim and perp are related. (Therefore, they may be a source of info on un-official recidivism rates). | ||||||||
| Office of the Under Secretary | 2004 | Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature | Washington, DC | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Ogilvie, B. | 2004 | Mother-daughter incest: A guide for helping professionals | New York: Haworth Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Ogilvie, B., & Daniluk, J. | 1995 | Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling | Journal of Counseling and Development | 73, 598-602 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Ogilvie, BA. | 1992 | The experience of Mother-daughter incest | Unpublished Master’s Thesis | University of British Columbia | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Ogilvie,B., & Daniluk,J | 1995 | Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling | Journal o Counseling and Development | 73, 598-602 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Ogilvie,BA | 1992 | The experience of Mother-daughter incest | Unpublished Master's thesis University of British Columbia | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Okonkwo, J. E., & Ibeh, C. C. | 2003 | Female sexual assault in Nigeria | International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics | 83(3), 325-326 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Oliver, B. E. | 2007 | Preventing Female-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse | Trauma Violence & Abuse | 8 (1) 19-32 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Noted that the issue of deviant sexual arousal including child-oriented sexual fantasies, is largely ignored in the field. Suggested addressing cognitive distortions in female sex offenders, using babysitting-training classes to teach that exploratory behavior with children is abuse rather than play. Recommended educating teachers that teacher-student relationships are inappropriate. | ||||||||
| Oliver,B.E., & Holmes,L. | 2015 | Female juvenile sexual offenders: Understanding who they are and possible steps that may prevent some girls from offending | Journal of child sexual abuse | 24 (6), 698-715 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Onyango,M.A., & Hampanda,K. | 2011 | Social Constructions of Masculinity and Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence: an Analytical Review | International Journal of Sexual Health | 23(4), 237-247 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| O'Shea,K.A., & Fletcher,B.R. | 1997 | Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography | Westport CT : Greenwood | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| O'Sullivan, L. F. & Byers, E. | 1993 | Eroding stereotypes: College women's attempts to influence reluctant male sexual partners | Journal of Sex Research | 30(3), 270-282 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| O'Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., Finkelman, L. | 1998 | A comparison of male and female college student's experiences of sexual coercion | Psychology of Women Quarterly | 22(2), 177-195 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Oswald, D., & Russell, B. | 2006 | Perceptions of sexual coercion in heterosexual dating relationships: The role of aggressor gender and tactics | Journal of Sex Research | 43(1), 87-95 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Men who coerce are viewed as aggressive; women who coerce are viewed as promiscuous | ||||||||
| Oswald, D.L., & Holmgreen, L. | 2013 | Female Sexual Aggression on College Campusus: Prevalence, Correlates, and Perceptions | Perceptions of Female Offenders | 77-91 | Springer New Y | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Defined sexual aggression as broad range of behaviors designed to result in sexual interaction with individuals against his/her will, including threats to end relationship, to use violence as well as exploitation of incapacitated state. Implications for minimizing female sexual aggression includes lack of criminal justice acknowledgment, less assistance (restraining orders), less services for the victims. | ||||||||
| Palmer, R. S., McMahon, T. J., Rounsaville, B. J., & Ball, S. A. | 2010 | Coercive Sexual Experiences, Protective Behavioral Strategies, Alcohol Expectancies and Consumption Among Male and Female College Students | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 25(9), 1563-1578 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Palmero, G. | 2003 | Female Offenders in a Changing Society | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology | 47(1), 493-497 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Paolucci, E. O., Genuis, M. L., & Violato, C. | 2001 | A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse | The Journal of Psychology | 135(1), 17-36 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Papadakaki,M., Tsalkanis,A., Aravantinou,A., Efixidi,R., Iosifdis,J., Chliaoutakis,J. | 2013 | Factors that Promote Sexual Aggression in Young Men | Hellenic Journal of Psychology | 20(2) | Specifically on male victims | |||
| found male victimization rate of 80.5%. | ||||||||
| Patel, Vikram, and Gracy Andrew | 2001 | Gender, sexual abuse and risk behaviours in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey in schools in Goa | National Medical Journal of India | 14, no. 5 (2001): 263-266 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| rural boys were more likely to have experienced coercive sexual intercourse than urban boys (10.3% v. 2.5%). The commonest perpetrators for boys were older students or friends (80%). The study did not report the gender of the perps despite noting that boys were coerced into sexual intercourse. | ||||||||
| Pearson, P. | 1997 | When She Was Bad: Violent Women & the Myth of Innocence | New York: Viking Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Peluso, E., & Putnam, N. | 1996 | Case study: Sexual abuse of boys by females | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | 35(1), 51-54 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Small clinical sample | ||||||||
| Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gomez-Benito, J. | 2009 | The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis | Clinical Psychology Review | 29(4), 328-338 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Pereda,N.,, Guilera,G., Forns,M.,& Gomez-Benito,J | 2009 | The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis | Clinic Psychology Review | 29(4), 328-338 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . Reviewed prevalence using electronic database of 65 articles (22 countries). 7.9% of males reported sexual victimization in childhood with a severity similar to that of female victims. | ||||||||
| Perrott, S. B., & Webber, N. | 1996 | Attitudes toward male and female victims of sexual assault: Implications for services to the male victim | Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | 8(4), 19-38 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=180 college students read sexual assault vignettes. Female victims were seen as more responsible for their victimization by not expecting it. Male victims were seen as responsible for not having fought off their perps. | ||||||||
| Peter, T. | 2006 | Mad, Bad, or Victim? Making Sense of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse | Feminist Criminology | 1, 4, 283 - 302 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Peter, T. | 2008 | Speaking About the Unspeakable. Exploring the Impact of Mother Daughter Sexual Abuse | Violence Against Women | 9, 1033-1053 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Peter, T. | 2009 | Exploring Taboos: Comparing Male and Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 7, 1111 – 1128 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used 1998 data from Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse & Neglect, with 37 female sex offenders (11%). Females abused younger children than males did. The majority of children came from families with lower socioeconomic status although one in five victims of female-perpetrated sexual abuse came from middle-class homes. Referrals to child welfare agencies were more likely to be made by non-professionals when females abused. Slightly more male victims than female victims. no significant difference between age for male and female perpetrators. Female perps were more likely to sexually abuse two or more children (45.9%, n = 17). In 23.5% (n = 8) of the cases at least one of the alleged perpetrators was the mother. In female-perpetrated sexual abuse, 23.5% (n = 8) involved a co-perpetrator. On average, victims were younger for female perpetrated compared to male counterparts. 92% (n = 34) of female-perpetrated sexual abuse victims were under the age of 9 years. 70.3% of female cases were contact crimes (fondling or attempted penetration) | ||||||||
| Peterson,Z.D., Voller, E.K., Polusny, M.A., & Murdoch,M | 2011 | Prevalence and consequences of adult sexual assault of men: Revew of empirical findings and state of the literature | Clinic Psychology Review | (2011) 31 (1) 1-24 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Cites myth that males can't be sexually assaulted and aren't physically or emotionally harmed by it. Article reviews the empirical research on topic. 87 relevant studies were identified, with wide range of methods and populations which gave vastly different prevalence rates. Inmates, veterans and non-heterosexual males reported higher rates of sexual victimization than other populations. Few studies examined consequences of male adult sexual assault but those that have noted the adverse consequences. | ||||||||
| Petrovich, M. & Templer, D. I. | 1984 | Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists | Psychological Reports | 54, 810 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=83 males in prison for rape, 59% of their perps were female. | ||||||||
| Petrovich,M. & Templer,D.I | 1984 | Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists | Psychological Reports | 54,810 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=83 males in prison for rape, 59% of their perps were female. | ||||||||
| Pflugradt, D. M. & Allen, B. P. | 2010 | An Exploratory Analysis of Executive Functioning for Female Sexual Offenders: A Comparison of Characteristics Across Offense Typologies | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 19(4), 434-449 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Examined association between female SO behavior patterns (based on Sandler and Freeman's 2007 study). The sample included all referrals for sexual offender assessments within a women's maximum/medium security prison between January 2009 and October 2009. Gave all the Stroop & Reitan’s Trail Making. Found no significant association between test scores and typology category. | ||||||||
| Pflugradt, D., & Allen, B. | 2013 | Static risk factors predict sexual misconduct among incarcerated female sexual offenders | Journal of Sexual Aggression | (ahead-of-print), 1-9 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This study evaluated if there was an association between static risk factors [as delineated by the Static-99 and Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offender Recidivism (RRASOR)] and institutional sexual misconduct for incarcerated female sexual offenders. In addition to demographic information, total Static scores were obtained from a file review along with institutional conduct reports. The STATIC-99 and RRASOR scores from intake information significantly predicted sexual conduct reports in prison. | ||||||||
| Pflugradt, Dawn & Allen Bradley | 2013 | Female Solo Offenders of Pre-Pubescent Children: A Preliminary Description of Discriminatory Behavioral and Offense Characteristics | Poster Session ATSA conference 2013 Chicago | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| The general consensus among researchers is that the prevalence of sexual paraphilias among female sexual offenders, as defined by current diagnostic nosologies, is relatively low as compared to male sexual perpetrators ( Logan, 2008). There are recent studies, however, which have identified gender specific paraphilic behaviors and symptoms among females who committed sexual assaults (Pflugradt & Allen, 2012). This study examined a unique sample of female sexual offenders (N=12) who were not only diagnosed with pedophilia but who also committed the sexual assaults without a co-offender. Archival data was examined and categorized according to the five broad treatment domains identified by Cortoni and Gannon (2011) which arguably are similar to the long term psychological vulnerabilities for males described by Mann, Hanson & Thornton (2010). The specific domains included: cognitive processes; emotional processes; intimacy and relationship issues; sexual dynamics; and social functioning. A list of behaviors and symptoms was generated within these domains and an exploratory analysis was conducted to evaluate if they differentiated the females identified as pedophiles from those who did not have the diagnosis. | ||||||||
| Pflugradt, Dawn M., and Bradley P. Allen | 2013 | Identifying Sadists Among Female Sexual Offenders Using the Cumulative Scale of Severe Sexual Sadism | Sexual Offender Treatment | 8,(1) 2013 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Pflugradt, Dawn, and Bradley Allen | 2012 | A grounded theory analysis of sexual sadism in females | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 18, no. 3 (2012): 325-337 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Pflugradt,D. and Cortoni,F. | 2014 | Women Who Sexually Offend; A Case Study in Sex Offender Treatment | in Sex Offender Treatment: A Case Study Approach to Issues and Interventions eds D.T. Wilcox, T Garrett and L. Hawkins. | 181-198 doi 10 1002/9781118674352 ch11 | John Wiley & Sons LTD Oxford UK | Assessment or treatment related | ||
| Pflugradt,D.M,&Allen,B.P. | An Exploration of Differences Between Small Samples of Female Sex Offender Wth Prepubescent Versus Post-pubescent Victims. | Journal of child Sexual abuse | 24(6), 682-697 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| .N=14 solo FSO's who offended against prepubescent victims and N=15 solo FSOs who offended against post-pubescent victims. Those who offended against pre-pubescent minors were more likely to have multiple paraphilias, poor compliance with supervision and poor problem solving skills. | ||||||||
| Pierce, L. H., & Pierce, R. L. | 1987 | Incestuous victimization by juvenile sex offenders | Journal of Family Violence | 2(4), 351-364 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 7 (19%) of their sample of 37 juvenile sex offenders were female | ||||||||
| Pino, Nathan W., and Robert F. Meier | 1999 | Gender differences in rape reporting | Sex roles | 40, (11-12) (1999): 979-990 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Whereas men fail to report rape when it jeopardizes their masculine self-identity, women fail to report rape when the rape does not fit the classic stereotypical rape situation. | ||||||||
| Platt, Jason J. & Dean M. Busby | 2009 | Male Victims: The Nature and Meaning of Sexual Coercion | The American Journal of Family Therapy | 37,(3), 2009 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Plumm,K.M. Nelson,K.D.,& Terrance,C.A. | 2012 | A Crime by Any Other Name: Effects of Media Reporting on Perceptions of Sex Offenses | Journal of Media Psychology | 17(1) | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N = 293, used fake crime report of arrest by male/female former teacher either worded as having "criminal sexual contact" or" sexual relationship" with 15 yr old male/female student. Could view perp as 'not guilty', 'guilty of improper relationship' 'guilty of sexual assault'. More likely to pick lesser charge of 'improper relationship' if language used 'sexual relationship' and recommended harsher sentencing | ||||||||
| Plummer, K. | 1981 | Pedophilia: Constructing a psychological baseline | Adult Sexual Interest in Children | London: Academic Press | M. Cook & K. Howells | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Plummer,K. | 1981 | Pedophillia: Constructing a psychological baseline | In M. Cook & K Howells (Eds.) Adult Sexual Interest in Children | London:Academic Press | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Poels, V. | 2007 | Risk Assessment of Recidivism of Violent and Sexual Female Offenders | Psychiatry, Psychology and Law | 14(2), 227-250 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Poitras, M., & Lavoie, F. | 1995 | A study of the prevalence of sexual coercion in adolescent heterosexual dating relationships in a Quebec sample | Victims and Violence | 10(4), 299-313 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Poppen,P.J.,, & Segal, N.J. | 1988 | The influence of sex and sex rol | Sex Roles | 19(11-12) 689-7001 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=177 college students; used survey regarding use of physical/verbal sexual coercion. Approximately 14% of women report engaging in sexually coercive behavior | ||||||||
| Porter,L.E.,& Alison,L.J. | 2004 | Behavioural coherence in violen | Aggressive behaviour | 30(6), 449-468 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Analyzed victim/perp interactions in 223 episodes of sexual violence (British, Norway & USA) by gangs, using archival records. N=210 groups/gangs, 739 offenders, of which 17 were female; most victims were female. Criteria for inclusion was a sexual component of an attack by 2 or more perps but sexual attack wasn't necessarily the only function of the attack; 22% of cases involved murder as well as sexual attack. Found 4 main themes (dominance, submission, cooperation, hostility), which has also been seen in non-group sexual assaults and other forms of non-violent human interaction. Called the Interpersonal Circumplex, used to describe mutually influencing interactions. | ||||||||
| Pothast, H. L., & Allen, C. M. | 1994 | Masculinity and femininity in male and female perpetrators of child sexual abuse | Child Abuse and Neglect | 18(9), 763-767 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Pozzulo, J. D., Dempsey, J., Maeder, E., & Allen, L. | 2010 | The Effects of Victim Gender, Defendant Gender, and Defendant Age on Juror Decision Making. | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 37, 47-63 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Prat,S., Bertsch, I., Chudzik,L. & Reveillere.C | 2014 | Women convicted of sexual offence, including child pornography production: Two Case Reports | Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| . Includes the following statements "To our knowledge, no cases of women charged with sex-related offences, including child pornography, have been described in the literature". Includes 2 cases of women who intentionally downloaded child porn, theorized that it was done in relation to male partners | ||||||||
| Price-Robertson, R. | 2012 | Fathers with a history of child sexual abuse | Australian Institute of Family Studies | CFCA PAPER NO 6 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Price-Robertson,R. | 2012 | Child sexual abuse, masculinity and fatherhood | Journal of Family Studies | 18(2-3),130-142 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Priebea, Gisela & Carl Göran Svedin | 2008 | Child sexual abuse is largely hidden from the adult society: An epidemiological study of adolescents’ disclosures | Child Abuse & Neglect | 32 (2008) 1095–1108 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| A sample of 4,339 high school seniors (2,324 girls, 2,015 boys) was examined with a questionnaire concerning sexual experiences in this study with a focus on disclosure of sexual abuse (non-contact, contact or penetrating abuse, and including peer abuse). Results: Of the sample, 1,505 girls (65%) and 457 boys (23%) reported experience of sexual abuse. The disclosure rate was 81% (girls) and 69% (boys). Girls and boys disclosed most often to a friend of their own age. 30.9% of boys felt they had no one to disclose to. Few had disclosed to professionals. Even fewer said that the incident had been reported to the authorities. Logistic regression showed that it was less likely for girls to disclose if they had experienced contact sexual abuse with or without penetration, abuse by a family member, only a single abuse occasion or if they had perceived their parents as non-caring. Boys were less likely to disclose if they studied a vocational program, lived with both parents or had perceived their parents as either caring and overprotective or non-caring and not overprotective | ||||||||
| Quattrini, F., & Costantini, A. | 2011 | Differenze di genere nel comportamento pedofilo: la pedofilia | Riv. Sessuol | Vol. 35 - n. 2 Aprile/Giugno 2011 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Ramsey-Klawsnik, H. | 1990 | Sexual abuse by female perpetrators: Impact on children | Proceedings of the National Symposium on Child Victimization | Tyler, TX: Family Violence and Sexual Assault Institute | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| only 1 out of 83 female sexual offenders were subjected to criminal prosecution | ||||||||
| Ray, J., & English, D. J. | 1995 | Comparison of female and male children with sexual behavior problems | Journal of Youth and Adolescence | 24(4), 439-450 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Ray,S.L. | 2001 | Male survivors' perspectives of incest/sexual abuse. | Perspectives in psychiatric care | 37(2), 49-59 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=25 adult males age 21-60; majority without children regardless of lifetime relationship status; average age of onset of incest was 4.5 years; 80% were victimized in more than 1 sexual manner; 16% were sexually victimized by their mother (data on grandmother conflated with that of grandfather); | ||||||||
| Reckling, A. E. | 2005 | Mother-Daughter Incest -- When Survivors Become Mothers | Journal of Trauma Practice | 3(2), 49-71 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Reckling,A.E. | 2005 | Mother-Daughter Incest--When Survivors Become Mothers | Journal of Trauma Practice | 3(2), 49-71 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Reid, Stephanie S. | Bad Bad Teacher!: How Judicial Lenience, Cultural Ignorance, and Media Hype Have Inevitably Lead to Lighter Sentences, Underreporting and Glamorization of Female Sex Offenders | Child victim, adult perp | ||||||
| Reinhart, M. A. | 1987 | Sexually abused boys. | Child Abuse & Neglect | 11(2), 229-235 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Renvoize, Jean | 1985 | Incest: A family pattern | 120-142 | London: Routledge | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Mentions Maternal incest including mother-daughter incest. | ||||||||
| Righthand, S. & Welch, C. | 2001 | Juveniles Who Have Offended Sexually: A Review of the Professional Literature | Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Rind, B., Tromovitch, P., & Bauserman, R. | 1998 | A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples | Psychological bulletin | 124(1), 22 | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Infamous study that suggested that sex between minor age males and adults were not necessarily negative and that “men react less negatively than women”. They suggested that ‘willing encounters’ of sex between children and adults should be given a value neutral term. Study was widely criticized for statistical problems & misreporting of original data. Was cited in State of Arizona v. Steward (1999) when a convicted child molester argued for clemency, stating that this research showed that children aren’t harmed by sexual molestation. See: Dallam, S. J., Gleaves, D. H., Cepeda-Benito, A., Silberg, J. L., Kraemer, H. C., & Spiegel, D. (2001). The effects of child sexual abuse: Comment on Rind, Tromovitch, and Bauserman (1998). | ||||||||
| Ring, L. | 2005 | Psychometric profiles of female sexual abusers: A preliminary analysis into the differences between sexually abusive and non-offending females | Unpublished master’s thesis | University of Birmingham, United Kingdom | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=46 British F.S.O.s compared to 27 non-offending British mothers & 140 British M.S.O.s. F.S. O.s endorsed significantly more offense-supportive cognitive distortion statements than did non-offending females, with solo F.S.O.s having the most deficits. There wasn’t any difference between male and female sex offenders in terms of their empathy deficits and offense-supportive distortions. | ||||||||
| Risin, L. I., & Koss, M. P. | 1987 | The sexual abuse of boys: Prevalence and descriptive characteristics of childhood victimizations | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2(3), 309-323 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=2,982 males ages 18-24 yrs, 7.3% of whom reported experience that met criteria for childhood sexual abuse. 42.7% of perps were female. 23% were victimized by a babysitter. Majority of the victims never reported it to anyone. 33% of those victims penetrated were victimized by women | ||||||||
| Robertiello,G., Terry,K.J. | 2007 | Can we profile sex offenders? A review of sex offender typologies | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 12(5), 508-518 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Robinson, S. | 1998 | ‘From victim to offender: Female offenders of child sexual abuse | European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research | 6, 59−73 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Robinson, S. L. | 2002 | Treatment Manual. Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Sexually Abusive Teenage Girls. | Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Robitaille,M.P.,Cortoni,F., | 2014 | La Pensee des femmes violentes: Les theories implicites liees au comportement violent | Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Reve Canadienne des sciences du comportement | 42(2), 175 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Uses Ward’s concept of Implicit theories (ITs) with violent offenders. Cites Polaschek, Calvert & Gannon’s 2008 study of male violent offenders found 4 basic Its: 1) Beat or be beaten, 2) I am the law, 3) Violence is normal, and 4) I lose control. Author did same analysis of 21 Canadian violent women prisoners. Suggested 5 ITs: 1) violence is normal (see it as an effective means to solve a problem or achieve an end, likely learned this due to witnessing and experiencing violence during childhood) and 2) I lose control (blame drugs, alcohol, menstruation, mental health, ‘black out’), 3) those who act unjustly worth beaten (their violence was justified) 4) I need to protect myself and others (from danger, 5) I am not violent (regardless of how many violent crimes committed had a disconnect between actions and how they saw themselves), 6) my life is too difficult (negative life experience have accumulated). Divided women into two types; antisocial (juvenile delinquency, violence against non-family, more serious offense) vs. classic aggression (fewer violent crimes, have children, offended against someone they knew) | ||||||||
| Robson, M. | 1996 | An overview of the literature about female sexual offending | Social Work Review | 6, September | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Robson, M., & Lambie, I. | 2013 | Psychological and Behavioural Characteristics of Females who Sexually Offend: Insights from Psychotherapeutic Work in New Zealand | Sexual Abuse in Australia & New Zealand | 5(1). 33-39 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Focuses on attachment theory | ||||||||
| Roe‐Sepowitz, Dominique, and Judy Krysik | 2008 | Examining the sexual offenses of female juveniles: The relevance of childhood maltreatment | American Journal of Orthopsychiatry | 78, no. 4 (2008): 405-412 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Rogers, Paul, and Michelle Davies | 2007 | Perceptions of Victims and Perpetrators in a Depicted Child Sexual Abuse Case Gender and Age Factors | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 22, no. 5 (2007): 566-584 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=337 British students and public, read vignette with varied victim age, sex and perp sex. . Responses factors were Victim Culpability, Victim Typicality, Perp Culpability, Assault Severity, Victim Credibility. Male Perps seen as more culpable, their assaults more severe and their victims more credible. Female Perps were seen as less culpable, their assaults less severe and their victims less credible. The 10 yr old male victim was attributed negative evaluations when he was assaulted by a woman, were viewed as having a causal role in their assault. | ||||||||
| Rogers, Paul, Hurst, L and Davies, Michelle | 2011 | An investigation into the effect of respondent gender, victim age and perpetrator treatment on public attitudes towards sex offenders, sex offender treatment and sex offender rehabilitation | Journal of Offender Rehabilitation | 50(8), 511-530 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Romano, Elisa & Rayleen V DeLuca | 2001 | Male sexual abuse: A review of effects, abuse characteristics, and links with later psychological functioning | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 6 (1) 2001, 55–78 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Despite the increasing awareness of sexual victimization involving males, there remain a number of factors (e.g., stigma of homosexuality, male ethic of self-reliance) that continue to contribute to the underreporting of such cases. Nonetheless, there appears to be growing recognition of male sexual abuse as a serious problem with potentially numerous debilitating consequences. The clinical and research literature presently contains a number of articles on issues pertaining to males who have experienced sexual abuse during childhood. The purpose of the present paper is to review some of the more recent literature on the short- and long-term effects commonly found among sexually abused males. These effects, which include depression, self-blame, low self-esteem, anger, anxiety, and sexuality problems, are also compared with findings commonly reported among sexually abused females. In addition to sexual abuse effects, the present paper also reviews a number of important sexual abuse characteristics (e.g., age of abuse onset, duration of the abuse, nature of the sexual activity), examines the relationship of these characteristics to later psychological functioning, and explores gender similarities and differences. Finally, the implications of the findings with regard to treatment interventions are briefly discussed. | ||||||||
| Romero-DeBell,C. | 2015 | Sex, Violence and Female Sex Offenders | Dissertation University of New Mexico 3682100 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Noted lack of research on FSOs, making it difficult to ascertain accurately how wide-spread the problem is. Purpose of dissertation was to look at the role gender plays in judicial attitudes towards FSOs. | ||||||||
| Romito,P., & Grassi, M. | 2007 | Does violence affect one gender more than the other? The mental health impact of violence among male and female university students. | Social Science & Medicine | 65(6), 1222-1234 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| The majority of unwanted sexual experiences involved female perpetrators. | ||||||||
| Rosencrans, B., & Bear, E. | 1997 | The Last Secret: Daughters Sexually Abused by Mothers | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| N= 93 cases clinical sample. 70% of mothers did not molest with a co-perpetrator | ||||||||
| Rosner, R., Wiederlight, M., Wieczorek, R. R. | 1985 | Forensic psychiatric evaluations of women accused of felonies: A three-year descriptive study | Journal of Forensic Science | 30(3), 721-729 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Rossegger,A., Wetli,N., Urb | 2009 | Women convicted for violent of | BMC psychiatry | 9(1), 81 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 1 woman in sample was convicted of sexual offense. | ||||||||
| Rothman,E.F.,Exner,D., & B | 2011 | The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as ay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: A systematic review | Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 1524838010390707 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Lesbian & Bisexual women reported rates of sexual assault by their female partners ranting from 14.0% (Bernhard 2000), 21.9% (Freedner et al 2002), 16% (Hughes et al 2000), 27% (Moore & Waterman 1999), 11.4% (Tjaden et al 1999), 12% (Turrell 2000), 45% (Waldner-Haugrud & Gratch 1997), 30.6% Waterman et al 1989 | ||||||||
| Rothstein, A. | 1979 | Oedipal conflicts in narcissistic personality disorders | The International Journal of Psychoanalysis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Notes a case of mother-son incest | ||||||||
| Rowan, E. L., Langelier, P., & Rowan, J. B. | 1988 | Female pedophiles | Corrective and Social Psychiatry and Journal of Behavior Technology Methods and Therapy | 34(3), 17-20 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Rowan, E. L., Rowan, J. B., & Langelier, P. | 1990 | Women who molest children | Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law | 18, 79-83 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=600 sex offenders in both New Hampshire (CJS) and Vermont (CJS and social services); about 1.5% female S.O.s | ||||||||
| Rowan,E.L., Rowan, J.B., & Langelier,P. | 1990 | Women who molest children | Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law | 18, 79-83 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=600 sex offenders in both New Hampshire (CJS) and Vermont (CJS and social services); about 1.5% female S.O.s | ||||||||
| Roys, D. T. | 1996 | Psychoeducational Curriculum for Adult Female Sex Offenders | Atlanta, GA: Highland Institute for Behavioral Change | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Roys, D. T. & Timms, R. J. | 1996 | Personality Profiles of Adult Males Sexually Molested by Their Maternal Caregivers -- Preliminary Findings | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 4(4), 63-77 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Rudin, M. M., Zalewski, C., & Bodmer-Turner, J. | 1995 | Characteristics of child sexual abuse victims according to perpetrator gender. | Child Abuse & Neglect | 19(8), 963-73 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Clinical sample. On average, females abused children 3.3 years younger (X— = 6 years) than males (X— = 9.3). The cumulative percentage for victims 6 years and under was 30.1% for male abusers and 67.8% for female perpetrators, which was a statistically significant difference. 56% of the perps were related to their victims, 19% were caretakers of their victims. | ||||||||
| Rudominer, H. S. | 2002 | Consummated mother-son incest in latency: a case report of an adult analysis | Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association | 50(3), 909-935 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Case of a male who was molested by his mother until age 11, when she died | ||||||||
| Rumney, P. | 2007 | In Defense of Gender Neutrality within Rape. | Seattle Journal of Social Justice | 6, 481 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Rumney, Philip. | 2007 | In defense of gender neutrality within rape | Seattle Journal of Social Justice | 6 (2007): 481 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Rush Burkey, Chris & ten Bensel, Tusty | 2015 | An Examination and Comparison of Rationalizations Employed by Solo and Co-Offending Female Sex Offenders | Violence and Gender | 2(3), 168-178 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=55 convicted FSOs from a US southern state (1999-2005). Interviewed within 6 months of release or coming up for release. Solo offenders mean age 26: Co offender means age 32 Solo offenders mostly victimized males, co-offenders mostly victimized females Solo victim age: 13.9 yrs: co offending victim means age 10 yrs Excuses: was an accident, I was impaired/drunk, was victim's fault. Justification: no real harm done, victim was bad (promiscuous) Solo offenders tended to use Exuses more than Justification. Solos were more likely to blame the victim (claim it was 'consensual') than were co-offenders; co-offenders were more likely to blame their co-offender. Examples: 20 yr old woman claimed 5 yr old physically forced her to perform oral sex on him; perp blames her preference for younger 'men' on her history of victimzation by males which made her 'afraid' of older males. Perps claimed that only offended because of drugs/alcohol (most folks who are drunk/high don't offend); 12.5% of Solos used uncontrollable sex drive as excuse. One gave this excuse only but others mixed it with other excuses/justifications. (is this because it is socially unacceptable for women to admit strong sexual desire?) 25% were still denying guilt at time of interview(end of sentence) Does this increase their risk? | ||||||||
| Russell, B. L., & Oswald, D. L | 2002 | Sexual coercion and victimization of college men: the role of love styles | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 17 (3) 273-285 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=173 university undergrad heterosexual males. Gave Sexual Experiences Survey, Love Attitudes Scale. Found 14.5% had been a victim of physical aggression for sex, 11.6% experienced verbal sexual coercion and 17.5% experienced both. 5.8% were the victim of intercourse because of physical force, 30.6% had intercourse because partner gave them drugs/alcohol. And 9.94% had partners threaten them in order to coerce sex. | ||||||||
| Russell, B. L., & Oswald, D. L. | 2001 | Strategies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: An exploratory investigation. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 45(1-2), 103-115 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Results found 18% of women to report engaging in sexually coercive behaviors. Coercive women exhibited higher tolerance of sexual harassment, and were significantly higher in femininity than non-coercive women. Coercive women were also found to embrace a ludic (manipulative, game-playing approach toward love) love-style significantly more than non-coercive women, while pragma (a logical approach toward love) was negatively associated with coercion. Lastly, a significant difference was found between coercive and non-coercive women and self-reported victimization. Eighty-one percent of women who reported using coercive strategies in their relationships also reported having been sexually victimized. | ||||||||
| Russell, B.L., & Oswald, D.L. | 2001 | Stratgies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: AN exploratory investigation | Sex Roles: A journal of Research | 45(1-2), 103-115 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Results found 18% of women to report engaging in sexually coercive behaviors. Coercive women exhibited higher tolerance of sexual harassment, and were significantly higher in femininity than non-coercive women. Coercive women were also found to embrace a ludic (manipulative, game-playing approach toward love) love-style significantly more than non-coercive women, while pragma (a logical approach toward love) was negatively associated with coercion. Lastly, a significant difference was found between coercive and non-coercive women and self-reported victimization. Eighty-one percent of women who reported using coercive strategies in their relationships also reported having been sexually victimized. | ||||||||
| Russell, Brenda L. Debra L. Oswald, Shane W. Kraus | 2011 | Evaluations of Sexual Assault: Perceptions of Guilt and Legal Elements for Male and Female Aggressors Using Various Coercive Strategies | Violence and Victims | 26 (6), 2011 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| This study examines the extent to which verdict, guilt, and legal components associated with jury instructions of sexual assault differ as a function of aggressor gender, participant gender, and sexual strategy used (consensual, verbal coercion, alcohol, or physical aggression) to obtain sex. Participants ( N _ 423; 276 women and 147 men) read a vignette depicting either a couple having consensual sex (control), or a male or female aggressor who initiates sexual intercourse via verbal coercion, use of alcohol, or physical abuse. College students were provided with legal instructions of sexual assault then asked to provide a verdict, degree of guilt, and legal components. Female participants rated guilt and coercion higher than did male participants. Ratings of guilt were highest in the physical assault condition followed by the alcohol, verbal, and control conditions. Female aggressors were rated less guilty than male aggressors. Results are explained in relation to sexual scripts and legal decision making. Lack of significance in verdict decisions and interaction effects suggests male and female aggressors are evaluated similarly using coercive strategies; yet, consent for sex was assumed and attributions of guilt was lower when the aggressor was female. Implications for jury instructions and future research are discussed. | ||||||||
| Russell, D. | 1986 | Female incest perpetrators: How do they differ from males, and why are there so few? | The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women | New York: Basic Books | D. Russell | Child victim, adult perp | ||
| Russell, D., & Finkelhor, D. | 1984 | The gender gap among perpetrators of child sexual abuse | Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment | 215-31 | Beverly Hills, CA: Sage | D. Russell | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Ryan, E. P., Hunter, J. A., & Murrie, D. C | 2012 | Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment for Mental Health Professionals. | Oxford University Press. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Ryan, G., & Grayson, J. | 1989 | Female sex offenders | Interchange: Cooperative Newsletter of the Adolescent Perpetrator Network | June | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Saewyc, E. M., Taylor, D., Homma, Y., & Ogilvie, G. | 2008 | Trends in sexual health and risk behaviors among adolescent students in British Columbia | The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality | 17(1), 1-14 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| note - questioned 1,845 Canadian homeless youths: 79% of boys had been sexually abused or exploited by a woman | ||||||||
| Sahl, Daniel & Jennifer Reid Keene | 2010 | The sexual double standard and gender differences in predictors of perceptions of adult-teen sexual relationships | Sex Roles | 62(3) 264-277 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Looked at perceptions of the damage done by adult-adolescent sexual behavior, found that older and male perps were viewed more negatively than younger and/or female perps and more worthy of longer sentences. Female victims were seen as experiencing more negative consequences than male victims. | ||||||||
| Sahl, Daniel & Jennifer Reid Keene | 2012 | The Effects of Age, Authority, and Gender on Perceptions of Statutory Rape Offenders | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2012 27 (18) 3701-3722 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Study focused on people’s willingness to term someone a ‘sexual offender’. Notes that sexual scripts portray adolescent females as emotionally damaged by sexual activity but the same activity conveys maturity on the adolescent male. N=2.838 mostly college students. Used vignettes of 40+ female/male teacher & 15 yr old male/female student who have intercourse. Participants could rate on levels of intimacy for motivation, use of term ‘sexual predator’, recommend placement on Registry and recommend Restricted access to minors. Participants were more likely to ascribe Intimacy as a motivator for the female perp than the male perp., were more likely to use term Sexual Predator with male perp. | ||||||||
| Saleh, F. M., Dwyer, R. & Grudzinskas, A. | 2006 | An Integrated Look at Dually Diagnosed Female Sex Offenders and the Law | Journal of Dual Diagnosis | 3(1), 23-32 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Saleh, F. M., Grudzinskas Jr, A. J., Bradford, J. M., & Brodsky, D. J. | 2009 | Sex offenders: identification, risk assessment, treatment, and legal issues | Oxford Press | 276-285 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Tiny chapter on female sex offenders | ||||||||
| Salter, D., McMillan, D., Richards, M., Talbot, T., Hodges, J., Bentovim, A., Hastings, R. Stevenson, J. & Skuse, D. | 2003 | Development of sexually abusive behaviour in sexually victimised males: a longitudinal study | The Lancet | 361(9356), 471-476 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Sandberg, G., Jackson, T. L., & Petretic-Jackson, P. | 1987 | College Students' Attitudes Regarding Sexual Coercion and Aggression: Developing Educational and Preventive Strategies. | Journal of College Student Personnel | 28(4), 302-311 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Sandler, J. C., & Freeman, N. J. | 2007 | Topology of Female Sex Offenders: A Test of Vandiver and Kercher. | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 19, 73-89 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Using all 390 female sex offenders registered in New York State for rape, incest, sodomy, sexual misconduct, sexual abuse, promoting sexual performance by a child, kidnapping/unlawful imprisonment, patronizing/promoting prostitution. Mostly white, average age 33 yrs, average victim age 11.9 yrs, 56.9% of victims were male. | ||||||||
| Sandler, J. C., & Freeman, N. J. | 2009 | Female Sex Offender Recidivism: A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 21, 455-473 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=1,466 convicted of a sexual offense in New York State, mostly white and average age at first arrest was 28 yrs. 36.4% convicted of sexual abuse, 18.8% convicted of rape, 16.3% of nonconsensual sodomy or oral sex, 11.8% for ‘sexual misconduct’, 5.1% for promoting prostitution of a minor, 3.5% for forcible touching; 3.1% for aggravated sexual abuse, 2.5% for promoting/possessing a sexual act by a child and 1% for incest and less than 1% each for child sexual abuse, patronizing minor age prostitute, obscenity and unlawful surveillance. 1.8% had an arrest for a sex crime within 5 years. (For comparison, only 87.5% of the female sex offenders rearrested for a sexual crime were eventually reconvicted of a sexual crime, giving an overall sexual reconviction rate of 1.9 %.). However, they included promoting prostitution of a minor in the ‘re-arrest for sexual offense’ definition, which skewed the results; 31.2% of the re-arrests for were for this. | ||||||||
| Sandler, Jeff & Freeman, Naomi | 2011 | Female sex offenders and the criminal justice system: a comparison of arrests and outcomes’ | Journal of sexual aggression: an international interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice | 17 (1), 61-76 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Sample of 128,000 offenders arrested for sexual offenses in NY state from 1986-2005, compared criminal justice processing of females arrested for sexual offenses to that of males arrested for same offenses. Offender gender significantly reduced the likelihood of incarceration for offenders convicted of sexual offenses. | ||||||||
| Saradjian, J. | 1994 | The trauma associated with childhood sexual abuse when the perpetrator is a woman | unpublished paper | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Saradjian, J. | 1996 | Women Who Sexually Abuse Children: From Research to Clinical Practice | London: John Wiley & Sons | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Saradjian, J. | 1997 | Factors that specifically exacerbate the trauma of victims of childhood sexual abuse by maternal perpetrators | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 3(1), 3-14 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Sarrel, P. M. & Masters, W.H. | 1982 | Sexual molestation of men by women | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 11(2), 117-131 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N=11 cases. Noted 4 cases forced assault by adult female of adult male, 2 involving use of weapon. | ||||||||
| Scavo, R.R. | 1989 | Female adolescent sex offenders: A neglected treatment group | Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work | 70(2), 114-117 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Schatzel-Murphy Elizabeth Anne | 2011 | Expanding a Model of Female Heterosexual Coercion: Are Sexually Coercive Women Hyperfeminine? | Child victim, adult perp | |||||
| The present study aimed to replicate a preliminary model of female heterosexual coercion and subsequently expand the model with gender- and race-related variables. The preliminary model, which specified sexual compulsivity, sexual dominance, socio-sexuality, and prior sexual abuse, as predictors of female heterosexual coercion, was sufficiently replicated with a racially diverse sample of college women. The model was then successfully expanded by adding rape myth acceptance and hyper-femininity to the model. Hyper-femininity was found to be a core predictor of female heterosexual coercion, challenging the notion that sexual coercion is an inherently ―masculine behavior. Actual minority status, perceived minority status, and ethnocentrism were found to moderate the fit of the model only slightly, suggesting that the model may be adequate, though perhaps not ideal, for predicting heterosexual coercion among women who identify as racial minorities and who are differentially impacted by oppression and privilege in U.S. society. Findings were discussed within a feminist framework and interpretations were informed by sexual script theory. Future directions for research into female heterosexual coercion were also proposed. | ||||||||
| Schatzel-Murphy, E. A., Harris, D. A., Knight, R. A., & Milburn, M. A. | 2009 | Sexual Coercion in Men and Women: Similar Behaviors, Different Predictors | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 38(6), 974-986 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Looked at 4 variables found in models of male sexual coercion to see if they predicted self-reported sexual coercion in women (prior sexual abuse, sexual dominance, sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity). N=186 college men/women. The Key predictor of sexual coercion among women was sexual compulsivity (not being able to stop myself from having sex even when I wanted to). Author felt that women engage in coerce sexual behavior to ‘achieve some level of interpersonal connection while feeling out of control”. Noted that when women pursue sexual contact with an unwilling partner, they follow a seduction script which contains a more gender-congruent seducer by using less physically aggressive tactics. Noted that Seduction (sexual arousal) tactics (persistent touching and kissing) which are intended to change a person’s mind about having sex after the person has already refused sexual contact, are exploitative. Other coercive behaviors include Manipulative tactics (insulting, making person feel guilty or jealous, threatening to end the relationship), Intoxication tactics (either exploiting person’s incapacitated state to intending on taking advantage of that state by providing the intoxicants, Physical tactics (grabbing person, harming person). Male models of sexual coercion involve hostile masculinity (insecure, defensive and hypersensitive orientation as well as feeling gratified by dominating women) plus sociosexuality (desire for anonymous sex). N=93 college males/93 females ages 18-25 years, filled out Multidimensional Assessment of Sex & Aggression. No significant difference between females and males on use of manipulative, intoxication or force tactics, or on sexual compulsivity or sexual dominance. 33% of men reported prior sexual abuse experiences. Statistical regression revealed a consistent pattern of results across the 4 types of coercion tactics for women, accounting for a significant amount of variance, with sexual compulsivity consistently the strong predictor then prior sexual abuse (but compulsivity only accounted for 20% of the variance). Author theorizes that women’s sexual coercion is driven by feelings of compulsivity, a lack of control when trying to establish an intimate connection to a male who is rejecting her, resulting in coercion in an attempt to salvage her sexual power. | ||||||||
| Schiedegger, Amie R. | Female Sexual Offenders- does anyone really get hurt? | Controversies in Victimology | Laura J. Moriarty | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Research shows that female sex offenders, like their male counterparts, promote the cycle of sexual victimization through the subsequent behavior of their victims. Researchers have shown that victims of sexual abuse are more likely to victimize others in the future than those who have not been sexually abused. Studies show that female sex offenders are more likely than non-offenders to have been the victims of sexual abuse at some time in their lives. A study of men who have been sexually aggressive toward women found that 80 percent had been sexually abused by a female during childhood. These research data confirm the view that sexual victimization promotes abusive sexual behavior by the victims. The prevention of sexual abuse by females must include changing prevalent views of female sexuality and gender-based sexual scripts. Whereas sexual abuse by males is viewed as prevalent, offensive, and particularly emotionally damaging to their victims, sexual offenses by females are viewed as rare, out of character for the gender, and less harmful to their victims compared to sex offenses by men. These views lead to underreporting by victims; victim blaming; and a tendency among victims to minimize the harms done to them, which makes it likely they will not seek victim services. Another factor that impedes the reporting and prosecution of female sex offenders is the failure of many sexual offense laws to take into account the abusive sexual behavior of females against males | ||||||||
| Schmidt, S & Keri, P. | 2004 | What research shows about female adolescent sex offenders | National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Schmidt,S., & Pierce,K | 2004 | NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders | University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Center on Child Abuse and Neglect | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Schram,D.D.,Milloy,C.D., & Rowe,W.E. | 1991 | Juvenile sex offenders: A folluw up study of reoffense behavior | Olympia WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Schwartz, B. K., & Cellini, H. R. | 1995 | Female sex offenders | The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice | 5-1 – 5-22 | Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Press, Inc | B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Schwartz, B. K., Cavanaugh, D., Pimental, A. & Prentky, R. | 2006 | Descriptive Study of Precursors to Sex Offending among 813 Boys and Girls: Antecedent Life Experiences | Victims & Offenders | 1(1), 61-77 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Schwartz, M. F. | 1991 | Victim to Victimizer | Professional Counselor | 43-46 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Schwartz,B.K., & Cellini, H.R. | 1995 | Female Sex Offenders | In B.K. Schwartz & H.R. Cellini (Eds), The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice | (pp 50-1-5-22) | Kinston NJ: Civic Research Press Inc | Assessment or treatment related | ||
| Semonsky, M.R. & Rosenfel | 1994 | Perceptions of sexual violations: | Sex Roles | 30(7-8), 503-520 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Used Margolin's 1990 study "Gender and the Stolen Kiss: The Social Support of Males and Females to Violate a Partner's Sexual Consenting Noncoercive Situation" as a starting point to compare female/male perceptions of minor sexual violation where male denies consent for a kiss and female kisses him anyways and vice versa. Females who violated sex role expectation and aggressed against male who had denied consent were seen as complimenting him. Supported Margolin's conclusion that women have more social support than men for these types of violations. | ||||||||
| Sgroi, S., & Sargent, N., M. | 1994 | Impact and treatment issues for victims of childhood sexual abuser by female perpetrators | Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 14-36 | New York: The Guilford Press | M. Elliott | Child victim, adult perp | |
| Shakeshaft, Carol | 2004 | Educator Sexual Misconduct; a synthesis of existing literature | US Dept of Education, Policy and Program Studies Service | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Reviewed 24 empirical studies of educator sexual misconduct, including cases in the USA, UK, Canada; Prevalence in USA: between 3.7%-50.3% of students reported experiencing educator sexual misconduct; Mostly teachers, substitute teachers and athletic coaches; Female teachers represented about 20% (average) of cases; up to 43% in some studies; Average age of perp: 28 Typologies: offended against elementary school age victims (were more duplicitous) versus offended against middle school age+ victims (more impulsive). | ||||||||
| Shea, M. | 1998 | When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | 94-104 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| women were aroused by the idea of dominating a man in a hypothetical rape scenario. | ||||||||
| Shelden, V.E. & Shelden, R.G. | 1989 | Sexual abuse of males by females: the problem, treatment modality, and case example | Family Therapy | 16(3), 249−58 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Shengold, L. | 1989 | A case of incest between mother and adolescent son | Soul murder: The effects of childhood abuse and deprivation | Yale University Press | Out-dated, erroneous, etc. | |||
| Wrote that there could be some ‘positive’ aspects to incest as it ‘saves’ man from homosexuality | ||||||||
| Shengold, L. S. | 1980 | Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest | International Journal of Psychoanalysis | 61, 461-476 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Shultz,L.G., & Jones,P. | 1983 | Sexual abuse of children: Issues for social service and health professionals | Child Welfare: Journal of Policy,Practice,and Program | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| N=267 WV college students survey on child sexual abuse history. 13% of perps were female. | ||||||||
| Shumba, A. | 2004 | Male sexual abuse by female and male perpetrators in Zimbabwean schools | Child Abuse Review | 13(5), 353-359 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Sickmund,M, Sladky, T.J., Kang,W., and Puzzanchera,C. | 2013 | "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement" Online Available | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| • in 2011, 60 female youths were incarcerated at juvenile detention facilities for perpetrating sexual crimes. It 106 in 2007, 186 in 2003, | ||||||||
| Sigelman, C. K., Berry, C. J., & Wiles, K. A. | 1984 | Violence in college students’ dating relationships | Journal of Applied Social Psychology | 14(6), 530-548 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Sigurdsson, J.F., Gudjonsson, G., Asgeirsdottir, B.B., & Sigfusdottir, I.D. | 2010 | Sexually abusive youth: what are the background factors tht distinguish them from otheryouth? | Psychology, Crime & Law | 16(4), 289-303 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Out of 9,533 responses regarding sexually exploitive/abusive perpetration, 130 females (2.6%) indicated yes, 44 (32%) reported committed perpetration more than once. The differences between female perps and non-perps appeared to be histories of victimization, prostitution and delinquent peers | ||||||||
| Sikweyiya, Yandisa & Rachel Jewkes | 2009 | Force and temptation: South African men’s accounts of coercion into sex by men and women | Culture, Health and Sex | 2009 11 (5) 529-541 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| N-31, heterosexual, ages 18-25. In original sample of 1,371,3.4% disclosed being forced by a male, 9.7% being forced by a woman. Appeared more angry at the sexual coercion by males than by females, framed the coercion by females as ‘temptation’ | ||||||||
| Silverstein,M | 2006 | Justice in Genderland: Through a parole looking glass | Symbolic Interaction | 29(3), 393-410 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Observed parole hearings, noted that male offenders are supposed to take full responsibility for their crimes which in turn increased their likelihood of parole. M.S.O.s who blamed others were less likely to be parole. While he didn't look at F.S.O. parole hearings, he did find that females convicted of other offenses (drug trafficking) were more likely to be paroled if they described themselves as victims of males (male drug lords). | ||||||||
| Simmons, R. | 2003 | Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls | Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Simmons,R. | 2003 | Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls | Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Simon, Leonore & Zgoba Kristen | 2007 | Therapeutic jurisprudence and sex offender policies, part II | Sex Offender Law Report | 7 (1), December/January 2006, pp 1-4 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Policies should be enacted to reflect the differing specific risk factors for males and females and the failure to publicize cases of male victimization and the resultant policy omission of gender-specific preventative measures may facilitate the commission of new sex offenses against young boys. | ||||||||
| Simons D, Heil P, Burton D & Gursky, M. | 2008 | Developmental and offense histories of female sexual offenders | Presented at 27th ATSA, Atlanta GA October 2008 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Simons, D. A., Wurtele, S. K., & Durham, R. L. | 2008 | Developmental experiences of child sexual abusers and rapists | Child Abuse & Neglect | 32(5), 549-560 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=269 incarcerated (Colorado) sexual offenders (137 rapists and 132 child sexual abusers). Child sexual offenders were more likely to have been sexually abused as children, and 47% reported their perp was female. Rapists reported significantly less sexual abuse during their childhoods but were more likely to report a single episode of sexual abuse by a female acquaintance (e.g. neighbor). | ||||||||
| Simpson, Tracy L., and William R. Miller | 2002 | Concomitance between childhood sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems: A review | Clinical Psychology Review | 22, no. 1 (2002): 27-77 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Men with histories of CSA were found to be at greater risk for SUPs than men in the general population | ||||||||
| Sleath, E., & Bull, R. | 2010 | Male rape victim and perpetrator blaming. | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | June 25, (6), 969-88 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Sloan, L., & Edmond, T. | 1996 | Shifting the focus: Recognizing the needs of lesbian and gay survivors of sexual violence. | Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services | 5 (4), 33-52 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Sloan,L, & Edmond,T. | 1996 | Shifting the focus: Recognizing the needs of lesbian and gay survivors of sexual violence | Journal of gay & Lesbian Social Services | 5 (4), 33-52 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Slotboom, Anne-Marie, Hendriks, Jan and Verbruggen, Janna | 2011 | Contrasting adolescent female and male sexual aggression: A self-report study on prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 17, no. 1 (2011): 15-33 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Data from a low-risk school-based sample, a medium-risk school-based sample and a high-risk sample from eight different juvenile justice institutions. Participants reported on the strategy used to force a person into sexual contact against his/her will. Results showed that around 8% of the adolescent females reported having used sexual aggression against a person with the juvenile institution sample showed the highest rate. Further, we found that for adolescent females “beliefs about sexual behaviour” was the only predictor of sexually aggressive behaviour, while for adolescent males being a victim of sexual abuse was the most important predictor. | ||||||||
| Slotboom, Anne-Marie, Hendriks, Jan and Verbruggen, Janna | 2011 | "Contrasting adolescent female and male sexual aggression: A self-report study on prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression" | Journal of Sexual Aggression 17 no. 1 (2011) | 15-33 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Data from a low-risk school-based sample, a medium-risk school-based sample and a high-risk sample from eight different juvenile justice institutions. Participants reported on the strategy used to force a person into sexual contact against his/her will. Results showed that around 8% of the adolescent females reported having used sexual aggression against a person with the juvenile institution sample showed the highest rate. Further, we found that for adolescent females “beliefs about sexual behaviour” was the only predictor of sexually aggressive behaviour, while for adolescent males being a victim of sexual abuse was the most important predictor. | ||||||||
| Smith, Brenda, V. | 2012 | Uncomfortable Places, Close Spaces: Female Correctional Workers’ Sexual Interactions With Men and Boys in Custody | 59 UCLA L. Rev | 1690 2012 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Smith, Holly & Edie Israel | 1987 | Sibling Incest: a study of the dynamics of 25 cases | Child Abuse & Neglect | 11 (1) 1987 101-108 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| using data based on 25 families with substantiated allegations of sexual abuse reported between May 1982 and December 1985. Perpetrators' ages ranged from 9 to 20 yrs; victims' from 3 to 13 yrs. 25% of incest offenders were femal3, 89% of victims were female, 11% were male, | ||||||||
| Smith, K. T. | 2013 | College Students’ Punitive Attitudes toward Five Types of Sex Offenders: Examining Factors that Influence Punitive Preferences | Thesis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Smith, L.H., and Ford,J. | 2010 | History of Forced Sex and Recent Sexual Risk Indicators Among Young Adult Males. | Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health | 42: 87-92 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| . N=1,400 males 18-24 yrs from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth; 6% of men reported having been forced by a female perp to have vaginal intercourse. Verbal and physical forms of coercion and provision of alcohol and drugs were commonly used by perpetrators of both genders | ||||||||
| Smith, R. E., Pine, C. J., & Hawley, M. E. | 1988 | Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault | Journal of Sex Research | 24, 101--112 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| the male victim of sexual assault by females was judged more likely to have initiated or encouraged the sex acts, and more enjoyment and less stress were attributed to him. This pattern of results was more pronounced among male subjects. The results are discussed in relation to stereotypic beliefs concerning male sex roles, sexual motivation, and sexual functioning that are likely to affect the social cognitions of both observers and male victims of heterosexual assault. Male victims are seen as having encouraged it and derived sexual pleasure from it; probably due to endorsement of stereotypic views of male sexuality (always ready and enjoying sex with any willing woman) | ||||||||
| Smith,H., Fromuth,M., & Morris,C | 1997 | Effects of gender on perceptions of child sexual abuse | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 6, 51-63 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| sexual perpetration by females is often viewed as less serious than perpetration by males | ||||||||
| Smith,K.T. | 2013 | College students' Punitive Attitudes toward Five Types of Seex Offenders: Examining Factors that Influence Punitive Preferences | Thesis | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Participants held less punitive attitudes towards female sex offenders, recommending them for rehabilitation and probation | ||||||||
| Smith,R.E., Pine,C.J.& Hawley, M.E. | 1998 | Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault | Journal of Sex Research | 24, 101-112 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| the male victim of sexual assault by females was judged more likely to have initiated or encouraged the sex acts, and more enjoyment and less stress were attributed to him. This pattern of results was more pronounced among male subjects. The results are discussed in relation to stereotypic beliefs concerning male sex roles, sexual motivation, and sexual functioning that are likely to affect the social cognitions of both observers and male victims of heterosexual assault. Male victims are seen as having encouraged it and derived sexual pleasure from it; probably due to endorsement of stereotypic views of male sexuality (always ready and enjoying sex with any willing woman) | ||||||||
| Snyder, E. R. | 2008 | The female-to-male rape myths scale: initial scale development | PhD Thesis | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Snyder, H. | 2000, July | Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics. | American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| About 12% of perps of sexual abuse of kids under age of 6 yrs are female and 1% of sexual assaults against adults (only cases reported to police). In 2002, 3% of juveniles arrested for rape and 9% arrested for other sex crimes (not prostitution) were female | ||||||||
| Snyder,H.N. | 2002 | Juvenile arrests 2000 | Washington D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. U.S.Department of Justice | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| females account for approximately 7% of juvenile arrests for sex offenses | ||||||||
| Solis, O. Lizette & Elissa P. Benedek | 2012 | Female sexual offenders in the educational system: A brief overview | Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic | Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 172-188 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Solomon, J. C. | 1992 | Child sexual abuse by family members: A radical feminist perspective | Sex Roles | 27(9-10), 473-485 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Song, L., Lieb, R., & Donnelly, S. | 1993 | Female Sex Offenders in Washington State [426] | Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Song,Y., C.Y., & Agardh, A. | 2014 | Sexual coercion and health-risk behaviors among urban Chinese high school students | Global health action 7 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| N=5,215 Chinese high school students; 30% of males experienced sexual coercion. Rates ranged from 20-33%, depending on age (14-20). Noted boys who had experienced sexual coercion were more likely to have considered or attempted suicide. | ||||||||
| Sorensen Tina A. | 2011 | Compromised Masculinities: Issues Surrounding Rape and Sexual Torture of Men in Conflict Situations | Master’s thesis | U Manitoba 2011 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Sorenson, S. B., Stein, J. A., Siegel, J. M., Golding, J. M., & Burnam, M.A. | 1987 | The prevalence of adult sexual assault; the Los Angeles epidemiological catchment area project | American Journal of Epidemiology | 126(6), 1154-1164 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Sorsoli, Lynn; Maryam Kia-Keating & Frances K. Grossman | 2008 | “I Keep That Hush-Hush”: Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse and the Challenges of Disclosure | Journal of Counseling Psychology | 2008, 55, (3), 333–345 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Disclosure is a prominent variable in child sexual abuse research, but little research has examined male disclosure experiences. Sixteen male survivors of childhood sexual abuse were interviewed regarding experiences of disclosure. Analytic techniques included a grounded theory approach to coding and the use of conceptually clustered matrices. Participants described distinct personal (e.g., lack of cognitive awareness, intentional avoidance, emotional readiness, and shame), relational (e.g., fears about negative repercussions, isolation), and sociocultural (e.g., lack of acceptance for men to experience or acknowledge victimization) reasons for their struggles with disclosure. These results highlight that barriers to disclosure exist in multiple domains of experience and are encountered across the lifespan. | ||||||||
| Spape,J., Timmers,A.D., Yoon,S.,Ponseti,J.,& Chivers,M.L. | 2014 | Gender-specific genital and subjective sexual arousal to preptent sexual features in heterosexual women and men. | Biological psychology | 102, 1-9 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Spataro,J., Mullen, P.E., Burgess,P.M. ells,D.L. & Moss,S.A. | 2004 | Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health Prospective study in males and females. | The British Journal of Psychiatry | 184(5), 416-421 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Spitzberg, B. H. | 1999 | An analysis of empirical estimates of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration | Violence and victims | 14(3), 241-260 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Spohn, C | 2008 | How do judges decide?: the search for fairness and justice in punishment | SAGE Publications Inc. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Chapter 4, Sentencing Disparity & Discrimination, p127-168, includes discussion of gender discrepancies in sentencing in general and on cases of sex offending by females in particular. | ||||||||
| Spohn, Cassia, and Dawn Beichner | 2000 | Is preferential treatment of female offenders a thing of the past? A multisite study of gender, race, and imprisonment | Criminal Justice Policy Review | 11, no. 2 (2000): 149-184 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Spohn, R. E | 2013 | Nebraska Sex Offender Registry Study | University of Nebraska Omaha Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publication paper 17 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Female registered sexual offenders make up 3.7% of 6,440 cases in Nebraska (238) | ||||||||
| Stander, V. A., Olson, C. B., & Merrill, L. L. | 2002 | Self-definition as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse among navy recruits | Journal of consulting and clinical psychology | 70(2), 369 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Study of 5969 male navy recruits, asked if ever had sex while a minor with someone 5 years older than them (criteria for sexual abuse), whether intra- or extra-familial, whether or not they self-identified as a ‘victim’. 23% of the males reported childhood sexual experience as a minor with someone at least 5 years older than them and another 3% reported this with an immediate or extended family member. Noted that men in extra-familial group who defined themselves as victims reported more instances of childhood sexual abuse experiences involving intercourse than did the men who did not use that definition but this was not found in the intra-familial group. Male and female victims of female relative perpetrators were less likely to self-define as victims than were victims of male relative perpetrators. 4% of the women and 57% of the men reported sexual abuse experiences with female family members. | ||||||||
| Stathopoulos,Mary | 2014 | The exception that proves the rule: Female sex offending and the gendered nature of sexual volence | Australan Cenre for the Study of Sexual Assault | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Key Messages: Male coercion is an important avenue for women's offending | ||||||||
| Staunton, C., Hammond, S., & Lambert, S. | 2008 | Applying knowledge of female sexual arousal to the forensic context | The Irish Journal of Psychology | 29(1-2), 103-117 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| The application of psychological theory and research to understanding human sexuality is not a new phenomenon. However, the application of genital devices to the measurement of specific aspects of sexual arousal is emerging as an important area of research in the forensic domain given the recognition of the increased numbers of women who are abusing children. Although controversial, phallometric measures of sexual arousal have had considerable success with male offenders both in the assessment and treatment of deviant arousal and disorders of sexual preference. Deviant arousal patterns are now known to be predictive in re-offending and treatability but the reliance on self-report measures creates difficulties for clinicians as they are likely to be biased by response tendencies. Therefore, the challenge now facing forensic and clinical psychologists is how to assess genital arousal in women with a view to assessing deviant sexual interest. The main aim of this paper is to explore the physiology of female sexual arousal and to consider the implications of using psycho-physiological measurements with women in a forensic context. | ||||||||
| Steen, C. | 2006 | Choices: A relapse prevention workbook for female offenders | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Meh | ||||||||
| Stemple,L., & Meyer,I.H. | 2014 | The Sexual Victimization of Men in America: New Data Challeng Old Assumptions | American Journal of public health | 104(6), e19-e26 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Used 2010-2012 data of sexual victimization obtained by 5 federal surveys (CDC, FBI, Bureau of Justice Stats) and found that they show high prevalence of sexual victimization of men in US but also found definitions that were either outdated or inconsistent as well as biased sampling (excluding inmates) which perpetuate the myths that males aren't victims of sexual assault. | ||||||||
| Stennis, Joe | 2006 | Equal Protection Dilemma: Why male adolescent students need federal protection from adult female teachers who prey on them | Journal of Law & Education | (35), 2006 395-403 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| States have different ages of consent for males and females; States need to employ a standard, uniform age for sexual consent and non-consent to increase judicial efficiency and equity; The leniency of the court tends to give the impression that the adult female is the victim rather than the minor male child; Need to consider negative social consequences; if the female teacher becomes pregnant after having sex with a minor male student, the family court will view the male victim’s parental obligation separate from the abusive act that created the child. | ||||||||
| Stermac, L., Del Bove, G., & Addison, M. | 2004 | Stranger and acquaintance sexual assault of adult males | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 19(8), 901-915 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Used data from Ontario, Canada hospital ER from 1992-1999, looked at male victims of sexual assault by a stranger or by an acquaintance, plus female victims of sexual assault by an acquaintance (unclear why they didn’t include stranger cases). 5.1% of the male victims were sexually assaulted by a female acquaintance and 1.9% of the female victims were sexually assaulted by a female acquaintance. 6.3% of the males were sexually assaulted by a pair of female/male strangers working together, and another 1.3% of the males were sexually assaulted by a pair of female/male acquaintances working together. 1% of the women reported being sexually assaulted by female/male acquaintances. Weapons were used in 47.4% of the male victim cases and 9.4% of the female victim cases | ||||||||
| Stets, J. E., & Pirog-Good, M. A. | 1989 | Patterns of physical and sexual abuse for men and women in dating relationships: A descriptive analysis | Journal of Family Violence | 4 (1), 63-76 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Stirpe, T. S., & Stermac, L. E. | 2003 | An exploration of childhood victimization and family-of-origin characteristics of sexual offenders against children | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology | 47(5), 542-555 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| A comparison of the childhood victimization experiences of 33 sexual offenders against children, 66 violent offenders, and 25 nonviolent offenders in Canadian psychiatric hospital. Overall, 31.5% of the sample reported contact sexual abuse (i.e., oral, vaginal, or anal) by age 14. Sexual offenders against children reported significantly more sexual abuse than both violent and nonviolent offenders and were more likely to have been sexually propositioned and exposed to. | ||||||||
| Stock, W. | 1998 | Women’s sexual coercion of men: A feminist analysis | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | 169-184 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Stockdale, M. S., Visio, M., & Batra, L. | 1999 | The sexual harassment of men: Evidence for a broader theory of sexual harassment and sex discrimination | Psychology, Public Policy, and Law | 5(3), 630 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Male on male sexual harassment | ||||||||
| Stoltenborgh, Marije, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Eveline M. Euser, and Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg | 2011 | A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. | Child Maltreatment | 16, no. 2 (2011): 79-101 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Our comprehensive meta-analysis combined prevalence figures of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) reported in 217 publications published between 1980 and 2008, including 331 independent samples with a total of 9,911,748 participants. Self-report by male participants (76 cases per1000). Lowest rates for boys (41/1000) were found in Asia, and highest rates for boys was in Africa (193/1000). | ||||||||
| Strause, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. | 1996 | The revised conflict tactics scales: Development and preliminary psychometric data. | Journal of Family Issues | 17(3), 283-316 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Strause,M.A., Hamby, S.L.,Boney-McCoy,S., & Sugarman,D.B. | 1996 | The revised confict tactic scales: Development and preliminary psychometric data | Journal of Family Issues | 17(3), 283-316 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Streit, C. | 2002 | Identifying Women Who Abuse: Law Enforcement Suspect That the Number of Women Abusers is Growing | Law Enforcement Technology | 29(8), 22-24 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Streit,C | 2002 | Identifying Women Who Abuse: Law Enforcement That the Number of Women Abusers is Growing | Law Enforcement Technology | 29(8), 22-24 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Strickland, S. | 2008 | Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 23, 474-489 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=60 convicted F.S.O.s from US prison system, compared to 70 age matched non-sex offending female inmates. Used Multiphasic Sex Inventory-II Female with female SOs, found they showed emotional neediness/loneliness, marked lack of accountability/blaming outlook | ||||||||
| Strickland,S. | 2008 | Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 23, 474-489 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=60 convicted F.S.O.s from US prison system, compared to 70 age matched non-sex offending female inmates. Used Multiphasic Sex Inventory-II Female with female SOs, found they showed emotional neediness/loneliness, marked lack of accountability/blaming outlook | ||||||||
| Stroebel, Sandra S., Stephen L. O'Keefe, Karen Griffee, Shih-Ya Kuo, Keith W. Beard, and Martin J. Kommor | 2013 | Sister–Sister Incest: Data from an Anonymous Computerized Survey | Journal of child sexual abuse | 22, no. 6 (2013): 695-719 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Retrospective data were entered anonymously by 1,521 adult women using a computer-assisted self-interview. Thirty-one participants were victims of sister–sister incest, 8 were victims of sexual abuse by an adult female (including one mother), before reaching 18 years of age. The victims of sister–sister incest had significantly more problematic outcomes than controls on many measures as adults. Victims of sister–sister incest were more depressed and more likely than controls to be distant from the perpetrator-sister and to have traded sex for money, experienced an unplanned pregnancy, engaged in four different types of masturbation, and engaged in 13 different same-sex behaviors. | ||||||||
| Stroud, D. D., Martens, S. L., & Barker, J. | 2000 | Criminal investigation of CSA: A comparison of cases referred to the prosecutor to those not referred | Child Abuse & Neglect | 24, 689-700 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Prosecutors were more likely to dismiss cases with male victims | ||||||||
| Struckman-Johnson, C. | 1988 | Forced sex on dates: It happens to men, too. | Journal of Sex Research | 24, 234-241 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Struckman-Johnson, C. | 1991 | Male victims of acquaintance rape | Acquaintance Rape: The Hidden Crime | 192-214 | New York: John Wiley & Sons | A. L. Parrot, & L. Bechhofer | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Struckman-Johnson, C., & Anderson, P. B. | 1998 | “Men do and women don’t”: Difficulties in researching sexually aggressive women | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | ‘9-18 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. | 1994 | Men pressured and forced into sexual experience. | Archives of Sexual Behavior | 23(1), 93-114 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| asked males to rate sense of pleasure/violation to uninvited sexual advances from female acquaintance, more negative if she were unattractive | ||||||||
| Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. | 1997 | Men’s reactions to forceful sexual advances from women: The role of sexual standards, relationship availability, and the beauty bias. | Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | 37(5-6), 319-334 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. | 1998 | The dynamics and impact of sexual coercion of men by women | Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies | 121-143 | New York: The Guilford Press | P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson | Specifically on male victims | |
| Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. | 2001 | Men’s reactions to female sexual coercion | Psychiatric Times | XVII(3) | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. | 2002 | Sexual coercion reported by women in three Midwestern prisons | Journal of Sex Research | 39(3), 217-227 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Struckman-Johnson, C., Struckman-Johnson, D., & Anderson, P. B. | 2003 | Tactics of sexual coercion: When men and women won’t take no for an answer. | Journal of Sex Research | 40(1), 76-86 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| We investigated women's and men's reports of experiencing and using tactics of postrefusal sexual persistence, defined as persistent attempts to have sexual contact with someone who has already refused. Participants were 275 men and 381 women at Midwestern and Southern universities. More women (78%) than men (58%) reported having been subjected to such tactics since age 16; this difference was significant for the categories of sexual arousal, emotional manipulation and lies, and intoxication, and for two tactics within the physical force category (physical restraint and threats of harm). More men (40%) than women (26%) reported having used such tactics; this difference was significant for the sexual arousal, emotional manipulation and lies, and intoxication categories. We present participants’ written descriptions of their experiences | ||||||||
| Struckman-Johnson, C., Struckman-Johnson, D., Rucker, L., & Bumby, K. | 1996 | Sexual coercion reported by men and women in prison | The Journal of Sex Research | 33(1), 67-76 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Struckman-Johnson, Cindy and David Struckman-Johnson | 2006 | A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2006; 21; 1591 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Women prisoners reported that their perpetrators were inmates (47%). 4% of men were victimized by a woman, 5% by a group that included at least one woman. Nearly one half of the women were exploited by another woman (49%). 47% of the female inmate victims were victimized by other female inmates. Tactics ranged from verbal ‘persuasion’ and pressure to threats to being held down to use of a weapon. | ||||||||
| Struckman-Johnson, D & Struckman-Johnson C. | 1991 | Men and Women’s acceptance of coercive sexual strategies varied by initiator gender and couple intimacy | Sex Roles | 25 661-676 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Seventy-two men and 86 women read vignettes describing five coercive strategies for obtaining sexual intercourse on a date. Subjects rated the acceptability of strategies used by male and female initiators for couples who were or were not sexually intimate. Subjects generally rejected all tactics. Results revealed a continuum of increasing rejection from verbal pressure and sexual stimulation, followed by mock force, followed by intoxication and physical force. Although women were more rejecting of any strategy than were men, women were slightly less opposed to verbal pressure and stimulation for “more sex” rather than for “first-time sex.” Women equally rejected most male- and female-initiated strategies, but men were more accepting of female-initiated strategies. Results are explained in terms of sex role norms prescribing that men be initiators and women be gatekeepers in sexual interaction. | ||||||||
| Struckman-Johnson,C., & St | 1992 | Acceptance of male rape myths among college men and women | Sex Roles | 27(3-4) 85-100 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| N=157 heterosexual college males, 153 heterosexual college females | ||||||||
| Sugihara, Y., & Warner, J. A. | 2002 | Dominance and domestic abuse among Mexican Americans: Gender differences in the etiology of violence in intimate relationships | Journal of Family Violence | 17(4), 315-340 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 15% of women used sexual coercion | ||||||||
| Sugihara,Y., Warer, J.A. | 2002 | Dominance and domestic abouse among Mexican Americans: Gender dfferences n the etology of violence in intimate relatinships | Journal of Family Violence | 17(4), 315-340 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 15% of women used seuxal coercion | ||||||||
| Sundaram, V., Laursen, B., & Helweg-Larsen, K. | 2008 | Is sexual victimization gender specific? The prevalence of forced sexual activity among men and women in Denmark, and self-reported well-being among survivors | Journal of interpersonal violence | 23(10), 1414-1440 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Looked at lifetime experience of sexual assault in 1,798 Dutch men & 2,134 Dutch women. 39 (2%) of the males reported a history of sexual victimization. The male victims used more sick leave than male controls, rated their health poorer, were more likely to have suicidal ideation and behaviors and abuse alcohol. Most of the men were victimized by someone they knew but the study did not give a sex breakdown for the perps. Majority of the abuse occurred when the men were under the age of 13 yrs. 27 adolescent males (<16 yrs) reported sexual assault history (1%). The majority were victimized by someone they knew and 15% were victimized by a school teacher although this study did not indicate the sex of the teacher. | ||||||||
| Sundaram,V., Laursen,B., & Helwig-Larsen,K. | 2008 | Is seuxal victimization gender specific? The prevalence of forced sexual activity among men and women in Denmark, and self-reported well-being among survivors | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 23(10), 1414-1440 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Looked at lifetime experience of sexual assault in 1,798 Dutch men & 2,134 Dutch women. 39 (2%) of the males reported a history of sexual victimization. The male victims used more sick leave than male controls, rated their health poorer, were more likely to have suicidal ideation and behaviors and abuse alcohol. Most of the men were victimized by someone they knew but the study did not give a sex breakdown for the perps. Majority of the abuse occurred when the men were under the age of 13 yrs. 27 adolescent males (<16 yrs) reported sexual assault history (1%). The majority were victimized by someone they knew and 15% were victimized by a school teacher although this study did not indicate the sex of the teacher. | ||||||||
| Syed, F., & Williams, S. | 1996 | Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada [452] | Ottawa, ON: Correctional Services of Canada | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Used incarcerated sample, of those who were related to their abuser, 80 percent of the victims were the children of their abuser. | ||||||||
| Tardieu,A. | 1857 | Les Attentats aux moeurs | Editions Jerome Millon | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Reported cases of mother/child sexual abuse. | ||||||||
| Tardif, M., Auclair, N., Jacob, M., & Carpentier, J. | 2005 | Sexual abuse perpetrated by adult and juvenile females: An ultimate attempt to resolve a conflict associated with maternal identity. | Child Abuse & Neglect | 29, 153-167 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Taylor, J. F. | 2003 | Children and young people accused of child sexual abuse: A study within a community. | Journal of sexual aggression | 9(1), 57-70 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=227, 8% were female | ||||||||
| Taylor, T. | 2001 | Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs | Unpublished MSc Research Paper | Menomonie, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stout | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Taylor,T. | 2001 | Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs. | Unpublished MSc Research Paper | Menomonie,WI University of Wisconsin-Stout | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Teichner, L. A. | 2008 | Unusual Suspects: Recognizing and Responding to Female Staff Perpetrators of Sexual Misconduct in U.S. Prisons. [456] | Michigan Journal of Gender & Law | 14, 259-297 2007 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Teram, Eli, Carol Stalker, Angela Hovey, Candice Schachter & Gerri Lasiuk | 2006 | Towards Male-centric communication: sensitizing health professionals to the realities of male childhood sexual abuse survivors | Issues in Mental health Nursing | 2006, 27 (5) 499-517 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| While male and female participants express similar anxieties and fears about their encounters with health professionals, there are gender-based differences related to the perceptions of victimhood and manhood; guilt and shame; homophobia; disclosure of abuse; and the expression of vulnerability. The implications of these differences for sensitive health care practice are analyzed within the context of gender relationships and the differential socialization of men. Malecentric communication is proposed as a method for addressing the specific experiences of male survivors in their encounters with health professionals. | ||||||||
| Tewksbury Richard, David P. Connor, Kelly Cheeseman & Beth Lynne Rivera | 2012 | Female sex offenders’ anticipations for re-entry: Do they really know what they’re in for? | Journal of Crime and Justice | 35, 3, 2012 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Tewksbury, Richard | 2007 | Effects of sexual assaults on men: Physical, mental and sexual consequences | International journal of men's health | 6, no. 1 (2007): 22-35 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Tewskbury, R. | 2004 | Experiences and Attitudes of registered female sex offenders | Federal Probation | 68 (3) | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Thielmann.S. | 2010 | Professional responses to male survivors of childhold sexual abuse: A literature review on current research and professional practice | Canterury Men's Center | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Thompson Jr, E. H., & Pleck, J. H. | 1987 | The structure of male role norms | American Behavioural Scientist | 29, 531-543 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| In their analysis of the norms of male behavior expectations of college age men; they still hold stereotyped ideas that men are physically able to handle confrontations. | ||||||||
| Thompson,Paul& Quigley Rachel | Elementary School teacher, 39, jailed for forty years for her affair with boy of 14 | http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2102620/Elementary-school-teacher-39-jailed-40-years-affair-boy-14.html | Specifically on male victims | |||||
| Shannon Alicia Schmeider had known the 13 year old boy since he was born, was family friend. Was NOT his teacher and so got a more extended sentence | ||||||||
| Thornton, A. J., Graham-Kevan, N., & Archer, J. | 2010 | Adaptive and maladaptive personality traits as predictors of violent and nonviolent offending behavior in men and women | Aggressive Behavior | 36(3), 177-186 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Tiaden,P., Thoennes,N., Allison,CJ. | 1999 | Comparing violence over the life span in samples of same-sex and opposite-sex cohabitants. | Violence & Victims | 14:413-425 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Timmerman, Greetje | 2003 | Sexual Harassment of Adolescents Perpetrated by Teachers and by Peers: An Exploration of the Dynamics of Power, Culture, and Gender in Secondary Schools | Sex Roles | 2003,48, 5-6, 231-244 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=2,808 randomly selected 14-15 yr old adolescents at 22 secondary schools from two regions in the Netherlands. 13.7% of the teacher/perps were female | ||||||||
| Timnick, L. | 1985, August | The Times poll; 22% in survey were child abuse victims | Los Angeles Times | 1 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| National random telephone survey of 2,000+ adults, 22% reported abuse as kids and 7% of those reported female perps. | ||||||||
| Tjaden, P. G., & Thoennes, N. | 1992 | Predictors of legal intervention in child maltreatment cases | Child Abuse & Neglect | 16(6), 807-821 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| noted that cases involving female victims were significantly more likely to be filed than cases involving male victims. | ||||||||
| Travers, N. | 2005 | A Brief examination of pedophilia and sexual abuse committed by nuns within the catholic church | William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law | 12, 761 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| NUNs who rape kids | ||||||||
| Travin, S., Cullen, K., & Protter, B. | 1990 | Female sex offenders: Severe victims and victimizers | Journal of Forensic Sciences | 35(1), 140-150 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N= 515 but only 1% were female | ||||||||
| Trepal, H. | 2010 | Men can‘t be raped: The challenge of sexism in counseling | Explorations in diversity: Examining privilege and oppression in a multicultural society, 2nd ed | 101-106 | Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole | S.Anderson, & V. Middleton | Adult victim, adult perp | |
| Tsai, Alexander C., Karen Leiter, Michele Heisler, Vincent Iacopino, William Wolfe, Kate Shannon, Nthabiseng Phaladze, Zakhe Hlanze, and Sheri Weiser. | 2011 | Prevalence and correlates of forced sex perpetration and victimization in Botswana and Swaziland | American journal of public health | 101, no. 6 (2011): 1068 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Lifetime prevalence rates of forced sex victimization among men, rates of perpetration were 3.9% in Botswana and 5.0% in Swaziland. Lifetime history of forced sex victimization was the strongest predictor of forced sex perpetration by men in Botswana and Swaziland. (did not ask about perpetration by women) | ||||||||
| Tsopelas, Christos, Spyridoula Tsetsou, Petros Ntounas, and Athanassios Douzenis | 2012 | Female perpetrators of sexual abuse of minors: What are the consequences for the victims? | International journal of law and psychiatry | 35, no. 4 (2012): 305-310 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Tsopelas, Christos, Tsetsou Spyridoula, and Douzenis Athanasios | 2011 | Review on female sexual offenders: Findings about profile and personality | International journal of law and psychiatry | 34, no. 2 (2011): 122-126 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Tsopelas,Christos,Tsetsou,Spyridoula, and Douzenis,Athanasios | 2011 | "Review on female sexual offenders: Findings about profile and personality." . | International journal of law and psychiatry | 34 no 2 122-126 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Turchik, Jessica A. | 2012 | Sexual victimization among male college students: Assault severity, sexual functioning, and health risk behaviors | Psychology of Men & Masculinity | 13, no. 3 (2012): 243 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| 51.2% (N= 153) of male participants reported at least one experience of sexual victimization since age 16 with 5.6% reporting victimization experiences by male perpetrators, 48.4% by female perpetrators, and 3% by both sexes. | ||||||||
| Turchik, Jessica A., and Katie M. Edwards | 2012 | Myths about male rape: A literature review | Psychology of Men & Masculinity | 13, no. 2 (2012): 211 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Belief in some rape myths appear to have decreased over last 16 years. Socially constructed notions of masculinity are not consistent with the constructions of the rape victim (feminine, weak, and defenseless). | ||||||||
| Turchik, Jessica A., Samantha Rafie, Craig S. Rosen, and Rachel Kimerling | 2013 | Preferences for Gender-Targeted Health Information A Study of Male Veterans Who Have Experienced Military Sexual Trauma | American journal of men's health | 41592 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Male vets with Military Sexual Trauma prefer to receive gender-targeted psycho-educational information rather than gender-neutral information. | ||||||||
| Turchik,J.A., Hebenstreit,C.L.,& Judson,S.S. | 2015 | An Examination of the Gender Inclusiveness of Current Theories of Sexual Violence in Adulthood Recognizing Male Victims, Female Perpetrators, and Same-Sex Violence | Trauma,Violence&Abuse | 1-16, 1524838014566721 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Discusses need for gender-inclusive conceptualization of sexual violence and victimization that takes into account factors that contribute to its occurrence with both sexes, with heterosexual and non-heterosexual individuals. Noted that most assessment tools assume a male perp, female victim and heterosexual behavior. This discourages research, public awareness, services and resources for victims who do not fit that narrow conceptualization. If there is not awareness, then support and resources aren't forthcoming. Notes that laws may not acknowledge victimization of males. Discusses a variety of theories, whether they have empirical evidence, are gendered or not. Notes that future theories should all help research and clinical work, and take into account non-male and non-heterosexual behavior. Biological Theories (attachment, emotion processing, neurodevelopmental) notes the theory hasn't been empirically tested nd while it isn't a gendered theory, the research done so far as been with male perps. Evolutionary Psych (Sexual coercion as form of mating effort), has evidence for gender differences in mating stratgies across human culters but ignores sociocultural factors, doesn't explain sexual violence to elderly, pre-pubescent children or same-sex. Routine Activity Theory (motivated offender with vulnerable raget and lack of capable guardian), shows some support but definations varied among studies and the 'capable guardian' ) may be the perp; doesn't have a gendered conceptualization. Feminist theory (rape is about power rather than sexual desire) has some evidence at macro levels (societies) , does include male-on-male rape in prison but ignores perpetration by women. Social Learning (role models, intergenerational transmission, dysfuntional schmas) has some support but is overly simplistic; is not gendered in it's conceptualization. Typologies (post hoc, focused on motvation) has mostly been applied to males with only 3 exceptions (Matthew, Matthews & Speltz 1989, Syed & Willaims 1996, Vandiver & Kercher 2004), are of limited use clinically don't replicate well but aren't gendered. Ellis' Synthesized Theory (evolutionary, learning, feminist and neurohormonal); not empirically tested is not gendered. Marshall & Barbaree's Intergrated theory (bio, social learning, hormonal), is focused on impulse failure and ignore planned attacks; gendered. Hall & Hirschman's Quadripartite model (arousal, cognition, emotions and personality); not been empirically tested. Malamuth's Confluence model (feminist, learning, evolutionary and personality); has some evidence relation to porn use and male attitudes towards violence ITSO (bio, cultural, learning); not been empirically tested | ||||||||
| Turell,SC. | 2000 | A descriptive analysis of same-sex relationship violence for a diverse sample. | Journal of Family Violence | 15:281-293 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . N=499 LGBT individuals; 12% of lesbian and bisexual women reported a history of sexual assault by an intimate partner. | ||||||||
| Turner, K. | 2008 | A latent profile analysis of the PAI scores of female sex offenders: Implications for assessment and treatment | Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation | Sam Houston State University | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Turner, K., Miller, H. A., & Henderson, C. E. | 2008 | Latent Profile Analyses of Offense and Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Incarcerated Female Sexual Offenders | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 35: 879-894 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=90.. 60% offended alone, 34.4% used force, 34% were related to victim, 32.6% victimized their own biological child. 20% perceived a romantic relationship with victim, average victim age was 12 years. 51% had female victims, 21.7% had multiple victims. | ||||||||
| Turner, M. T., & Turner, T. N. | 1994 | Female Adolescent Sexual Abusers: An Exploratory Study of Mother-Daughter Dynamics with Implications for Treatment | Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Turton, J. | 2010 | Child Abuse, Gender and Society | New York: Routledge. | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Turton, Jackie | 2010 | Female sexual abusers: Assessing the risk | International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice | 38 (4) 2010, 279–293 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| This paper focuses on women who sexually abuse children and discusses the particular problems relating to the assessment of risk in professional practice. The data was gathered in the UK and drawn from a series of qualitative interviews with child protection professionals, including 3 police officers, 2 lawyers, 15 social workers, 6 probation officers, 8 health workers and 11 counsellors. The interview data have identified some links between the gendered assumptions and the rationales used by professionals to explain the abusive behaviour. | ||||||||
| Turton, Jackie | 2013 | Betrayal of trust; victims of maternal incest | Participation, Citizenship and Trust in Children's Lies (Studies in Childhool and Youth) | 2013 Palgrave Macmillan | Hanne Warming | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Tyler, Kimberly A., and Ana Mari Cauce | 2002 | Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents | Child Abuse & Neglect | 26, no. 12 (2002): 1261-1274 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| 3% were sexually victimized by biological mother, 1% by step/adopt/foster mother, 3% by female relative and 11% by female acquaintance. | ||||||||
| U.S. Department of Justice. (2005a) | 2003 | Criminal victimization in the United States | Washington DC: Government Printing Office | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Noted that only 39% of all sexual assaults in 2003 were reported to law enforcement, showing that official arrest reports are not capturing the data. | ||||||||
| U.S. Department of Justice. (2005b) | 2004 | Uniform crime reports | Washington, DC: Government Printing Office | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| In 2003, female offenders were arrested for 247 forcible rapes (1.3% of all reported rapes). 59 of those 247 (23.8%) were by juveniles. Juvenile females accounted for 21.9% of the females arrested for a sex offense other than forcible rape and prostitution. | ||||||||
| U.S.. Dept of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | 2000 | Extent, Nature and consequence of Intimate Partner Violence-Findings from the National Violence Against Women Study | 2000 NCJ 181867 | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| 1 in 71 men (1.4%) in the United States have been raped at some time in their lives, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug facilitated completed penetration. More than half male victims (52.4%) reported being raped by an acquaintance and 15.1% by a stranger. One in 19 men (5.2%) in the US have experienced stalking victimization at some point during their lifetime. 5.3% men experienced sexual violence victimization other than rape by any perpetrator in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 1.3% of men were stalked in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 1 in 20 men (5.9% and 5.0%, respectively) experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 48% of the male victims were made to penetrate a former or current partner, 44.7% to do so with an acquaintance and 8.2% with a stranger. At the state level, for men, lifetime estimates ranged from 10.8% to 33.7% for sexual violence other than rape; and 17.4% to 41.2% for rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner. 8.8% of female victims reported only female stalkers; and 4.6% reported having been stalked by both male and female perpetrators. Among male stalking victims, more than half (46.7%) reported being stalked by only female perpetrators. About 1 in 18 male stalking victims (5.5%) reported having been stalked by both male and female perpetrators in his life. | ||||||||
| U.S.. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics | 1997 | Sex Offenses and Offenders: an Analysis of Data on Rape and Sexual Assault | February 1997 NCJ-163392 | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| 8% of arrestees for other sex offenses (not legally classified as ‘rape’) were female. About 10% of the rapes in the three States did not conform to the UCR definition of forcible rape ¾ the victims were male (8.7% of rapes), the victim and offender were both female (0.8%), or the victim was male and the offender was female (0.2%). 5% of Murders involving sexual assaults had female perpetrators (1976-1994) 18% of victims of murders involving sexual assault were male. | ||||||||
| U.S.. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics | 2000 | Sexual Assault of Young children as Reported to Law Enforcement | July 2000, JCJ 182990 | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| 14% of all victims of sexual assault were male. A greater percentage of juvenile sexual assault victims were male (18%) than were adult sexual assault victims (4%). Males were 15% of the juvenile victims of sexual assault with an object, 20% of the juvenile victims of forcible fondling, and 59% of the juvenile victims of forcible sodomy. For victims under age 12, the male proportions were even greater: sexual assault with an object (19%), forcible fondling (26%), and forcible sodomy (64%). Based on the NIBRS data, the year in a male's life when he is most likely to be the victim of a sexual assault is age 4. By age 17 his risk of victimization has been cut by a factor of 5. 3% of juvenile males experience multiple offenses. Female offenders were most common in assaults against victims under age 6. For these youngest victims, 12% of offenders were females, compared with 6% for victims ages 6 through 12, and 3% for victims ages 12 through 17. Overall, 6% of the offenders who sexually assaulted juveniles were female, compared with just 1% of the female offenders who sexually assaulted adults. For male victims under age 12, 40% of offenders were family members. | ||||||||
| Uggen, Christopher & Amy Blackstone | 2004 | Sexual Harassment as a Gendered Expression of Power | American Sociological Review | 2004 69 (1) 64-92 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Unpublshed | 2013 | Sexual Aggression Vctimization and Perpetration among Female and Male University Students in Poland | Journal of Intpersonal Violence | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| N= 565 Polish university students, 18-27 yrs old. 356 females/209 males. Used Krahe & Berger's 2013 Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale. Self-reported victimization of males was 28.4%. Self-reported perpetration rate for females was 6.5%. Most of both victimization and perpetration involved non-strangers and most involved alcohol use by one or both parties. The results showed that 7.9% (n = 16) of men and 6.3% (n = 22) of women reported both victimization and perpetration incidents & 20.3% (n = 41) of the male and 28.0% (n = 98) of the female sample reported only victimization experiences. For both women and men, the highest victimization rates were found for the use or threat of physical force (women: 23.1% and men: 20.5%),{20% of the men had physical force as part of their victimization}followed by the exploitation of their incapacitated state (17.6% and 11.7%). The gender difference was non-significant for the use or threat of physical force. Perpetration rates reported by women was 3.4% for use of or threat of physical force, 3.1% for exploitation of the man's inability to resist and 1.4% for verbal pressure. The gender differences within each strategy were non-significant for the use or threat of physical force, exploitation of the victim's incapacitated state, and the use of verbal pressure, respectively). 21.2% of men reported having experienced at least one sexually aggressive act by a former or current partner, 23.2% of males indicated such experiences with a friend or acquaintance. The corresponding rates for sexual victimization by stranger were 14.9% for women and 14.5% for men. Across the different sexual acts, no differences between women and men were found in each victim-perpetrator constellation, indicating that the extent to which unwanted sexual experiences within different victim-perpetrator constellations was reported did not differ between men and women for partner, friend/acquaintance, and stranger, respectively. Perpetration against former or current partner: 5.1% of women; friend, or acquaintance: 2.8% of women; stranger: 1.5% of women). Altogether, 6.3% of women reported having committed at least one sexually aggressive act toward someone they knew. More men (8.3%) than women (2.9%) reported experience of unwanted sexual acts different from touching, attempted or completed intercourse from a friend or acquaintance through the threat or use of physical force. As for the sexual victimization from stranger, more men (6.4%) than women (1.1%) experienced forced sexual intercourse as well as other sexual activities (6.9% of men and 1.4% of women. Finally, across all coercive strategies, more men than women reported higher victimization rates in both completed sexual intercourse and other sexual activities from both friend or acquaintance and stranger, all. No gender differences emerged at the level of the single items in the perpetration reports | ||||||||
| Unpublshed | Female Sex Offenders: an analysis of crime scene behaviors | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| N=73 FSO (UK & US law reports). Age range 18-60; average 32 yrs. Victim age range 1-18 yrs, average 11.7 yrs. Multiple victims for 29 offenders; only 29 involved a male co-perp. 18% of the FSO were related to their victims. Found three types of behaviors: Controlling, Hostile and 'Involvement" (i.e.: pseudo-intimacy). Control: lack of empathy, victim as sexual object and use for any other form of personal gain (producing porn); may be opportunistic and impulsive, probably generalist, similar to the 'male-coerced' and 'homosexual criminal' typologies. Hostility: vent anger on victim, engage in force and violence beyond what is necessary for sexual part of crime, use degradation, threats; penetrate victim with object; penetration as a way of humiliating victim; similar to 'aggressive homosexual' typology. Involvement: pseudo-intimacy, repeat offenses against victim; engage in emotional blackmail; similar to 'teacher-lover' or 'heterosexual nurturer' typologies. | ||||||||
| Urbaniok,F., Endrass,J., Noll,T., Vetter,S., & Rossegger,A. | 2007 | Posttraumatic stress discorder in a Swiss offender population | Swiss Medical Weekly | 137(9-10) 151-156 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=86 offenders with Zurich Office of Corrections. Examined whether the Swiss offender population showed increased prevalence of PTSD. 27% estimated to have PTSD, 75% had experienced at least one traumatic event that met DSM IV criteria. 16% sexual victimization by stranger, 10% sexual victimization by family member and 50% had experienced intercourse prior to the age of 18 with someone who was 5 years older than them. (definition of intercourse is not made in study). | ||||||||
| Ursel, J., & Gorkoff, K. | 2001 | Court processing of child sexual abuse cases: The Winnipeg Family Violence Court experience | Pieces of a puzzle: Perspectives on child sexual abuse | 79-94 | Halifax, Canada: Fernwood | D. Hiebert-Murphy & L. Burnside | Child victim, adult perp | |
| data collected from the Winnipeg Family Violence Court between 1992 and 1997 (N = 1,349) revealed that 3% of child sexual perpetrators were female | ||||||||
| Van Arsdale, A. | 2010 | Is adolescent female sex offending a true paradox? A compartive studyof gender differneces in sex offending and delinquency | doctoral dissertation, University of Florida | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Used data from youth referred to juvenile justice system for violent contact felonies, N=145 Compared to equal sized group of adolescent female delinquents, adolescent male sex offenders, and adolescent male delinquents. More AFSO reported experiencing sexual abuse, more diagnosed with mental disoreder but ONE-THIRD had NOT experienced any trauma or victimization. Used a 46 item instrument called the Positive Achieemement Change Tool, is semi-structured interview inluded victimization self-report and mental health self-report. 70% denied history of experiencing trauma and only 31% of AFSO reprted it. 72% of ASO denied any history fo sexual victimization and only 28% reported it. 49% of the AFSO denied witnessing violence, 51% reported it. 87% of the AFSO denied a history of neglect only 13% reported it. 76% denied a history of physical abuse, only 24% reported it. More AFSOs had witnessed violence than had been sexually victimized. Study did not investigate who the violence perpetrator was; could have learned violence from watching violent female caregivers. 73% of AFSO Self-Reported to have received a mental disorder diagnosis prior to DJJ referral, only 27% had one (this included diagnoses not viewed as causng offense behavior such as depression and anxiety) 36% had committed Felony Sexual Battery (penetration 20% had committed Lew/Lascivious Battery ("sexual activity" with 12-16 yr old), 26% had commited Lewd/Lascivious Molestations (fondling genitals of <16 yr old) 15% had committed Lewd/Lascivious Conduct (fondling <16 yr old) OF the 145 AFSO in the study, 47 had committed sexual offense before age of 12, 57 during 13-14.Compared to the AMSO ,the AFSO were more likely to start offendng at an earlier age than those without this history. Notes that sex offenses against children committed by adolescents probaly result in even fewer arrests than do those committed by adults, presumably because adult child molesters are viewed as more dangerous by the criminal justie system and/or beuase juvenile offenders are usually known to the victim, so families may be less willing to report the crime. | ||||||||
| Van Decraen, Els, Kristien Michielsen, Sarah Herbots, Ronan Van Rossem & Marleen Temmerman | 2012 | Sexual coercion among in-school adolescents in Rwanda: prevalence and correlates of victimization and normative acceptance | African Journal of Reproductive Health | September 2012; 16(3): 139-153 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| A survey of 285 senior secondary school students, average age 21 yrs. Of sexually active respondents, 15.5% reported forced sexual intercourse, 25% reported an age-disparate relationship with partner 10+ yrs older. This was the case for 17% of the male sexually active respondents but only 2% of the males reported forced sexual intercourse. | ||||||||
| Van Decraen, Els, Kristien,Michielsen, Sarah Herbots Ronan Van Rossem % Marleen Temmerman | 2012 | Sexual coercion among in school adolescents in Rwanda: a prevalence and correlates of vitimization and normative acceptance | African Journal of Reprodcutive Health | 16(3), 139-153 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| A survey of 285 senior secondary school students, average age 21 yrs. Of sexually active respondents, 15.5% reported forced sexual intercourse, 25% reported an age-disparate relationship with partner 10+ yrs older. This was the case for 17% of the male sexually active respondents but only 2% of the males reported forced sexual intercourse. | ||||||||
| Van der Put, Claudia E. | 2013 | The prevalence of risk factors for general recidivism in female adolescent sexual offenders: A comparison of three subgroups | Child abuse & neglect | 37, no. 9 (2013): 691-697 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| Found those teens who offended against a child had less delinquency problems compared to those who offended against peers. | ||||||||
| Van der Put, Claudia, Eveline Van Vugt, Geert Jan Stams, and Jan Hendriks | 2013 | Psychosocial and developmental characteristics of female adolescents who have committed sexual offenses | Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment | Child/adolescent perp | ||||
| Adolescent female sexual offenders (AFSO) compared to adolescent female non-sexual but violent offenders (AFVO) and adolescent male sexual offenders (AMSO). Results showed that AFSOs and AMSOs were remarkably similar, whereas AFSOs and AFVOs were remarkably different on the measured variables. | ||||||||
| Van Mastrigt, S.B., & Farrington,D.P. | 2009 | Co-offending, age, gender, and crime type: Implications for criminal justice policy | British Journal of Criminology | 49(4), 552-473 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Van Voorhis, P., Wright, E. M., Salisbury, E., & Bauman, A. | 2010 | Women's Risk Factors and Their Contributions to Existing Risk/Needs Assessment: The Current Status of a Gender-Responsive Supplement | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 37,3, 261-288 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Van Waters,M | 1951 | Rehabilitation of women sex offenders | Journal of Social Hygience | 37(5), 935-940 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| is about sex workers | ||||||||
| Van Wormer, K. | 2001 | Counseling Female Offenders and Victims: A Strengths Restorative Approach | New York: Springer Publishers | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Vander Mey, B. J. | 1988 | The sexual victimization of male children: A review of previous research | Child Abuse & Neglect | 12(1), 61-72 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Vanderbilt, H. | 1992 | Incest: A chilling report | Lear’s | 2, 49-77 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Notes the existence of mother-child incest | ||||||||
| Vandiver D., & Kercher, G | 2004 | Offender and victim characteristics of registered female sexual offenders in Texas: A propsed typology of female sexual offenders | Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 16, 121-137 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| N=471 registered adult female sexual offenders in Texas. Most common offenses were indecency with a child, sexual assault of a child and aggravated sexual assault of a child. Mostly white, average age 32 yrs. Came up with a series of typologies (heterosexual nurturers, non-criminal homosexual offenders, female sexual predators, young adult child exploiters, homosexual criminals and aggressive homosexual offenders). Victim age ranged from infancy to 97 years, average age was 11. Average age of the perp at arrest was 32 yrs. 37% of the victims were related and 7% were strangers. 146 "Heterosexual Nurturers" had only male victims, average victim age was 12, was in a mentor or caretaking role. 114 were "Non-criminal homosexual offenders", mostly female victims whose average age was 13 years. 112 "female sexual predators" who were most likely to have an observed re-arrest, had a propensity towards male victims, average age 11 years. 50 "young adult child exploiters" average age 28, victim average age was 7 years old, with 50% victimizing a relative. 22 "homosexual criminals" with higher re-arrest rate, propensity for female victims whose average age was 11 years and the crimes were things like compelling prostitution. 17 "aggressive homosexual offenders", most likely to victimize adults, average victim age was 31, mostly female. Women were about 1.6% of the registered sex offenders for state of Texas in this study (out of 29,376). | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D | 2006 | Female sex offenders: A comparison of solo offenders and co-offenders | Violence and Victims | 21 339-354 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Vandiver,D., & Kercher,G | 2006 | Registered female sex offenders in Texas: an oddity or an overlooked population | In H. Ford (Ed), Women Who Sexually Abuse Children | Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Vandiver,D., & Teske,R. | 2006 | Juvenile Female and Male Sex Offenders | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology | 50(2) 148-165 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| . N= 61 juvenile FSOs compared to N=122 juvenile MSOs. At time of arrest, juvy FSOs were generally younger than the juvy MSOs and had a mix of male/female victims | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D., Dial,Kelly C., Worley,R. | 2008 | A Qualitive Assessment of Registered Female Sex Offenders: Judicial Processing Experiences an Perceived Effects of a Public Registry | Criminal Justice Review | 33, 177-198 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Looked at effect of the SO registry on N=9 FSOs in 2 states, with all subjects reporting at least one negative effect of being on the registry | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D.M. | 2007 | Female sex Offenders: A comparison of those acting alone to those acting with a co-offender | Violence and Victims | 21(3), 339-354 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Used 2001 National Incident Based Reporting System with info from 21 US states plus DC area. Compared solo FSOs (N=123) to co-offending FSOs (N=104), who were similar in terms of age and race. Co-offenders tended to have more than a single victim, were more likely to have victims of both sex and to perpetrate against a relative. Noted that not all co-offenders were male, had 8 who were part of all-female perp group. | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D.M. | 2006 | Female Sex Offenders | In R.D.M. Anulty & M.M. Burnette (Eds) Sex and Sexuality | Vol 3 pp 47-80 | Westport CT : Praeger | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Engage in variety of sexualized behaviors including fondling, oral stimulation, putting fingers inside the body, putting objects inside the body, forcing victims to watch others engage in sexual activity, and forcing victims to touch/fondle the perpetrator. Objects such as enema equipment, sticks, candles, vibrators and “other” objects were inserted into many of the above-mentioned body parts, also. Some of the “other” objects included scissors, knives, hair rollers, needles, religious medals, vacuum cleaner parts, and even a goldfish. Discussed grooming behaviors done under guise of ‘nurturing’. | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D.M. & Walker, J.T. | 2002 | Female sex offenders: An overview and alaysis of 50 cases | Criminal Justice Review | 27(2), 284-300 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Out of 1,644 registered sex offenders in Arkansas, 2.4% were female S.O.s, 94% of the victims were related to the perps | ||||||||
| Vandiver,D.M. & Walker, J.T. | 2003 | Female sex offenders: A case study approach | Paper presented at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Las Vegas NV | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Vandiver,Donna & Jeremy Braithwaite | 2013 | An Assessment of Re-Arrest Patterns of a Cohort of 471 Registered Female Sex Offenders | Poster Session ATSA Chicago 2013 | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Discussed recidivism rates, noted that MSO recidivism rates are relatively low. Noted multiple research problems with data on FSOs (small sample size, short follow up times). Data to this point has been mixed. Cited Williams & Nicholachuk's 2001 (2.3%), Freeman & Sandler's 2008 (1.5%), Broadhurt & Loh's 2003 (0 rearrest). Authors' study used N=471 FSOs on Texas registry, follow up time average was 14.1 years with 48% of the subjects being re-arrested at least once; 7% were re-arrested for an assault, 15% were re-arrested for a sexual offense. Noted that in their sample of 7,385 sex offenders in 21 states in 2001, FSOs made up 3.1% | ||||||||
| Varjacic, Valentina | Female child sex offenders: review of literature | Child victim, adult perp | ||||||
| Varjacic,Valentina | http://prezi.com.mqk7pc1anzi5 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||||
| Vick,J., McRoy,R., & Matthews,B. | 2002 | Young female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 11(2), 1-23 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Basic review, noted lack of data, resarch and training on topic | ||||||||
| Virani,P | 2000 | Bitter chocolate: Child sexual abuse in India | Penguin Books : India | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Wagner,William G, Richard Aucoin & James T. Johnson | 1993 | "Psychologists' attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: The impact of sex perpetrator, sex of victm, age of victim, and victim response." | Journal of Child Sexual Abuse | 2,2 61-74 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Sample 303 American psychologists and found they ahd same attribution biases against male victims. | ||||||||
| Wahl,C.W. | 1960 | The psychodynamics of consummated maternal ncest: A report of two cases | Archives of General Psychiatry | 3, 96-101 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| case histories of 2 adult psychiatric patients who reported incest with their mothers during adolescence | ||||||||
| Wakefield,H., & Underwager,R. | 1991 | Female child sexual abusers:A critial review of the literature | American Journal of Forensic Psychology | 9 (4), 45-69 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Wakefield,H.,Rogers,M.,Un | 1990 | Female sexual abusers: A theory of loss | Issues in Child Abuse Accusations | 2 (4), 191-195 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Waldner-Haugrud,L. | 1999 | Sexual coercion in lesbian and gay relationships: A review and critique | Aggression and Violent Behavior | 4 (2), 139-149 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Waldner-Haugrud,L. & Magruder,B. | 1995 | Male and female sexual victimization in dating relationships: Gender differences in coercion techniques and outcomes | Violence and Victims | 10 (3), 203-215 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Waldner-Haugrud,L., Vaden Gratch,L, & Magruder,B. | 1997 | Victimization and perpetration rates of violence in gay and lesbian relationships: Gender issues explored | Violence and Victims | 12 (2), 173-184 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Waldner-Haugrud.L., Vaden,Gratch,L. | 1997 | Sexual coercion in gay/lesban relationships: Descriptives and gender differences | Violence and Victims | 12 (1), 87-98 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=111 lesbians, used survey; 45% reported a history of sexual assault by an intimate partner. | ||||||||
| Walker, Jane Lizbeth | 2004 | A Study of Male Rape Survivors | Dissertation: University of Cental Lancashire | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| First study: N=40 male rape survivors' demographics, circumstances and long term effects. Most reported intrusive re-experiencing of rape. Was focused on male-male rape. | ||||||||
| Walters,D.R. | 1975 | Physical and sexual abuse of children: Causes and treatment | Bloomington Indiana Univeristy Press | Specifically on male victims | ||||
| Viewed mother-son incest as rare | ||||||||
| Wang, Yu-Wei | 2011 | Voices from the Margin: A Case Study of a Rural Lesbians's Experience with Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence | Journal of Lesbian Studies | 15 (2), 2011 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Looked at coping responses for female victims of sexual assault by FSO, noting extra difficulties due to rural setting. | ||||||||
| Warren,J., & Hislop,J. | 2001 | Female sex offenders: A typological and etiological overview | In R Hazelwood & A. Burgess (Eds), Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach | pp 421-434 | Bocal Raton,FL CRC Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Wasley,M.K. | 2013 | Sexual Ad-lib? Sexual Scripts and the Negotation of Sexual Boundaries When Women Have Sex with Women | Doctoral dissertation: Texas State University | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| N=20. Several participants discussed their sexual victimization by other women, with relevant factors such as fear of partner's temper, violence and the role of alcohol in these events. The author used vague terms regarding violation of sexual boundaries rather than attempted sexual assault. | ||||||||
| Waterman,C.K., Dawson, M.A., & Bologna,M.J. | 1989 | Seuxal coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors of gay rape | Journal of Sex Research | 26(1), 118-124 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| 124. N=36 lesbians; 31% reported being victims of forced sex by their current or most recent partners | ||||||||
| Watkins,B., and Bentovim,A. | 2000 | Male children and adolescents as victims: A review of current knowledge | In Meze, G.C. and King,M.B. (Eds) Male Victims of Sexual Assault 2nd edition | pp 35-78 | New York: Oxford Unveristy P | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Weedon,Victoria | 2011 | Girls 101: psychosocial and Clinical Characteristics of girls (10-17 years) with Harmful Sexual Behaviors in New Zealand | Dissertation 2011 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| 61% of the girls also had non-sexual violent behavior, 18% engaged in animal cruelty (including sexual), 6.8% were accessing pornography. 36% had male victims, 27% had female victims and 29% had both male/female victims. 48% of the victims were family members. 4.5% anally penetrated their victim, 2.5% vaginally penetrated their victim, 70.5% fondled their victim's genitals. 59% had more than one victim. 63% started offending by age 12 years. 56% molested children under the age of 5 years, Sites of the offending ranged from home, school to babysitting | ||||||||
| Weiss,Karen. G | 2010 | Male Sexual Victimization: Examining Men's Experiences of Rape and Sexual Assault | Men and Masulinities | 12(3), 275-298 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Used nationally representative sample of male victim info from National Crime Victimization Survey, noted that men's narrative is similar to that of female rape victims, but males were less willing to report victimization. Specifically male victims reported that 45.7% of their perps were female. 28% of the perps were intimate partners of the male victims, 14% were strangers, 14% were co-workers and 9.3% were friends. 67.4% of the FSO cases involved sexual assault, 14% involved attempted rape and 18.6% involved rape of the male victim. Author includes an excellent analysis of socio-cultural factors that make it difficult for males to report their sexual victimization. | ||||||||
| Weldon,E.V. | 1990 | Women who sexually abuse children | British Medical Journal | 300 (6738), 1527-1528 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Welldon,E. | 1996 | Female Sex Offenders' | Prison Service Journal London | 107 39-47 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Wellman,M.M. | 1993 | Child sexual abuse and gender d | Child abuse & neglect | 17 (4), 539-547 | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| N=824 college students, 6% of males reported sexual victimization during youth. | ||||||||
| West, CM, Rose S. | 2000 | Dating aggression among low income African American youth: An examination of gender inddferences and antagonistic beliefs | Violence Against Women | 6:470-494 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . N=171 low income African American youth, with female perpetrated sexual aggression ranging from 1.3% engaging in forced fondling of male victim's genitalia, 6.9% forcing oral sex, 11.5% either attempting or succeeding in forcing intercourse with their male victim. | ||||||||
| West, Sara G., Susan Hatters Friedman & Ki Dan Kim | 2011 | Women Accused of Sex Offenses: A Gender-Based Comparison | Behavioral Sciences & the Law | 29 (5), 728-740 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Used data from US city's forensic psych clinic over 6 year period where women were referred for Sexual Predator Classification evals. Was diverse group (age 19-62 years) but most had kids, most had prior arrests, most had non-paraphilic diagnoses. 50% of FSOs denied any history of childhood physical abuse, 66% denied any history of childhood sexual victimization. | ||||||||
| West,D.J. & Woodhouse,T.P. (Eds) | 1993 | Children's Sexual Encounter with adults: A Scientific Study | Buffalo, NY : Promtheus Books | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Whaley,Monte | 2011 | Sentencing disparities in child-sex-assault cases point to double standard' | The Denver Post www.denverpost.com/news/ci_18726100 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Analyzed Colorado sentencing data from 2006-2010, N=79 FSOs, 38% of whom went to prison for conviction of child sexual assault and 39% were given Probation. In comparison, males convicted of same had an incarceration rate of 50% and only 35% got probation. | ||||||||
| Whelan,C., Farr, C & Hammond,S | 2010 | Evaluation and validation of the revised Thorne Sex Inventory: implications for female sexual offenders | Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 99999 | (1) 1-16 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Suggested the TSI as a research tool | ||||||||
| Whetsell-Mitchell, J., & Morse,J. | 1998 | From Victims to Survivors: Reclaimed Voices of Women Sexually Abused in Childhood by Females | Washington DC: Accelerated Development | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| White,J.W., & Humphrey, J.A. | 1994 | Women's aggression in herosexual conflicts | Aggressive behaviour | 20, 195-202 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Whiting,Glynis | 2001 | When Girls Do It; An examination of sexual predators (Video) | CTV Moving Images Distribution | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| 45 minutes long, focus on Canadian case of Crystal Hendricks (adult) who co-offended with a male | ||||||||
| Widom,C. | 1979 | Female Offenders: Three Assumptions About Self-Esteem, Sex-Role Identity, and Feminism | Criminal Justice and Behavior | 6,365-382 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Widom,C.S.& Morris,S. | 1997 | Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization, part 2: childhood sexual abuse | Psychological assessment | 9 (1),, 34 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Males who childhood physical abuse also had significant amount of sexual victimization, with 16.9% reporting intercourse and 14.4% reported attempted intercourse in childhood. | ||||||||
| Widom,C.S., & Massey,C. | 2015 | A Prospective Exmaination of Whether Childhood Sexual Abuse Predicts Subsequent Sexual Offending | JAMA pediatrics | 169(1), e 143357-e143357 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Prospective cohort study and archival records check from US Mid. Used kids (0-11 yrs) with substantiated cases of physical and/or sexual abuse and cases of neglect, then matched (age, sex, ethnicity, social class) with kids without these histories. 908 abused kids and 667 control kids, followed into adulthood. Also looked at criminal histories from state and federal records at 3 points in time plus state S.O. registries. Found that MALES who had histories of childhood physical abuse and neglect were at increased risk for being arrested for a sex crime, compared to controls, when they controlled for demographics. The adjusted odds ratio was 2.06 for physical abuse, 2.21 for neglect but sexual abuse didn't increase the risk; it didn't reach statistical significance. But the physical abuse, neglect and sexual abuse of females was NOT associated with increased risk. In other words, the 'predisposed' female offender typology isn't real | ||||||||
| Wiegel M., Abel, G., & Jordan, A. | 2003 | The self reported behavior of adult female child abusers | paper presented at the 22nd Annual Research and Treatment Conference ATSA St. Louis, Missouri | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Wiegel,M. | 2009 | Adult Women Who Sexually Abuse Minors: self-reported characeristics and objectively measured sexual interst' | paper presented at 11th Annual Joint Conference, MASOC/MATSA Marlborough,Massachusettes | Child victim, adult perp | ||||
| Wijkman, Miriam & Catrien Bijleveld | 2013 | Criminal Career Features of Female Sexual Offenders | ATSA 2013 Chicago | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| We examined data on all (N=260) convicted adult hands-on female sex offenders who became known to the criminal justice authorities in the Netherlands between 1993 and 2011. As such, the research group we studied comprises, in a statistical sense, a population. We analyzed the official criminal records of these females, as well as their court files that often contain psychiatric and psychological screenings, that also contained detailed descriptions of the sexual offenses committed. Findings indicate that one in three female sexual offenders in the study had an IQ below 85. About 36% had an Axis I and/or II disorder. Sexual victimization was reported by 22%. More than 65% had committed the offense together with a co-perpetrator and two thirds of victims were female. The average age at which they had first committed a sexual offense was approximately 35 years. Over their entire career, about half of the women had committed other offenses besides sexual offenses. Less than 2% re-offended to with a new sexual offense and the majority of the women desisted after the index sex offense. The average criminal career duration was 3.7 years for all women. Further characteristics of their criminal careers in terms of age of onset, offending frequency, duration and desistance will be described for different offender types. To better understand the patterns of offending of female sexual offenders, these characteristics will be disaggregated by prominent background factors like disorders, IQ, and victimization experiences. | ||||||||
| Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld & Jan Hendricks | 2011 | "Female Sex offenders: Sepcialists, generalists and once-only offenders." | Journal of Sexual Aggression | 17 (1), 34-45 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| A latent class analysis shows that three subgroups of women can be distinguished: once-only offenders (who commit just one sex offence and no other offence), generalists (who combine sex offending with relatively many serious other, often violent, offences) and specialists (who commit relatively many sex offences next to some minor offences). Women in these three criminal career types differ in characteristics such as victimization history, alcohol abuse and the sex of the victims. Median age of their victims was 11 years. More than 25% of the women were solo offenders and 12% were the lead offender with an accomplice. 45% of the co-offenders were not romantic partners. 18% of the women used violence. | ||||||||
| Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld & Jan Hendricks | 2013 | Juvenile female sex offenders: Offender and offence characteristics | European Journal of Criminology | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Used all juvy FSOs from Netherlands (1993-2008) N=66. Most offended with someone else rather than solo.. | ||||||||
| Wijkman,M | 2014 | Female seuxal offending: Offenders, criminal careers and co-offending | Thesis Universiteit Amsterdam | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| N= 135 Dutch FSOs, average age 35 years, 42% had below average or borderline intelligence, 48% had some form of Axis I or II disorder (i.e. borderline personality, alcoholism).22% claimed a history of sexual abuse (majority did Not have a history of sexual victimization). Victim ages ranged from infant to elderly, with Median age of 13 yrs. 44% of cases involved the perp's relative; 30% offended against a male victim, 58% against a female victim and 12% offended against both sexes. 26% had more than one victim. In 12% of cases, the FSO facilitated the offense with an accomplice (no coerced by a male co-offender) and in 28% she offended solo. 18% used physical violence against victim(s). 1.5% had a hands-on sexual re-offense, 7.4% had a violent re-offense and 27.4% had a general, non-violent re-offense. Cases divided up between those who had Only One Offense, Generalists (sexual and non-sexual offenses) or Specialists (40% committed 5+ sexual offenses). The Specialists were the ones who also engaged in hands-off offending like producing child pornography. They rarely committed other types of crime. Noted that, compared to a similar study with males, her study had more (57%) Specialists. Specialists were more likely to report their own childhood sexual victimization, while Generalists were more likely to report childhood abuse and neglect. Mean follow-up time was 11 years. Generalists average start age was 30.2, Specialists was 34.2, with Generalists having a longer criminal career. | ||||||||
| Wijkman,M., Bijleveld,C & Hendricks,J. | 2010 | Women Don't Do Such Things! Characterisics of Female Sex Offenders and Offender Types | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 22(2) 135-156 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| N=111 adult female sexual offenders in Netherlands all with contact offenses. 23% offended against adults & 77% offended against minors. Victim age ranged from newborn to 60 years. Women's average age at beginning of offending was 34 yrs. 37% were solo offenders, 63% were team offenders (75% of team offenders worked with male inmate partners; it remains unclear who the other 25% were partnered with). 23% had 2-5 victims. 9% abused strangers.25% of the women used physical violence. | ||||||||
| Wijkman,M., Bijleveld,C.C., & Hoving E. | 2008 | Zoiets doet een vrouw niet' Kenmerken en subtypen van vrouwelijke zedendelinquenten | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie | 51 (3), 1 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Wijkman,Miriam; Weerman,Frank; Bijleveld,Catrien: and Hendricks, Jan | 2015 | Group Sexual Offending by Juvenile Females | Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | 27(3), 335-356 | Child/adolescent perp | |||
| N=35. Reviewed records of 66 juvenile females who were arraigned for at least 1 contact sexual offense in Netherlands between 1995-2009; 58% offended with someone else. Used the available archival data on those 35 (38 but data was missing). They were part of 26 offender groups (2 or more offenders). Average age at time offending=15 yrs. 8 cases showed signs of a personality disorder, 5 were diagnosed with conduct disorder, 1 with oppositional/defiant disorder. 21% had intercourse before age 14, 13% had engaged in solicitation, 34% were truant. About 25% reported other offenses like theft, vandalism or violence. Majority of victims were other females, 73% used some kind of violence during the offense (kicking, beating, threatening, spitting on, use of weapon). The majority of the offenses involved some kind of pre-planning or preparation. Researchers noted 3 themes of motivation: harassing victim, sexual gratification and taking revenge. Noted that the specific theme of revenge via sexual humiliation was a behavior unique to FSOs; noted that FSO may instrumentally exploit a male for this action. Also noted that FSO’s self-reports about their crime and past histories were taken after FSO was charged and likely were affected by neutralization or minimization. Suggested that they have may have underestimated sexual motives. Noted the risk of treating group offenders in a group modality due to risk of reinforcing each other. | ||||||||
| Wilkins,R | 1990 | Women who sexually abuse children: Doctors need to become sensitied to the possibility | British Medical Journal | 300(300, 1153-1154. | Child victim, adult perp | |||
| Williams, S.M., & Nicholaichuk,T. | 2001 | Assessing static risk factors in adult female sex offenders under federal jurisdiction | annual confeence of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Antonia, TX | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Williams,C.M., Cook-Craig, P.G., Bush,H.M., Clear,E.R., A.M. Garcia,L.S.,& Fisher,B.S. | 2014 | Victimization and Perpetration of Unwanted Sexual Activities Among High School Studens Frequency and Correlates | Violence Against Women | 20(10) 1239-1257 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| . Looked at both perpetration and victimization in a Kentucky statewide sample of high school males & females, N=18,030 . Noted the problem of multiple definitions and terms used in research for sexual violence. 13.6% of responding males reported history of victimization, with slightly higher rate among non-white males and higher rate among males who identified as not-exclusively heterosexual. 5.8% of responding females reported history of perpetration, with being in a relationship during the last 12 months, not being exclusively heterosexual, not being white and parental partner violence as correlating factors. The methods used by females were threatening to end relationship and getting victim intoxicated. 4.4% of the females reported both victimization and perpetration histories. | ||||||||
| Williams,Jessica, Roberts: Reem. M. Ghandour and Joan E. Kub | 2008 | Perpetration of Violence in Heterosexual Intimate Relationships: Adolescence through Adulthood | Trauma,Violence&Abuse | 9(4): 227-249 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Williams,K.S. &Bierie,D.M | 2014 | An Incident-Based Comparison of Female and Male Sexual Offenders | Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| . Used National Incident Based Reporting System to compare all sexual assaults reported to police in 37 states, 1991-2011. Basic similarities included that victim/perp were usually acquainted, most victims weren't injured. Female perps were more likely to use an accomplice (30% of cases) but this wasn't the most common scenario. Co-offending with a male accomplice was not the dominant scenario. FSOs committed 43,018 incidents. 61.9% (26,630) were solo FSOs and 5.6% (2,402) involved groups of multiple FSOs. Only 11.8% of MSO cases involved one or more accomplices. Female perps were more likely to offend against males in 55% of cases, against females in 45% of cases. FSOs were less likely to use alcohol during their offense. The most common location was a residence, the most common relationship between both FSO & MSO perp/victim was acquaintance/friend. FSOs committed offense on roads/alleys in 2% of cases, in outdoor environments in 4% of cases and in Jails in 2% of cases. Females were more likely than males to offend in a Jail, Hospital or School. Two percent of the FSO cases involved a stranger, 4% involved a boyfriend/girlfriend, 10% involved their own child, 3% involved their stepchild. 8% of victims had minor lacerations. FSOs were less likely to be arrested (16%) than were MSOs (24%). 13% - 23% of FSO cases were rape but this seems to be related to federal definition of rape | ||||||||
| Williams,S | 1995 | Female Sex Offenders: Addendum to Risk Assessment Training Manual | Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada | pp 38-46 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| Wojcieszek,Agnieska and Miguel Angel Soria | "Female sex offenders, Risk factors, characteristics and criminal behaviour Age 15 | http://www.forensicscience/pl/pfs/92_Wojcieszek.pdf | no 43-45 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Wolfe,F.A. | 1985 | Twelve female sexual offenders | Paper presented at "Next steps in research on the assessment and treatment of sexually aggressive persons (Paraphilias" | Assessment or treatment related | ||||
| Wolfers,O. | 1992 | Same abuse, different parent | Social Work Today | 13-14 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Wolfers,O. | 1994 | The paradox of women who sexually abuse children | In M. Elliott (Ed) Female Sexual Ab | 93-99 | New York: The Guilford Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Wolff, N. Blitz, C.J. shi,J>, Bachman,R.,& Siegel,J.A. | 2006 | Sexual violence inside prisons: Rates of victimization | Journal of Urban Health | 83 (5) 835-848 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N= 6,964 men and 564 women, used survey of state prisoners. Female-on-female sexual victimization within last 6 months was 21% (4x higher than that reported by males at 4.3%) but staff-on-inmate sexual victimization was equal. | ||||||||
| Wolosik,A., Y Majewska,E. | 2011 | Napastowanie seksualne wsrod nastolatkow | Niebieksa Linia | 72,, 16-18 | Adult victim, adult perp | |||
| Worling,J.R. Y Curwen, T | 2000 | Adolesecent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implicatons for risk prediction. | Child abuse & neglect | 24 (7) 965-982 | Assessment or treatment related | |||
| N=9 females | ||||||||
| Wright,Richard G. (ed) | 2009 | Sex Offender Laws: Failed Policies, New Directions New York: Springer | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Cites the Uniform Crime Reports of the FBI 2006, which indicated that females represent only 10% of the sex offense cases that come to the attention of authorities. More specifically, arrests of females represent only 1% of all adult arrests for forcible rape and 6% of all adult arrests for other sex offenses. | ||||||||
| Wulffen,E. | 1934 | Woman as sexual criminals | New York: American Ethonological Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| Wurtele,S.K. Simons,D., & Moreno,T. | 2013 | Sexual Interest in Children Among an Online Sample of Men and Women: Prevalence and Correlates | Sexual abuse: A journal of research and treatment 1079063213503688 | Legal issues or research issues | ||||
| N=262 females/173 males. 2% of women indicated some likelihood of having sex with a child if they were guaranteed they would not be caught or punished. 3% of females indicated some likelihood of viewing child pornography on the Internet. Overall, 4% of females reported some likelihood of having sex with children or viewing child pornography. Females (and males) with any sexual interest in children reported higher likelihoods of engaging in other antisocial or criminal behaviors and also reported more dysfunctional childhoods (i.e., histories of sexual abuse, insecure parent-child attachments). | ||||||||
| Ybarra,Michele L. & Kimberly J. Mitchell | 2013 | Prevalence Rates of Male and Female Sexual Violence Perpetrators in a Nation Sample of Adolescents | JAMA pediatrics | Published online | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=1,058 youths (14-21) data collected online in 2010 and 2011. 9% reported perpetrating some form of sexual violence during their lifetime including 10 women who reported attempted or completed rape of victim. Females tended to have older victims, and started offending at a later age than males. The majority of the female's victims were male, with 72% of victims the perp's boyfriend. 6% threatened to use force and 7% did use force on victim. The majority did not suffer any consequences, in part because no one was informed. 70% reported that they felt not at all or only somewhat responsible for what occurred. 49% reported that they felt the victim was completely responsible for what occurred. | ||||||||
| Yeager,Jennifer,and Joshua Fogel | 2006 | "Male disclosure of sexual abuse and rape." | Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing Ejournal | 6 no 1 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| Little or no health care provider training on sexual assaul, particularly concerning male victims. | ||||||||
| Yost, M.R. & Zurbriggen E.L. | 2006 | Gender differences in the enactment of sociosexuality: An examination of implicit social motives, sexual fantasies, coercive sexual attitudes, and aggressive sexual behavior. | Journal of Sex Research | 43 (2) 163-173 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Young,M.H., Justice,J.V.&Edberg,P. | 2010 | Sexual Offenders in Prison Psychiatric Treatment: A biopsychosocial description | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology | 54 (1) 92-112 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Young,V | 1993 | Women abusers-a feminist view | In M. Eliott (Ed.) Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 100-113 | New York: Guilford Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Young,V | 1994 | Self-help for survivors | In M. Ellott (Ed), Female Sexual Abuse of Children | 198-218 | New York: Guilford Press | Legal issues or research issues | ||
| Zurbriggen,Eileen L. | 2000 | "Social motives and cognitive power-sex associations: Predictors of aggessive sexual behavior." | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | 78 no 3 (2000): 559 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Community sample; 17% of women had used at least one manipulative tactic (threatening to end relationship, belittling partner's manhood) in order to secure sex from partner. 18% reported getting someone drunk in order to decrease their resistance to sex. 11% had used physical tactics such as grabbing the person tightly while looking at them angrily". | ||||||||
| Zurbriggen,Eileen L. | 2011 | Implicit motives and sexual conservatism as predictors of sexual behaviors. | The Journal of social psychology | 151 (5) 535-555 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| N=92 women, 102 men from community sample. Measured implicit motivations about Power (want to have an impact on the world) and Affiliation-Intimacy, sexual conservatism (only certain behaviors and certain partners are acceptable; very related to procreative sex, restrictive sexual behaviors for women). Women who had both low sexual conservatism (high sexual liberalism?) and high power implicit motivation had more sexual partners and started having sex at an earlier age. | ||||||||
| Zweig,J.M. Barber,B.L., & Eccles, J.S. | 1997 | Sexual coercion and well being in young adulthood: Comparisons by gender and college status. | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 12 (2) 291-308 | Legal issues or research issues | |||
| Participants wrote stories in response to TAT pictures, which were scored for power and affiliation-intimacy motives. They also completed a lexical-decision priming task that provided an index of the strength of the cognitive association between the concepts of "power" and "sexuality." For women, high levels of affiliation-intimacy motivation were associated with more frequent aggression. Women higher in affiliation-intimacy motivation reported more coercive and seductive behaviors. Strong power-sex associations were also predictive for women but only when affiliation-intimacy motivation was high. 6% also admitted to forcing sex on someone who was already too drunk to resist, 15% to threatening to leave relationship if sex refused, and 17% to intentionally getting someone drunk in order to force sex. The Affiliation-intimacy motive is defined as a concern for friendship or warm, intimate relationships with others. Affiliation-motivated participants choose incompetent friends rather than competent strangers as their partner for performing a task (French, 1956). When predicting physical aggression by women, Mason and Blankenship (1987) found that those women self-reporting high stress who were also high in affiliation motivation and low in activity inhibition inflicted the most physical and psychological abuse on their partners. | ||||||||
| Zyck, Steven A. | 2004 | Consenting to Masculine Sexuality: Michael M., Sexual Decision-Making, and Claiming the Rape of Men | Dartmouth College Undergraduate Journal of Law | 34-39 | Specifically on male victims | |||
| 1986 | Around the nation: Woman may be rapist, Main high court holds | New York Times | Legal issues or research issues | |||||
| Women as well as men may be prosecuted for statutory rape, the State Supreme Court ruled today, paving the way for trial of a woman accused of raping a 13-year-old boy. The justices concluded that Maine's rape laws under the criminal code are ''gender neutral'' and dismissed a defense argument that only women may be the victims of rape, said Assistant Attorney General Wayne Moss. ''Taken together, these statutes represent a comprehensive effort on behalf of the Legislature to outlaw the sexual exploitation of children, whether male or female,'' the court said. | ||||||||
| Worldwide Ages of Consent | www.avert.org/age-of-consent.htm | |||||||
| Gender differences: M/F (notes: most countries' have 18-21 as age of consent for gay/lesbian sex, if permitted at all) Angola: 12/15 Argentina 13/16 Australia: 16/18 Brazil 14/18 Canada: 16/18 Germany 14-16 India: 14/16 Israel: 14/16 Japan: 13/18 Arkansas,USA: 14/16 Colorado: 15/17 Florida: 16/18 Indiana 14/16 Iowa: 14/16 Utah: 16/18 | ||||||||
| Making Daughters Safe Again | Legal issues or research issues | |||||||
| http://mdsa-online.org/ | ||||||||