Female Sexual Offender Annotated Bibliography by Category
Theresa M. Porter, PsyD
theresaporterpsyd@femaleaggression.info
Click here for list sorted by Author			Click here for list sorted by Date				Click here for list sorted by Category
Authors	Year	Title	Journal	Pages	Publisher	Editors	Category
	2014	http://www.theguardian.co/books/2014/jun/27/sff-community-marion-zimmer-bradley-daughter-accuses-abuse
Moira Greyland, Bradley's daughter, went public with her accusation onthe blog of the author Deirdre Saoirse Moen earlier this month, giving Moen permission to quote from an email in which she wrote: "The first time she molested me, I was three. The last time, I was 12, and able to walk away … She was cruel and violent, as well as completely out of her mind sexually. I am not her only victim, nor were her only victims girls."
Male victims of abuse had significantly higher rates of psychiatric treatment during the study period than general population controls.  Rates were higher for childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders and major affective disorders, but not for schizophrenia. 22.8% of Male victims had treatment.
		Vagina Monologues
The play is meant includes discussion about violence against women but the original included a the rape of a 13 yr old girl by a 24 yr old adult who used alcohol as a tool (The Little Coochi Snorcher that Could). It originally included the line "...if it was rape, it was a good rape."  It eventually was edited to move the victim's age to 16.
		Statutory Rape	A Guide to State Laws Reporting, Requirements, a Summary of Current State Laws
Age of Consent: this is the age at which an individual can legally consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstance• Minimum Age of Victim: this is the age below which an individual cannot consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstance • Age Differential: if the victim is above the Minimum Age and below the Age of Consent, the age differential is the Maximum Difference in age between the victim and the defendant where an individual can legally consent to sexual intercourse • Minimum Age of Defendant in order to Prosecute: this is the age below which an individual cannot be prosecuted for engaging in sexual activities with minors • A common misperception about statutory rape is that state codes define a single age at which an individual can legally consent to sex.  Only 12 states have a single age of consent, below which an individual can’t consent to intercourse under any circumstance
		http://www.socraddockmethod.com/can-a-woman-rape-a-man/
		http://rebrn.com/re/this-is-how-mary-p-koss-one-of-the-most-prominent-feminist-resea-648696/   So what do we call it when a woman forces another woman to have sex without consent?
		https://plus.google.com/wm/trollface-meme_www.trollize.com_viral-videos-funny-lol/communities/112326066630207633294  male survivors site
K Munro
includes articles regarding sexual offenses against both males and females on her website
		Worldwide Ages of Consent	www.avert.org/age-of-consent.htm
Gender differences: M/F (notes: most countries' have 18-21 as age of consent for gay/lesbian sex, if permitted at all) Angola: 12/15 Argentina 13/16 Australia: 16/18 Brazil 14/18 Canada: 16/18 Germany 14-16 India: 14/16 Israel: 14/16 Japan: 13/18 Arkansas,USA: 14/16 Colorado: 15/17 Florida: 16/18 Indiana 14/16 Iowa: 14/16 Utah: 16/18
	1998	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies.			New York: The Guilford Press	Anderson, P. B., & Struckman-Johnson, C.	Adult victim, adult perp
Ackerman, A.R., Harris, A.J, Levenson J.S., & Zgoba, K.	2011	Who are the people in your neighborhood? A descriptive analysis of individuals on public sex offender registries.	International Jornal of law and psychiatry	34(3) 149-159			Adult victim, adult perp
Created a national profile of the registered sex offender population for US, Puerto Rico and Guam.   Females make up 2.3% overall, with higher percentages in Louisiana (6.9%), Wyoming (5.1%), Guam (6%), Missouri (3%), Montana (3%), NC (3%), Ohio, (3%), Puerto Rico (3%), Tennessee (3%), WV (4%), Wisconsin (3%).
Acton, W.M.	1865	The Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive Organs in Childhood, Youth, Adult Age, and Advanced Life considered in their Physiological, Social, and Moral Relations	The American Journal of the Medical Sciences	49(98) 468			Adult victim, adult perp
Claimed that women weren't "bothered" by sexual feelings.
Adams, E.M.	1988	Sex of the Victim, Offender and Helper: The effects of Gender Differences on Attributions and Attitudes in Case of Incest	Unpublished PhD. Disseration. Columbus, OH. The Ohio State Unversity				Adult victim, adult perp
Agardh, A., Oderg-Pettersson, K., & Ostergren, P.O.	2011	Experience of sexual coercion and risky sexual behavior among Ugandan university students	BMC publc health	11(1), 527			Adult victim, adult perp
N=980 university students; 29% of males had experienced sexual coercion
Aizenman, M., & Kelley, G.	1988	The Incidence of Violence and Acquaintance Rape in Dating Relationships among College Men and Women.	Journal of College Student Development	29(4), 305-311			Adult victim, adult perp
Aizenman,M.& Kelley,G.	1988	The Incidence of Violence and Acquaintance Rape in Dating Relationships among College Men and Women	Journalof Colledge Student Development	29(4), 305-311			Adult victim, adult perp
N=400 each male/female undergrads; used questionnaires of their heterosexual relationships experiences and abuse.  7% of males reported experiencing violence.
Alarid, L. F.	2000	Sexual Assault and Coercion among Incarcerated Women Prisoners: Excerpts from Prison Letters.	The Prison Journal	80 (4), 391-406			Adult victim, adult perp
In this study, heterosexual ‘femme’ females were noted as the sexual aggressor and there was apathy among female inmates regarding the sexual coercion and assault.
American Association of University Women	2001	Hostile Hallways			Washington, D.C.: AAUW Educational Foundation		Adult victim, adult perp
Anderson P. B., & Aymani R.	1993	Reports of female initiation of sexual contact: Male and female differences.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	22(4), 335-343.			Adult victim, adult perp
Women's reports of initiating sexual contact and men's reports of experiencing female initiation were compared. 128 male and 212 female college students were recruited from sexuality classes at three institutions. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between women's reports of initiating sexual contact and men's reports of experiencing female initiation. A chi-square test of significance at the p <0.05 level with an alpha rate adjustment (p <0.002) using the Bonferroni technique was implemented. Of 26 questionnaire items, 15 registered significant differences between male and female reports (p <0.002). Overall, males reported experiencing female initiation more frequently than females reported initiating. Traditional gender roles may influence male and female perceptions of female initiation of sexual contact in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting.
Anderson, P. B.	1996	Correlates of College Women's Self-Reports of Heterosexual Aggression	Sexual Abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment	8 (2), 121-131			Adult victim, adult perp
N=212 students, anonymous questionnaire of sexual behaviors including initiating sexual contact, using sexual coercion (threatening to end a relationship, verbal pressure, or lying), sexual abuse (sex with a minor by an adult at least 5 years older than the minor, by inducing intoxication, or by using a position of power or authority), or physically forced sex (by the threat of physical force, actual physical force, or the use of a weapon). 28.5% of the women reported a history of using some form of coercion. 8.5% of the women admitted threatening to end a relationship if the male didn’t agree to sex, 11.3% used verbal tactics, 10.4% questioned his sexuality, 3.8% threatening to use physical force and 7.1% used physical force. 14.7% reported getting the male partner intoxicated in order to have sex. Past victimization only explained 4.5% of the variance. Only 4.9% of the variance was explained by the adversarial beliefs.
Anderson, P. B.	1998	Variations in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression	Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	10(4), 283-92			Adult victim, adult perp
The purpose of this study was to provide an examination of differences in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression between two samples. One sample of college women was drawn from three colleges in and around New York City (East; N = 212) and one was drawn from a midsized commuter university in Louisiana (South; N = 249). The respondents were questioned about their lifetime initiation of heterosexual activity. Approximately 28.5% of the women from the East reported engaging in sexually initiatory behaviors traditionally defined as sexual coercion, 21.1% in sexual abuse, and 7.1% in physically forced sex. The women in the sample from the South also reported engaging in sexual coercion (25.7%), sexual abuse (7.3%), and physically forced sex (1.6%), but at lower rates than the other sample. “college women are behaving in some ways that are not stereotypic of their gender role expectations, are sexually aggressive toward men in some instances, and may pose a risk for being involved in sexually aggressive episodes”.
Anderson, P. B., & Newton, M.	1997	The initiating heterosexual contact scale: A factor analysis	Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	9 (3) 179-186			Adult victim, adult perp
N=212 college women, used survey of self-reported initiated of sexual contact with men. Found 6 factors on measure which accounted for 59.8% of variance: Sexual Arousal, Hidden Motives (jealousy, to end a relationship with another man), Verbal Pressure (threaten to end relationship), Retaliation or Gain (sex with someone in position of authority over you), Physical Force, and Exploitation (to gain power over him, while he was intoxicated).
Anderson, P. B., & Newton, M.	2004	Predicting the use of sexual initiation tactics in a sample of college women.http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/uspace/id/789	Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality	7			Adult victim, adult perp
Anderson, P. B., & Sorenson, W.	1999	Male and female differences in reports of women’s heterosexual initiation and aggression.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	28(3), 285-295			Adult victim, adult perp
Previous work that compared male and female reports of women’s heterosexual initiation and aggression is replicated. It was hypothesized that men’s reports of women’s sexual initiation and aggression would be significantly greater than women’s self-report of sexual initiation and aggression in the most recent sample. N=82 males Of the 24 questionnaire items, 12 of the 17 specifically designed to assess sexual initiation or aggression demonstrated significant reporting differences. For every questionnaire item, except “mutually consenting contact,” men reported women initiating sexual contact more often than women self-reported. In addition, comparisons were made to determine the level of agreement between the results of this study and a previous study in which the same comparisons were made with a different sample. It was hypothesized that the identical questionnaire items would demonstrate significant gender-based reporting differences in both samples. This hypothesis was mostly supported with 11 items showing a significant difference in both samples. In both samples, males reported receiving female initiation and aggression more frequently than females reported giving. Logistic regression results supported a difference in perception of women’s sexual initiation based on gender of respondent. In both samples men see women’s initiation as less conforming to traditional social norms for women and more aggressive than women do. Gender role expectations and social desirability may influence male and female perceptions of female heterosexual initiation and aggression in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting. For those 13 items that relate specifically to sexually aggressive behaviors, men reported significantly more aggression by women than women self-reported on 9 items (New Orleans.) and 11 items (N.Y.), respectively. 36% of the males reported experiencing sexual aggression by women when he was a minor, 58% when he was drunk. 3.7% of the women admitted to attempting to have sex with a minor who was 5+ years younger than herself.
Anderson, P. B., Kontos, A. P., Tanigoshi, H., & Struckman?Johnson, C.	2005	An examination of sexual strategies used by urban southern and rural Midwestern university women.	Journal of sex research	(2005)., 42(4), 335-341.			Adult victim, adult perp
135 women reported using non-physical coercion strategies, 174 reported using persuasion strategies, 23 reported using physical force strategies. The physical forced set reported earlier age of first intercourse than other groups, reported making more total telephone calls per week to males during adolescence (and to more separate boys rather than just same boy over and over). Clements-Schreiber, Rempel, and Desmarais (1998) attributed women's likely use of both overt (e.g., undress him, touch him, kiss him) and covert (e.g., get him drunk, make him jealous) pressure tactics to obtain sex from a reluctant man to beliefs in the stereotype of a male dependent sex drive for married women and to the belief that women's sex drive is at least as strong as a man's for single women. The authors concluded that the acceptance of sexual stereotypes differentially effected married women and single women in their likely use of pressure tactics. Struckman-Johnson (1988), reported that sixteen percent of male participants admitted being forced into unwanted heterosexual activity by a partner, but only 2% of female respondents reported forcing males into sexual activity in their lifetime. In a follow-up survey, the majority of males who had experienced forced sex (52% of 124), reported being forced into unwanted sex based upon psychological strategies (e.g., lying, guilty for not wanting to engage in sex, and blackmail). Furthermore, 25% of 124 males reported experiencing a combination of physical force and psychological tactics. The authors suggested that males and females both express behaviors that are sexually exploitative and range from verbal pressure to use of physical restraint and force. Anderson and Aymani (1993) stated that males reported being recipients of female aggression more than females admitted to being aggressors. The largest difference between male and female reports (41.1%) was recorded on a question measuring female adults' initiation of sex with male minors. The next largest difference was observed on the question asking each gender their account of a woman initiating sex with a man when his judgment was impaired by alcohol or drugs (30.2%). Discrepancies were concluded to be the result of sexual socialization of women and sexual stereotypes of men. Women were believed to have answered the survey partially focusing on socially desirable responses and partially on the myth that men will never turn down a sexual opportunity. In a follow-up study, Anderson and Sorensen (1999) concluded that men reported significantly more events of adult women initiating sexual contact with them while they were minors (OR=10.9), by getting them drunk or high (OR=3.7), and by threatening to end their relationship (OR=6.3) than women reported. All questions, except the one assessing mutually consenting sexual activity, showed some difference in the expected direction (i.e., men reported that women were more likely to initiate or be aggressive than women self-reported). The authors concluded that women may interpret their sexual aggression as more normal than do men. In addition to gender difference, discrepancies have also been highlighted in reports of sexual aggression between groups of women themselves. Women from different regions have been documented to report different rates in the use of sexual coercion, abuse, and physical force. Anderson (1998) reported that women from the South reported less overall aggression (34.1% vs. 46.2%), sexual abuse (7.3% vs. 21.1%), and physically forced sex (1.6% vs. 7.1%) but not less sexual coercion (all differences were significant at p < .001). Regional differences were interpreted as variations in global dating messages and gender scripts for each area. Despite the similarity of the samples, other factors (i.e. ethnicity, religion, peer group) in addition to region were discussed as being contributing factors.
Anderson,P.B., Sergey Lebedey, Radik, M. Masagutoy, Jennifer Eagen	2008	The impact of ethnicity and economic, social, and marital status on differences in the frequency of sexually aggressive behaviors among women liing in Ufa, Russian Federation.	Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality	Volume 12			Adult victim, adult perp
Baier, J. L., Rosenzweig, M. G., & Whipple, E. G.	1991	Patterns of Sexual Behavior, Coercion, and Victimization of University Students.	Journal of College Student Development	32(4), 310-322.			Adult victim, adult perp
Questionnaire data from 340 male and 362 female university students concerning their sexual behavior and coercive sexual experiences and victimization rates were analyzed by gender (GE), class level, and sexual orientation (SO). More than 80% of the Ss reported being sexually active, and many indicated multiple partners. Victimization rates were related to GE and SO: one-eighth of the men, one-fourth of the women, and more than one-third of gay/bisexual Ss indicated that they had engaged in sexual intercourse when they did not want to because they felt coerced to do so. More than half of all acts of sexual coercion and victimization reported by Ss occurred to them before they had entered college
Behrendt, N., Buhl, N., & Seidl, S.	2002	The lethal paraphiliac syndrome: Accidental autoerotic deaths in four women and a review of the literature.	International Journal of Legal Medicine	116(3), 1437-1596			Adult victim, adult perp
Beier, K. M.	2000	Female analogies to perversion.	Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy	26(1), 79-93.			Adult victim, adult perp
Bell, K.	1999	Female offenders of sexual assault.	Journal of Emergency Nursing	25(3), 241-243.			Adult victim, adult perp
Bender,L. Blau, A.	1937	Physical and sexual violence experienced by lesbian and heterosexual women	Violence Against Women	6(1), 68-79			Adult victim, adult perp
N=136 lesbians, in a convenience sample, responded to anonymous questionnaire; 24% reported sexual victimization by an intimate partner, another 27% reported same by a date.
Blosnich John R & Robert M. Bossarte	2009	Comparisons of Intimate Partner Violence Among Partners in Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Relationships in the United States	American Journal of Public Health	2009 99 (12) 2182-2184			Adult victim, adult perp
Used 2005-2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system data to examine IPV. 89% of the female respondents reported physical victimization by females, 51% reported sexual victimization by females; 97% of the males reported physical victimization by females, 12% reported sexual victimization by females. The eval asked questions regarding being groped, fondled, watched, photographed, oral/anal/vaginal intercourse, attempted,
Brousseau Melanie M, Martine Hébert & Sophie Bergeron	2012	Sexual Coercion within Mixed-Sex Couples: The Roles of Sexual Motives, Revictimization, and Reperpetration	Journal of Sex Research	49 (6) 2012			Adult victim, adult perp
Research suggests that a history of childhood sexual abuse, and previous experiences of sexual coercion, may predict sexual coercion victimization and perpetration. More recently, sexual motivation has been found to correlate with both consensual and non-consensual sexual activity. However, sexual motivation has not been examined in association with previous experiences of abuse and sexual coercion. The aim of this study was to investigate childhood sexual abuse, previous sexual coercion experiences, and sexual motives of both partners as possible risk factors for current sexual coercion victimization and perpetration within a sample of 209 mixed-sex couples. This study examined whether power, stress relief, partner pressure, and imposition motives contributed unique variance to the prediction of sexual coercion beyond that accounted for by past childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion events. Using hierarchical logistic regressions, four predictive models were examined for both male and female sexual coercion perpetration and victimization. Results show that childhood sexual abuse was only a significant predictor of female sexual coercion perpetration, whereas male sexual coercion victimization and perpetration were predicted by sexual coercion victimization and perpetration in previous relationships. Power motives were also significant predictors of sexual coercion perpetration, and imposition was a significant predictor of sexual coercion victimization for both genders
Budd,K.M., Bierie,D.M, Williams,K	2015	Deconstructing Incidents of Female Perpetrated Sex Crimes Comparing Female Sexual Offender Groupings	Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment. 107906321559436				Adult victim, adult perp
Reviewed National Incident Based Reporting System data 1992-2012 on FSOs, divided up as Solos (29,238 or 62% of sample), FSO/MSO co-ed pairs (11,000 or 24% of sample), FSO groups (2669 or 6% of sample) and multi-perp groups with FSOs & MSOs (4268 or 9% of sample).  The sexual offenses included forcible rape, forcible sodomy, sexual assault with an object, forcible fondling, non-forcible incest and non-forcible statutory rape (pimping was Not included).  They found that co-ed pairs were more likely to have a female victim than was a solo FSO, that co-ed pairs were more likely to have a dependent child for a victim than was a solo FSO.  Multi-perp groups were more likely to have a stranger victim and were more likely to cause both minor and major injuries to a victim.  Multi-perp groups were also more likely to be involved in computer crimes (non-contact, child porn) than solo FSOs.  FSO groups were more likely to offend within a jail setting than other types of FSO offenders.
Busby, D. M., & Compton, S. V.	1997	Patterns of sexual coercion in adult heterosexual relationships: An exploration of male victimization	Family Process	36(1), 81-94			Adult victim, adult perp
Byard, R. W., Hucker, S. J., & Hazelwood, R. R.	1993	Fatal and near-fatal autoerotic asphyxial episodes in women: Characteristic features based on a review of nine cases.	American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology	14(1), 70-3			Adult victim, adult perp
Byers, S. E.	1996	How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research	Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality	8(1-2), 7-25			Adult victim, adult perp
Byers, S. E.	1998	Similar but different: Men’s and women’s experiences of sexual coercion	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	‘144-168	New York: The Guilford Press.	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Adult victim, adult perp
Christopher, F. S., Owens, L. A., & Stecker, H. L.	1993	An examination of single men’s and women’s sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships	Journal of Social and Personal Relationships	10 (4), 511-527			Adult victim, adult perp
Had 900+ college students fill out measures regarding use of Pressure & Manipulation strategies (includes persuasion and alcohol/drugs) and Antisocial Strategies (includes use of force, threats, ridicule, sulking and guilt), whether they wanted more/less or same amount of sex and whether or not they were in a committed relationship. Found that committed women who either wanted more sex than their partner did, or less sex than their partner did were more likely to use Antisocial strategies than women who were not in committed relationships. The authors theorized that women in committed relationships believed that this gave them license to engage in socially unacceptable behaviors. The number of past coital partners was also related to women’s use of Pressure and Antisocial strategies.
Christopher,F.S., Owens,L.A.,& Stecker, H.L.	1993	An examination of single men's and women's sexual aggressiveness in dating relationships	Journal of Social and Perosnal Relationships	10 (4) 511-527			Adult victim, adult perp
.  Had 900+ college students fill out measures regarding use of Pressure & Manipulation strategies (includes persuasion and alcohol/drugs) and Antisocial Strategies (includes use of force, threats, ridicule, sulking and guilt), whether they wanted more/less or same amount of sex and whether or not they were in a committed relationship. Found that committed women who either wanted more sex than their partner did, or less sex than their partner did were more likely to use Antisocial strategies than women who were not in committed relationships.  The authors theorized that women in committed relationships believed that this gave them license to engage in socially unacceptable behaviors.  The number of past coital partners was also related to women's use of Pressure and Antisocial strategies.
Clark, R., & Hatfield, E.	1989	Gender Differences in Receptivity to Sexual Offers	Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality	1(2), 39-55			Adult victim, adult perp
(complete text in a .pdf file at link)
Clements-Schreiber, M. E., & Rempel, J. K.	1995	Women’s Acceptance of Stereotypes about Male Sexuality: Correlations with Strategies to Influence Reluctant Partners.	Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality	4 (4)			Adult victim, adult perp
Clements-Schreiber, M., Rempel, J., & Desmarais, S.	1998	Women's sexual pressure tactics and adherence to related attitudes: A step toward prediction [90]	Journal of Sex Research	35(2), 197-205			Adult victim, adult perp
Cochran, C. C., Frazier, P. A., & Olson, A. M.	1996	Predictors of responses to unwanted sexual attention	Psychology of Women Quarterly	21(2), 207-226			Adult victim, adult perp
N=4,011 male/female university students and faculty, surveyed regarding unwanted sexual attention. 3% of women were harassed by other women, 56% of men were harassed by women.
Cohen,D.K.	2013	Female combatants and the perptration of violence: Wartime rape in the Sierra Leone civil war	World Politics	65(03), 383-415			Adult victim, adult perp
Craig S. M.	1998	When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies		New York, NY: The Guilford Press	In P. B. Anderson, & C. J. Struckman-Johnson	Adult victim, adult perp
Curry, Theodore R., Gang Lee, and S. Fernando Rodriguez.	2004	Does victim gender increase sentence severity? Further explorations of gender dynamics and sentencing outcomes.	Crime & Delinquency	50, no. 3 (2004): 319-343			Adult victim, adult perp
Data from Texas 1991 for assault, robbery, homicide in 7 large metro areas: female victims result in substantially longer sentences than male victims. 10% of the perpetrators were female, 3% of the cases involved female perp/female victim, 6% involved female perp/male victim.
D'Abreu, L.C.F., & Krahe,B.	2015	Vulnerability  to Sexual Victimization in Female and Male College Students in Brazil: Cross Sectional and Prospective Evidence	Archives of sexual behavior	pages 01-15			Adult victim, adult perp
N=573 male/female heterosexual Brazilian college students. Defined sexual aggression as behavior done with intent/result of making other person engage in sex despite his/her unwillingness. Also did prospective analysis with subsample N=250, 6 months later.  30.8% of males reported at least one experience of sexual victimization since the age of 14 and 13.8% experienced sexual victimization in the preceding 6 month periods (10% were not first-time victims); majority of perps (74%) were women. 6.8% of men reported having been victim of completed rape during lifetime and 2.8% within last 6 months.  2.8% of men had experienced attempted rape in last 6 months.  17.5% of men had experienced some form of unwanted sexual experience since age 14 yrs
Davies,Michelle, Paul Pollard, and John Archer	2001	The influence of victim gender and sexual orientation on judgments of the victim in a depcited stranger rape	Violence and Victims 16	(6), 607-619			Adult victim, adult perp
.  Used vignettes of sexual assault, changed the victim's gender and sexual orientation. Men judged gay male victims more negatively than females, but also blamed the heterosexual male victims of sexual assaults by women more.  Male respondents seemed to make assumption that a male victim should/could fight or escape a male attacker, should acquiesce to a female attacker; gender related attribution bias.
Duncan, D. F.	1990	Prevalence of sexual assault victimization among heterosexual and gay/lesbian university students	Psychological Reports	66, 65-66			Adult victim, adult perp
Fiebert, M. S., & Tucci, M.	1998	Sexual coercion: Men victimized by women	Journal of Men's Studies	6(2), 127-133			Adult victim, adult perp
12-item inventory designed to assess mild, moderate, and severe forms of sexual coercion was administered to an ethnically diverse sample of 182 college men at California State University, Long Beach. Results reveal that 70% of subjects reported experiencing some form of sexual coercion within the past five years. Mild and moderate forms of sexual coercion were most commonly experienced. Younger men were somewhat more likely than older men to report being sexually coerced. An ethnic difference in response was found on one item.
Flinck, A., & Paavilainen, E.	2010	Women's Experiences of Their Violent Behavior in an Intimate Partner Relationship	Qualitative Health Research	20(3), 306-318			Adult victim, adult perp
Flowers, R. B.	1995	Female Crime, Criminals, and Cellmates: An Exploration of Female Criminality and Delinquency			Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.		Adult victim, adult perp
Pages 96-100 on Mother-child incest (estimates 2% of all incest) then focuses on mothers who tolerate sexual victimization of the child by others.
Fromuth, M. E., & Conn, V. E.	1997	Hidden perpetrators; Sexual molestation in a non-clinical sample of college women	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	12(3), 456-465			Adult victim, adult perp
N=546 female college students, 22 committed 1 or more acts of child sexual abuse, mostly before age of 14, mostly with only 1 victim, 2 used force (9%), 4 used bribes (18%; grooming), none were reported to police. 4 of the women admitted to having fantasized about children (18% deviant sexual arousal). Average victim age was 7 years, many victims were related (siblings, cousins). 86% did not view their behavior as abusive, 66% did not think their behavior had a negative effect on the victim.
Gamez-Guadix, M., & Straus, M.	2009	Childhood and adolescent victimization and sexual coercion and assault by male and female university students. ID91 - PR91- Victimization Sexual Coercion - Gamez S.pdf	Family Research Laboratory		University of New Hampshire, Dunham, NH 03824		Adult victim, adult perp
N= 13,877 students at 68 universities in 32 nations. 19/6% of females self reported using verbal coercion tactics for sex.
Girshick, L. B.	2002	Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape?			Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.		Adult victim, adult perp
Hensley, C., Castle, T., & Tewksbury, R.	2003	Inmate-to-Inmate Sexual Coercion in a Prison for Women	Journal of Offender Rehabilitation	37(2), 77-87			Adult victim, adult perp
Limited academic research exists addressing the issue of sexual coercion in correctional facilities, especially female correctional facilities. However, the study of sexual coercion and consensual same-sex research within correctional facilities is seen as very important. This study focused specifically on inmate-to-inmate female sexual coercion. The study, conducted in March 2000, consisted of all inmates housed in a southern correctional facility for women. Out of the 243 female inmates surveyed, 11 inmates, or 4.5 percent, reported incidents of sexual coercion. The results show that the rates of sexual coercion were relatively low for this women’s correctional facility. However, within the limited amount of research on sexual coercion in female correctional facilities, it is difficult to determine the exact rates of assault in female prisons
Hidalgo,Myra L.	2007	Sexual Abuse and the Culture of Catholicism: How Priests and Nuns Become Perpetrators			Routledge 2007		Adult victim, adult perp
Higgins C.,, & Ireland, C.	2009	Attitudes towards male and female sex offenders: A comparision of forensic staff, prison officers and the general public in Northern Ireland	The British Journal of Forensic Practice	11(1), 14-19			Adult victim, adult perp
Hines, D. A.	2007	Predictors of sexual coercion against women and men: A multilevel, multinational study of university students.[222]	Archives of Sexual Behavior	36(3), 403-422			Adult victim, adult perp
Several explanations have been forwarded to account for sexual coercion in romantic relationships. Feminist theory states that sexual coercion is the result of male dominance over women and the need to maintain that dominance; however, studies showing that women sexually coerce men point towards weakness in that theory. Other researchers have found that Gender Hostility is associated with sexual victimization, as is a history of childhood abuse. Study had 7,667 university students from 38 international sites. Used Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, Personal and Relationships Profile, took abuse history, etc. Included Status of Women in each area based upon composite score of women’s representation in government, education and workforce. All Heterosexual. When people are socialized to view relationships as deceptive, manipulative and exploitative, and when the normative view is that relationships are a means of gaining power, rather than of sharing love and tenderness, they are more likely to verbally or forcefully coerce sex from their partners. Found that 3% of men reported a history of being forced to have sex by female partner, 22% experienced verbal coercion. 2.4% of the forced group had oral/anal sex, 2.1% reported forced vaginal sex. For the coercion group, 13.5% reported that partner refused condom use, 11.7% insisted on vaginal sex, 7.5% insisted on oral/anal sex and 1.9% threatened them to have vaginal sex. For each 1 point increase in the status of women index (5 point scale), the odds of men reported forced sexual coercion increased by 25%. For each 1 point increase on the Gender Hostility to Men scale, the odds of forced sexual coercion increased by 38%. Worst sites: Louisiana, USA, Sao Paulo Brazil, Freisburg, Germany.
Hines, D. A., & Saudino, K. J.	2003	Gender differences in psychological, physical, and sexual aggression among college students using the revised conflict tactics scales.	Violence and Victims	18(2), 197-217			Adult victim, adult perp
In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration.
Hird, M.J., & Jackson,S.	2001	Where 'angels' and 'wusses' fear to tread: Sexual coercion in adolescent dating relationships.	Journey of Sociology	37(1), 27-43			Adult victim, adult perp
Hogben, M., Byrne, D. &, M. E.	1996	Coercive Heterosexual Sexuality in Dating Relationships of College Students -- Implications of Differential Male-Female Experiences.	Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality	8(1), 69-78			Adult victim, adult perp
Hogben,M., Byrne,D., & M.E.	1996	Coercive Heterosexual Sexuality in Dating Relationships of College Students--Implications of Different Male-Female Experiences	Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality	8(1), 69-78			Adult victim, adult perp
Hogben,M., Waterman, C.K.	2000	Patterns of conflict resolution within relationships and coercive sexual behavior of men and women	Sex Roles	43(5-6), 341-357			Adult victim, adult perp
Found that college-aged males and females used the same amount of physical violence in trying to procure non-consensual sex.
Hull, L. A., & Panesis, S. K.	1984	Women Who Rape	Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court				Adult victim, adult perp
Impett, E. A., & Peplau, L. A.	2003	Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives	Journal of Sex Research	40(1), 87-100.			Adult victim, adult perp
Johnson, K., Scott, J., Rughita, B., Kisielewski, M., Asher, J., Ong, R., & Lawry, L.	2010	Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association		304(5), 553-562			Adult victim, adult perp
N=998 households, with 39.7% of women reporting sexual victimization and 41.1% of the perps in those cases were women. 26.6% of men reported sexual victimization and 10% of the perps were women.
Kernsmith, P. D. & Kernsmith, R. M.	2009	Female Pornography Use and Sexual Coercion Perpetration	Deviant Behavior	30(7), 589-610			Adult victim, adult perp
Kierski, Werner	2002	Female violence: can we therapists face up to it?	Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal	13 (10) 32-35 2002			Adult victim, adult perp
Kirsta, A.	1994	Deadlier Than The Male: Violence and Aggression in Women			New York: Harper Collins		Adult victim, adult perp
Krahe, B & Anja Berger	2013	Men and women as perpetrators and victims of sexual aggression in heterosexual and same-sex encounters: A study of first-year college students in Germany	Aggressive Behavior	39 (5) 391–404 2013			Adult victim, adult perp
This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a large convenience sample of N = 2,149 first-year college students from different universities in Germany. Participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14. Both same-sex and heterosexual victim–perpetrator constellations were examined. Prevalence rates were established for different victim–perpetrator relationships (partners, acquaintances, strangers) and for incidents involving alcohol consumption by one or both partners. The overall perpetration rate was 13.2%, for men and 7.6% for women. The overall victimization rate was 35.9% for women and 19.4% for men. A disparity between victimization and perpetration reports was found for both men and women. Perpetration and victimization rates were highest among participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. Sexual aggression and victimization rates were higher between current or former partners and acquaintances than between strangers. Alcohol consumption by one or both partners was involved in almost 75% of all victimization and almost 70% of all perpetration incidents.
Krahé, B., Scheinberger-Olwig, R., & Bieneck, S.	2003	Men's Reports of Nonconsensual Sexual Interactions with Women: Prevalence and Impact.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	32(2), 165-175			Adult victim, adult perp
Krahe, B., Scheinberger-Olwig, R., & Kolpin, S.	2000	Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	42(5-6), 313-337			Adult victim, adult perp
Krahe, B., Waizenhofer, E., Moller, I.	2003	Women’s sexual aggression against men: Prevalence and predictors.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	49(5-6), 219-232			Adult victim, adult perp
Larimer, M., Lydum, A., Anderson, B., & Turner, A.	1999	Male and female recipients of unwanted sexual contact in a college student sample: Prevalence rates, alcohol use, and depression symptoms.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	40, 295-308			Adult victim, adult perp
Overall, 34 men (20.7%) reported being the recipients of one or more of the five types of unwanted sexual contact on the SES, whereas 7 women (5.3%) reported instigating one or more of these types of unwanted sexual contact. Gender differences in overall preferences were not statistically significant.
Laury, G. V.	1992	When women sexually abuse male psychiatric patients under their care.	Journal of Sex Education and Therapy	18 (1), 11-16			Adult victim, adult perp
Lev, A. I., & Lev, S.	1999	Sexual assault in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered communities.	A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions	35-61	Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen	J. C. McClennen & J. Gunther	Adult victim, adult perp
Lottes, I. L.	1991	The relationship between non-traditional gender roles and sexual coercion.	Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality	4(4), 89-109			Adult victim, adult perp
Lottes, I. L., & Weinberg, M. S.	1997	Sexual coercion among university students: A comparison of the United States and Sweden.	The Journal of Sex Research	34(1), 67-76			Adult victim, adult perp
Margolin, L.	1990	Gender and the stolen kiss: The social support of male and female to violate a partner's sexual consent in a non-coercive situation.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	19(3), 281-291			Adult victim, adult perp
McCarthy, D.	1981	Women Who Rape	Unpublished manuscript				Adult victim, adult perp
McConaghy, N., & Zamir, R.	1995	Heterosexual and homosexual coercion, sexual orientation and sexual roles in medical students.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	24(5), 489-502			Adult victim, adult perp
Ménard, K. S., Hall, G. C. N., Phung, A. H., Ghebrial, M. F. E., & Martin, L.	2003	Gender Differences in Sexual Harassment and Coercion in College Students Developmental, Individual, and Situational Determinants	Journal of Interpersonal Violence,	18(10), 1222-1239			Adult victim, adult perp
N=278 female , 148 male college students, mostly Caucasian and heterosexual. Gave them measures on histories of child sexual abuse, adult sexual victimization, personality (Love and Dominance factors), Adversarial Heterosexual beliefs, non-sexual aggression, alcohol expectancies, sexual harassment and sexual coercion. 16% of women agreed to sexual coercion items, 7.69% agreed to sexual harassment items. There was no difference between males/females in childhood sexual abuse histories. For males, childhood sexual abuse predicted sexually harassing behaviors (as well as adversarial hetero beliefs and alcohol expectancies) and adult sexual victimization and alcohol expectancy predicted sexually coercive behaviors (in other words, men who were sexually victimized as kids and/or as adults were more likely to engage in these forms of sexual aggression). For females, adversarial heterosexual beliefs, aggression and alcohol expectancies predicted sexual harassment and low scores on the ‘love’ dimension (which indicates a hostile interpersonal style) predicted sexually coercive behaviors. In other words, women who held adversarial beliefs about relationships, had a hostile interpersonal style and were aggressive were more likely to engage in these forms of sexual aggression.
Muehlenhard, C. L.	1998	The importance and danger of studying sexually aggressive women	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	19-48	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Adult victim, adult perp
Muehlenhard, C.L., & Cook, S.W.	1988	Men’s self-reports of unwanted sexual activity	Journal of Sex Research	24, 58-72			Adult victim, adult perp
Murphy, J. E.	1988	Date abuse and forced intercourse among college students	Family abuse and its consequences: New directions in research	285-296	Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.	G. T. Hotaling, D. Finkelhor, & J. T. Kirkpatrick	Adult victim, adult perp
Muskens, Maarten, Stefan Bogaerts, Marjolijn van Casteren, and Sybille Labrijn	2011	Adult female sexual offending: A comparison between co-offenders and solo offenders in a Dutch sample	Journal of Sexual Aggression	17, no. 1 (2011): 46-60			Adult victim, adult perp
60 adult female sexual offenders referred for an inpatient or outpatient psychiatric and/or psychological evaluation between January 1999 and December 2008. Mixed adult (38) & juvenile (21) offenders, mixed rape (15), statutory rape (13) , procurement (1), incitement to prostitution (1) and child porn possession (5) all in one study. 3 of the women had 2+ male accomplices, 6 had a female/male accomplices. All cases appear to involve either the perp’s own children or children living in their home (no teacher cases). Almost half of the female sexual offenders in this study received either a suspended sentence or probation. There was no difference between co-offending women and solo offending women in terms of average number of victims, victimizing pre-pubescent children, victimizing male or female children, previous conviction history or number of DSM IV personality disorders (although the Solo offenders were only diagnosed with BPD, while the co-offenders were diagnosed with BPD, APD, Avoidance and Dependent personality disorders). The Solo offenders were more likely to have unrelated victims (58.3%) compared to co-offenders ((27.1) and no solo offender had both female and male victims although 10.9% of the co-offending women had victims of both sexes. Follow up time ranged from 3 months to 11 years, with an average of 5.75 years. There were no cases of sexual recidivism in either population during follow up but there were cases of violent recidivism (1.9%) and general recidivism (7.7%). The recidivists were more likely to have had unrelated victims in their index offense (50%), more likely to have a history of violent convictism (25%) and more likely to have a history of any conviction (75%) compared to non-recidivists (31.3%; 4.2% and 29.2%). Although the recidivists did not go on to commit and observed sexual offense during the follow up time, they were more likely to have a diagnosed paraphilia (25%) than the non-recidivists (4.2%). The Solo offenders were 13 times more likely to commit a new non-sexual crime than were co-offenders but the risk factors are yet unclear.
O'Sullivan, L. F. & Byers, E.	1993	Eroding stereotypes: College women's attempts to influence reluctant male sexual partners	Journal of Sex Research	30(3), 270-282			Adult victim, adult perp
O'Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., Finkelman, L.	1998	A comparison of male and female college student's experiences of sexual coercion	Psychology of Women Quarterly	22(2), 177-195			Adult victim, adult perp
Oswald, D., & Russell, B.	2006	Perceptions of sexual coercion in heterosexual dating relationships: The role of aggressor gender and tactics	Journal of Sex Research	43(1), 87-95			Adult victim, adult perp
Men who coerce are viewed as aggressive; women who coerce are viewed as promiscuous
Palmer, R. S., McMahon, T. J., Rounsaville, B. J., & Ball, S. A.	2010	Coercive Sexual Experiences, Protective Behavioral Strategies, Alcohol Expectancies and Consumption Among Male and Female College Students	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	25(9), 1563-1578			Adult victim, adult perp
Poitras, M., & Lavoie, F.	1995	A study of the prevalence of sexual coercion in adolescent heterosexual dating relationships in a Quebec sample	Victims and Violence	10(4), 299-313			Adult victim, adult perp
Russell, B. L., & Oswald, D. L.	2001	Strategies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: An exploratory investigation.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	45(1-2), 103-115			Adult victim, adult perp
Results found 18% of women to report engaging in sexually coercive behaviors. Coercive women exhibited higher tolerance of sexual harassment, and were significantly higher in femininity than non-coercive women. Coercive women were also found to embrace a ludic (manipulative, game-playing approach toward love) love-style significantly more than non-coercive women, while pragma (a logical approach toward love) was negatively associated with coercion. Lastly, a significant difference was found between coercive and non-coercive women and self-reported victimization. Eighty-one percent of women who reported using coercive strategies in their relationships also reported having been sexually victimized.
Sandberg, G., Jackson, T. L., & Petretic-Jackson, P.	1987	College Students' Attitudes Regarding Sexual Coercion and Aggression: Developing Educational and Preventive Strategies.	Journal of College Student Personnel	28(4), 302-311			Adult victim, adult perp
Sarrel, P. M. & Masters, W.H.	1982	Sexual molestation of men by women	Archives of Sexual Behavior	11(2), 117-131			Adult victim, adult perp
N=11 cases. Noted 4 cases forced assault by adult female of adult male, 2 involving use of weapon.
Schatzel-Murphy, E. A., Harris, D. A., Knight, R. A., & Milburn, M. A.	2009	Sexual Coercion in Men and Women: Similar Behaviors, Different Predictors	Archives of Sexual Behavior	38(6), 974-986			Adult victim, adult perp
Looked at 4 variables found in models of male sexual coercion to see if they predicted self-reported sexual coercion in women (prior sexual abuse, sexual dominance, sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity). N=186 college men/women. The Key predictor of sexual coercion among women was sexual compulsivity (not being able to stop myself from having sex even when I wanted to). Author felt that women engage in coerce sexual behavior to ‘achieve some level of interpersonal connection while feeling out of control”. Noted that when women pursue sexual contact with an unwilling partner, they follow a seduction script which contains a more gender-congruent seducer by using less physically aggressive tactics. Noted that Seduction (sexual arousal) tactics (persistent touching and kissing) which are intended to change a person’s mind about having sex after the person has already refused sexual contact, are exploitative. Other coercive behaviors include Manipulative tactics (insulting, making person feel guilty or jealous, threatening to end the relationship), Intoxication tactics (either exploiting person’s incapacitated state to intending on taking advantage of that state by providing the intoxicants, Physical tactics (grabbing person, harming person). Male models of sexual coercion involve hostile masculinity (insecure, defensive and hypersensitive orientation as well as feeling gratified by dominating women) plus sociosexuality (desire for anonymous sex). N=93 college males/93 females ages 18-25 years, filled out Multidimensional Assessment of Sex & Aggression. No significant difference between females and males on use of manipulative, intoxication or force tactics, or on sexual compulsivity or sexual dominance. 33% of men reported prior sexual abuse experiences. Statistical regression revealed a consistent pattern of results across the 4 types of coercion tactics for women, accounting for a significant amount of variance, with sexual compulsivity consistently the strong predictor then prior sexual abuse (but compulsivity only accounted for 20% of the variance). Author theorizes that women’s sexual coercion is driven by feelings of compulsivity, a lack of control when trying to establish an intimate connection to a male who is rejecting her, resulting in coercion in an attempt to salvage her sexual power.
Shea, M.	1998	When the tables are turned: Verbal sexual coercion among college women	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	94-104	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Adult victim, adult perp
women were aroused by the idea of dominating a man in a hypothetical rape scenario.
Shelden, V.E. & Shelden, R.G.	1989	Sexual abuse of males by females: the problem, treatment modality, and case example	Family Therapy	16(3), 249−58			Adult victim, adult perp
Sigelman, C. K., Berry, C. J., & Wiles, K. A.	1984	Violence in college students’ dating relationships	Journal of Applied Social Psychology	14(6), 530-548			Adult victim, adult perp
Sikweyiya, Yandisa & Rachel Jewkes	2009	Force and temptation: South African men’s accounts of coercion into sex by men and women	Culture, Health and Sex	2009 11 (5) 529-541			Adult victim, adult perp
N-31, heterosexual, ages 18-25. In original sample of 1,371,3.4% disclosed being forced by a male, 9.7% being forced by a woman. Appeared more angry at the sexual coercion by males than by females, framed the coercion by females as ‘temptation’
Sloan, L., & Edmond, T.	1996	Shifting the focus: Recognizing the needs of lesbian and gay survivors of sexual violence.	Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services	5 (4), 33-52			Adult victim, adult perp
Smith, Brenda, V.	2012	Uncomfortable Places, Close Spaces: Female Correctional Workers’ Sexual Interactions With Men and Boys in Custody	59 UCLA L. Rev	1690 2012			Adult victim, adult perp
Stets, J. E., & Pirog-Good, M. A.	1989	Patterns of physical and sexual abuse for men and women in dating relationships: A descriptive analysis	Journal of Family Violence	4 (1), 63-76			Adult victim, adult perp
Stock, W.	1998	Women’s sexual coercion of men: A feminist analysis	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	169-184	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Adult victim, adult perp
Strause, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B.	1996	The revised conflict tactics scales: Development and preliminary psychometric data.	Journal of Family Issues	17(3), 283-316			Adult victim, adult perp
Struckman-Johnson, C.	1988	Forced sex on dates: It happens to men, too.	Journal of Sex Research	24, 234-241			Adult victim, adult perp
Struckman-Johnson, C.	1991	Male victims of acquaintance rape	Acquaintance Rape: The Hidden Crime	192-214	New York: John Wiley & Sons	A. L. Parrot, & L. Bechhofer	Adult victim, adult perp
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Anderson, P. B.	1998	“Men do and women don’t”: Difficulties in researching sexually aggressive women	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	‘9-18	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Adult victim, adult perp
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D.	2002	Sexual coercion reported by women in three Midwestern prisons	Journal of Sex Research	39(3), 217-227			Adult victim, adult perp
Struckman-Johnson, C., Struckman-Johnson, D., & Anderson, P. B.	2003	Tactics of sexual coercion: When men and women won’t take no for an answer.	Journal of Sex Research	40(1), 76-86			Adult victim, adult perp
We investigated women's and men's reports of experiencing and using tactics of postrefusal sexual persistence, defined as persistent attempts to have sexual contact with someone who has already refused. Participants were 275 men and 381 women at Midwestern and Southern universities. More women (78%) than men (58%) reported having been subjected to such tactics since age 16; this difference was significant for the categories of sexual arousal, emotional manipulation and lies, and intoxication, and for two tactics within the physical force category (physical restraint and threats of harm). More men (40%) than women (26%) reported having used such tactics; this difference was significant for the sexual arousal, emotional manipulation and lies, and intoxication categories. We present participants’ written descriptions of their experiences
Struckman-Johnson, C., Struckman-Johnson, D., Rucker, L., & Bumby, K.	1996	Sexual coercion reported by men and women in prison	The Journal of Sex Research	33(1), 67-76			Adult victim, adult perp
Teichner, L. A.	2008	Unusual Suspects: Recognizing and Responding to Female Staff Perpetrators of Sexual Misconduct in U.S. Prisons. [456]	Michigan Journal of Gender & Law	14, 259-297 2007			Adult victim, adult perp
Trepal, H.	2010	Men can‘t be raped: The challenge of sexism in counseling	Explorations in diversity: Examining privilege and oppression in a multicultural society, 2nd ed	101-106	Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole	S.Anderson, & V. Middleton	Adult victim, adult perp
Wolosik,A., Y Majewska,E.	2011	Napastowanie seksualne wsrod nastolatkow	Niebieksa Linia	72,, 16-18			Adult victim, adult perp
Abel, G & Wiegel, M.	2009	Visual Reaction Time	Sex Offenders: Identification, Risk Assessment, Treatment, and Legal Issues	110-113	Oxford U Press	Saleh, FM, Grudzinskas, A, Bradford, JM & Brodsky DJ	Assessment or treatment related
Discussed Chivers’ work on vaginal photoplethysmograph; can’t use to detect deviant sexual arousal in women due to female indiscriminant arousal patterns. Discussed studies that suggest Visual Reaction time is appropriate for assessment w/ female sex offenders; is a valid measure of their sexual interest.
Alaggia, R.	2005	Disclosing the trauma of child sexual abuse: A gender analysis.	Journal of Loss and Trauma	10, 453-470			Assessment or treatment related
Includes single case of female perpetrator
Alaggia, R.	2010	An Ecological Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure: Considerations for Child and Adolescent Mental Health	Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry	19(1), 32-39			Assessment or treatment related
Atkinson, J.	1995	The Assessment of Female Sex Offenders			Kingston, ON: Correctional Service of Canada		Assessment or treatment related
Barnett. S., Corder, F., & Jehu, D.	1990	Group treatment for women sex offenders against children.	Groupwork	3(2), 191-203			Assessment or treatment related
Bear, E.	1993	Inpatient Treatment for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse: A Summary of Data From 22 Programs.			Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press		Assessment or treatment related
Beech, A. R., Parrett, N., Ward, T., & Fisher, D	2009	Assessing female sexual offenders’ motivations and cognitions: an exploratory study	Psychology, Crime & Law	15, 201-216			Assessment or treatment related
N= 15 British incarcerated female sexual offenders, found they had Uncontrollability, Dangerous Males (rather than dangerous world) and Children as Sexual Being schemas.
Blanchette, K, & Taylor, K.N.	2010	A review of treatment initiatives for female sexual offenders	Female Sexual Offenders: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment	119-141			Assessment or treatment related
Brayford, Jo.,, Cowe.F. & Deering, J.	2012	Sex Offenders: Punish, Help, Change or Control?	Theory, Polic and Practice Explored		Routledge		Assessment or treatment related
Has chapter on female sexual offenders
Brinton, C.	2000	A Comparison of Sexual Arousal Patterns of Female Sex Offenders and Non-offenders.	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality.		Assessment or treatment related
Butte, Michelle	2009	The knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals in their practice with male victims of sexual abuse	Thesis (M.S.W., Social Work)		California State University, Sacramento		Assessment or treatment related
Carpentier,M.Y,, Silovsky, J.F., & Chaffin, M	2006	Randomized trial of treatment for children with sexual behavior problmes: Ten-year follow-up	Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology	74(3), 482			Assessment or treatment related
N=77 minor age female sexual offenders.  Rsults of 2 treatment modalitites not seperated by sex of offending child.  CBT had less recidivism (any arrest) than Play Therapy.
Chow, Eva W.C., & Choy, Alberto L.	2002	Clinical characteristics and treatment response to SSRI in a female pedophile.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	31(2), 211-215			Assessment or treatment related
Case study
Cortoni,F.,, Sandler, J.C. % Freeman, N.J.	2014	Women Convicted of Promoting Prostitution of a Minor Are Different From Women Convicted of Traditional Sexual Offenses.  A brief Research Report	Sexual abuse: A journal of research and treatment	27(3), 324-334			Assessment or treatment related
Discussed problem in places like New York State where they enacted laws making non-sexual offenses like promoting prostitution into a sex crime; claimed the crimes are sexually motivated but seem to miss that sexual motivation is within the john, not the pimp.  Among other issues, this skews the recidivism research as the pimps have a much higher re-arrest rate. N=94 women convicted of 'sexual offenses', compared pimps to traditional FSOs.  Female pimps had more general criminal histories (robbery, theft, fraud, drugs), were more antisocial than FSOs, have different Criminogenic features.  64.8% of the traditional FSOs had deviant sexual interest, 27.3% had a related child victim.
Dawson, S.J., Bannerman, B.A., & Lalumiere M.L.	2014	Paraphilic interests: AN exmaination of sex difference in a nonclinical sample	Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment 10790631525645				Assessment or treatment related
. N=305 Canadian Males and 710 Canadian Females, mostly white, mostly students, mostly heterosexual. Gave measures of Paraphilia, intellectual ability, non-right-handedness, susceptibility to illness, sex drive, sexual compulsivity, Sociosexuality (mating effort/casual sex), impulsivity and sensation-seeking, plus 2 measures of Masculinity/Femininity (Bem sex role inventory and Lippa's gender diagnosticity) along with a social desirability measure.  Noted previous research on paraphilias largely ignored females.   Significantly greater proportion of men (compared to women) reported arousal to voyeurism, sadism, fetishism, Biastophilia (sex with non-consenting person aka rape) and urine but similar proportions of males/females reported arousal to masochism, exhibitionism, obscene phone calls, transvestism, feces and animals. Greater 'masculinity' scores on the 2 measures was positively associated with reports of greater arousal to paraphilia in women.   Sex drive seemed to be the factor explaining the interest in paraphilia as compulsive sexual interest and sociosexuality were strongly correlated with paraphilic interest in both sexes, as was impulsivity and sensation seeking.  The fact women's higher scores in areas of dominance and assertiveness significantly correlated with paraphilia suggests that Gender Roles may be a factor.
Decou,C.R. ,Cole, T.T.,Rowland,S.E., Kaplan S.P., & Lynch,S.M.	2015	An ecological process model of female sex offending: The role of victimization psychological distress, and life stressors	Sexual Abuse: a journal of resarch and treatment	27 (3) 302-323			Assessment or treatment related
Description of results of interviews with 24 incarcerated FSOs from US northwest.  All but 1 offended against a minor. Themes included poor boundaries, viewing victim as a peer who could engage in a consensual and reciprocal relationship, engaging in behavior to meet personal needs and for self-gratification,
Denov, M. S.	2003	To a Safer Place? Victims of sexual abuse by females and their disclosures to professionals	Child Abuse & Neglect	27(1), 46-61			Assessment or treatment related
Dowden, C., & Andrews, D.	1999	What works for female offenders: A meta-analytic review	Crime and Delinquency	45,4, 438-452			Assessment or treatment related
Is about female offenders generally, not sex offenders specifically, but still a useful study.
Duncan,K	2004	Healing from the Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Journey for Women			Connecticut: Praeger Publisher		Assessment or treatment related
Eisenberg, N., Owens, R. G., & Dewey, M. E.	1987	Attitudes of health professionals to child sexual abuse and incest	Child Abuse & Neglect	11(1), 109-116			Assessment or treatment related
attitudes of health professionals towards child victims of incest; 33% felt girls were more seriously affected than boys, Abuse that didn’t involve intercourse is seen as less damaging, abuse done by female was seen as less damaging.
Eldridge, H., & Saradjian, J.	2000	Replacing the function of abusive behaviors for the offender: Remaking relapse prevention in working with women who sexually abuse children	Remaking Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders: A Sourcebook	402-426	Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications	D.R. Laws, S.M. Hudson & T. Ward	Assessment or treatment related
Eldridge, H., Elliott, I. A., & Ashfield, S.	2009	Assessment of women who sexually abuse children	Sexual abuse assessments: Using and developing frameworks for practice	213-227	London: Russell House Publishing	M.C. Calder	Assessment or treatment related
Elliott, I. A., Eldridge, H. J., Ashfield, S., & Beech, A. R.	2010	Exploring Risk: Potential Static, Dynamic, Protective and Treatment Factors in the Clinical Histories of Female Sex Offenders	Journal of Family Violence	25(6), 595-602			Assessment or treatment related
N=43 F.S.O.s, found evidence of cognitive distortions related to offending including Uncontrollability, Children as Sexual, Dangerous World, Minimal Harm Caused by offending and sense of Entitlement.
Euser,E.M., van Ijzendoorn, M.H., Prinzie,P.,, &Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J.	2010	Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands.	Child Maltreatment	15(1), 5-17			Assessment or treatment related
2010 prevalence of CSA in residential/foster care; N=329 adolescents filled out self-report; 79 reported victimization while in care; 32% reported their perpetrator was female.  Also asked staff, who reported that there were 161 victims of CSA and 3% of the perps were female.  (in other words, kids weren't reporting it and they were definitely under-reporting the victimization by females)
Evert, K.	1987	When You're Ready. A Woman's Healing from Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse by Her Mother			Walnut Creek, CA: Launch Press		Assessment or treatment related
Fanetti, M., Kobayashi, I., & Mitchell, DW.	2008	The effects of gender on decisions of guilt in cases of alleged child sexual abuse.	American Journal of Forensic Psychology	26 (4) 31-40			Assessment or treatment related
Fieldman, J.P., & Crespi, T.D.	2002	Child sexual abuse: Offenders, disclosure and school-based initiatives	Adolescence	Volume 37(145), 2002, 151-160			Assessment or treatment related
Fintel, TR.	2007	Demonstrating the criterion-related validity of the Multiphasic sex inventory (adult female form): a comparison of adult female sex offenders and female non-sex offenders	Unpublished dissertation		University of Louisville		Assessment or treatment related
Ford, H., & Corton, F.	1997	Sexual Deviance in Females: Assessment & Treatment	Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment	486-507	New York: The Guilford Press	D. R. Laws & W. T. Donohue	Assessment or treatment related
Gillespie,S.M., Williams,R., Elliott,I.A., Eldridge, H.J., Ashfield,S., &Beech,A.R.	2015	Characteristics of females who sexually offend: A comparision of solo and co-offenders	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	27 284-301 doi: 10.1177/1079063214556358			Assessment or treatment related
Compared British solo FSOs to FSO's with co-offenders (N=20 each group), included contact and non-contact offenders. Assessed for presence/absence of offense supportive cognitions, presence of (self-reported) negative developmental factors, self-regulation, association with antisocial peers, offense history, sexual dis-satisfaction, abusive fantasies, intimacy and power needs, treatment readiness, etc.  Solo offenders were more likely to go to criminal court compared to Co-offenders. In terms of the ratio of contact to non-contact offenses, Solo offenders had far fewer non-contact offenses; 75% contact offenses and 15% non-contact offenses; Co-offenders had 60 % contact offenses and 40% non-contact offenses (facilitating, aiding/abetting, making and distributing child porn).  In terms of relationship with victims, Solos were more likely to have an extra-familial victim (60%:40%) while Co-offenders were more likely to have an intra-familial victim (85%:15%).   10% of FSO Co-offenders had a female partner (either single female co-offender or both a female and a male co-offender).  Not all Co-offenders were romantic partners; 5% were an acquaintance and 5% were strangers.    Found no difference between the Solo and Co-offending groups for developmental issues (self-reported histories of abuse, etc.) or for psychological dispositions (offense supportive beliefs, etc.).  Found that Solo offenders scored higher in measures of sexual dis-satisfaction, denial of current offense and other personal/ environmental factors. Also found that Solo offenders scored higher in measure of Offense Preceding factors, including abusive fantasies, greater need for intimacy, greater need for power/dominance and higher levels of planning.  Co-Offenders scored higher in measure of being involved with sexual offenders.  Also found that Solo offenders had higher scores on treatment supportive factors subscale.  The two types of offenders did not differ in terms of holding offense supportive beliefs and thoughts (children are sexual beings who aren't harmed by sex with adult, etc.).  Authors suggested that treatment of Solo FSOs should include looking at pre-offense issues like sexual dissatisfaction, denial, abusive fantasies, needs for intimacy/power, while Co-offending FSOs may need more focus on their involvement with known offenders.
Hudson, A.H.	1996	Personality assessment of female sex offenders: A cluster analysis.	Dissertation Abstracts International	56(9-B), 5212			Assessment or treatment related
Hunter, K.	1994	Helping survivors through counseling	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	37-46	New York: The Guilford Press.	M. Elliott	Assessment or treatment related
Jackson, S.	2007	Female Sex Offenders: A new challenge for the criminal justice system.	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		California State University, Long Beach		Assessment or treatment related
Kaplan, M.S., & Green, A.	1995	Incarcerated female sex offenders: A comparison of sexual histories with eleven female nonsexual offenders.	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	7, 287-300			Assessment or treatment related
focuses on perpetrators’ victimization histories; Used incarcerated sample, small sample size (11 women), reported they had PTSD, depression and personality disorders (none of which decrease their responsibility, ability to know right from wrong)
Kierski,Werner	2002	Female Violence: can we therapists face up to it?	Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal	13 (10) 32-35			Assessment or treatment related
Larson, N. R., & Maison, S. R.	1987	Psychosexual Treatment Program for Female Sex Offenders: Training Manual			St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Corrections, Minnesota Correctional Facility-Stillwater.		Assessment or treatment related
Larson, N. R., & Maison, S. R.	1995	Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting.	Acta Sexologica	1(1), 81-113			Assessment or treatment related
Lev,A.I, & Lev,S	1999	Sexual assault in the lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgendered communities.  In J.C. McClennen & J. Gunther (Eds.)	A Professional's Guide to Understanding Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence: Understanding Practice Interventions	35-61	Lewiston NY: Edwin Mellen		Assessment or treatment related
Levenson, J.S., Willis, G.M., & Prescott,D.S.	2014	Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Lives of Male Sex Offenders Implications for Trauma-Informed Care	Sexual buse: a journal of research and treatment	pages 1-20			Assessment or treatment related
Used Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale; noted abuse, neglect, plus household dysfunction such as domestic violence, family drug abuse, incarcerated or mentally ill parent.  N=679 M.S.O.'s  Non-random sample either in civil commitment or outpt sex offender treatment in U.S. Majority (2/3) index offense against a minor. 42% had history of physical abuse, 38% had history of childhood sexual abuse, higher prevalence rates than males in the general/community population.  Higher ACE scores correlated with less education, more arrests (non-sexual), use of force/violence during sex crime, injury of crime victim and contact (as opposed to non-contact) sex crimes.
Mann,R.E, Hanson, R.K., & Thornton,D	2010	Assessing risk for sexual recidivism: Some proposals on the nature of psychologicaly meaningful risk factors	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	22(2), 191-217			Assessment or treatment related
Risk assessment and treatment for sexual offenders should focus on individual characteristics associated with recidivism risk. Therefore, we need to know what factors increase recidivism and focus on those.  Need a plausible rational that the factor is the cause of the sexual offending AND need strong evidence that it also predicts sexual recidivism AND be psychologically meaningful. For something to be considered a risk factor, meaningful definations of lower/higher risk must be established and they must predict (w/some probability) and outcome.  All sexual offence risk is multiply determined; there is no single risk factor that is strongly related to recidivism. Regardomg F.S.O. this isn't being dne.  There are repeated statements to focus on victimization and trauma histories which have not been demonstrated to cause sexual offending and/or predict recidivism.
Marshall, W. L.; Geris A. Serran & Franca A. Cortoni	2000	Childhood Attachments, Sexual Abuse, and Their Relationship to Adult Coping in Child Molesters	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	2000, 12, 1, 17-26			Assessment or treatment related
(See Aspelmeier) The present study examined the parent–child attachments, typical coping styles, and childhood sexual abuse among 30 child molesters, 24 nonsexual offenders, and 29 non-offenders. The results indicated that all subjects reported greater security in their attachments to their mothers than to their fathers and the insecure patterns of childhood attachments were related to ineffective adult coping. The only difference observed in characteristic coping showed that child molesters were more likely to engage in emotion focused strategies. Child molesters reported having experienced high levels of childhood sexual abuse and these experiences appear to have been more distressing to them than to other subjects. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and treatment
Mathews, J.	1998	Working with female sexual abusers	Female Sexual Abuse of Children: The Ultimate Taboo	50-60	Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc.	M. Elliot	Assessment or treatment related
Mathis, R.	1982	Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender	Child Welfare	65, 447-458			Assessment or treatment related
Mayer,A.	1992	Women Sex Offenders: Treatment and Dynamics			Holmes Beach FL: Learning Publications, Inc		Assessment or treatment related
Typologies: female rapist, female sexual harasser, mother molester, homosexual offender or triads (females acting with accomplices).
Oliver,B.E., & Holmes,L.	2015	Female juvenile sexual offenders: Understanding who they are and possible steps that may prevent some girls from offending	Journal of child sexual abuse	24 (6), 698-715			Assessment or treatment related
Pflugradt,D. and Cortoni,F.	2014	Women Who Sexually Offend; A Case Study in Sex Offender Treatment	in Sex Offender Treatment: A Case Study Approach to Issues and Interventions eds D.T. Wilcox, T Garrett and L. Hawkins.	181-198 doi 10 1002/9781118674352 ch11	John Wiley & Sons LTD Oxford UK		Assessment or treatment related
Rosner, R., Wiederlight, M., Wieczorek, R. R.	1985	Forensic psychiatric evaluations of women accused of felonies: A three-year descriptive study	Journal of Forensic Science	30(3), 721-729			Assessment or treatment related
Schwartz,B.K., & Cellini, H.R.	1995	Female Sex Offenders	In B.K. Schwartz & H.R. Cellini (Eds), The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice	(pp 50-1-5-22)	Kinston NJ: Civic Research Press Inc		Assessment or treatment related
Staunton, C., Hammond, S., & Lambert, S.	2008	Applying knowledge of female sexual arousal to the forensic context	The Irish Journal of Psychology	29(1-2), 103-117			Assessment or treatment related
The application of psychological theory and research to understanding human sexuality is not a new phenomenon. However, the application of genital devices to the measurement of specific aspects of sexual arousal is emerging as an important area of research in the forensic domain given the recognition of the increased numbers of women who are abusing children. Although controversial, phallometric measures of sexual arousal have had considerable success with male offenders both in the assessment and treatment of deviant arousal and disorders of sexual preference. Deviant arousal patterns are now known to be predictive in re-offending and treatability but the reliance on self-report measures creates difficulties for clinicians as they are likely to be biased by response tendencies. Therefore, the challenge now facing forensic and clinical psychologists is how to assess genital arousal in women with a view to assessing deviant sexual interest. The main aim of this paper is to explore the physiology of female sexual arousal and to consider the implications of using psycho-physiological measurements with women in a forensic context.
Steen, C.	2006	Choices: A relapse prevention workbook for female offenders			Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press		Assessment or treatment related
Meh
Taylor, T.	2001	Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs	Unpublished MSc Research Paper		Menomonie, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stout		Assessment or treatment related
Taylor,T.	2001	Treating Female Sex Offenders and Standards for Education and Training in Marriage & Family Therapy Programs.	Unpublished MSc Research Paper		Menomonie,WI University of Wisconsin-Stout		Assessment or treatment related
Vandiver D., & Kercher, G	2004	Offender and victim characteristics of registered female sexual offenders in Texas: A propsed typology of female sexual offenders	Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	16, 121-137			Assessment or treatment related
N=471 registered adult female sexual offenders in Texas. Most common offenses were indecency with a child, sexual assault of a child and aggravated sexual assault of a child. Mostly white, average age 32 yrs. Came up with a series of typologies (heterosexual nurturers, non-criminal homosexual offenders, female sexual predators, young adult child exploiters, homosexual criminals and aggressive homosexual offenders).  Victim age ranged from infancy to 97 years, average age was 11.  Average age of the perp at arrest was 32 yrs.  37% of the victims were related and 7% were strangers.  146 "Heterosexual Nurturers" had only male victims, average victim age was 12, was in a mentor or caretaking role.  114 were "Non-criminal homosexual offenders", mostly female victims whose average age was 13 years.  112 "female sexual predators" who were most likely to have an observed re-arrest, had a propensity towards male victims, average age 11 years. 50 "young adult child exploiters" average age 28, victim average age was 7 years old, with 50% victimizing a relative.  22 "homosexual criminals" with higher re-arrest rate, propensity for female victims whose average age was 11 years and the crimes were things like compelling prostitution. 17 "aggressive homosexual offenders", most likely to victimize adults, average victim age was 31, mostly female.  Women were about 1.6% of the registered sex offenders for state of Texas in this study (out of 29,376).
Vandiver,D., Dial,Kelly C., Worley,R.	2008	A Qualitive Assessment of Registered Female Sex Offenders: Judicial Processing Experiences an Perceived Effects of a Public Registry	Criminal Justice Review	33, 177-198			Assessment or treatment related
Looked at effect of the SO registry on N=9 FSOs in 2 states, with all subjects reporting at least one negative effect of being on the registry
Vandiver,Donna & Jeremy Braithwaite	2013	An Assessment of Re-Arrest Patterns of a Cohort of 471 Registered Female Sex Offenders	Poster Session ATSA Chicago 2013				Assessment or treatment related
Discussed recidivism rates, noted that MSO recidivism rates are relatively low. Noted multiple research problems with data on FSOs (small sample size, short follow up times). Data to this point has been mixed. Cited Williams & Nicholachuk's 2001 (2.3%), Freeman & Sandler's 2008 (1.5%), Broadhurt & Loh's 2003 (0 rearrest).  Authors' study used N=471 FSOs on Texas registry, follow up time average was 14.1 years with 48% of the subjects being re-arrested at least once; 7% were re-arrested for an assault, 15% were re-arrested for a sexual offense.  Noted that in their sample of 7,385 sex offenders in 21 states in 2001, FSOs made up 3.1%
Vick,J., McRoy,R., & Matthews,B.	2002	Young female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	11(2), 1-23			Assessment or treatment related
Basic review, noted lack of data, resarch and training on topic
Wiegel M., Abel, G., & Jordan, A.	2003	The self reported behavior of adult female child abusers	paper presented at the 22nd Annual Research and Treatment Conference ATSA St. Louis, Missouri				Assessment or treatment related
Wijkman,M., Bijleveld,C  & Hendricks,J.	2010	Women Don't Do Such Things! Characterisics of Female Sex Offenders and Offender Types	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	22(2) 135-156			Assessment or treatment related
N=111 adult female sexual offenders in Netherlands all with contact offenses. 23% offended against adults & 77% offended against minors. Victim age ranged from newborn to 60 years. Women's average age at beginning of offending was 34 yrs. 37% were solo offenders, 63% were team offenders (75% of team offenders worked with male inmate partners; it remains unclear who the other 25% were partnered with). 23% had 2-5 victims. 9% abused strangers.25% of the women used physical violence.
Williams, S.M., & Nicholaichuk,T.	2001	Assessing static risk factors in adult female sex offenders under federal jurisdiction	annual confeence of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Antonia, TX				Assessment or treatment related
Williams,K.S. &Bierie,D.M	2014	An Incident-Based Comparison of Female and Male Sexual Offenders	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment				Assessment or treatment related
. Used National Incident Based Reporting System to compare all sexual assaults reported to police in 37 states, 1991-2011. Basic similarities included that victim/perp were usually acquainted, most victims weren't injured. Female perps were more likely to use an accomplice (30% of cases) but this wasn't the most common scenario. Co-offending with a male accomplice was not the dominant scenario. FSOs committed 43,018 incidents. 61.9% (26,630) were solo FSOs and 5.6% (2,402) involved groups of multiple FSOs. Only 11.8% of MSO cases involved one or more accomplices. Female perps were more likely to offend against males in 55% of cases, against females in 45% of cases.  FSOs were less likely to use alcohol during their offense.  The most common location was a residence, the most common relationship between both FSO & MSO perp/victim was acquaintance/friend.  FSOs committed offense on roads/alleys in 2% of cases, in outdoor environments in 4% of cases and in Jails in 2% of cases. Females were more likely than males to offend in a Jail, Hospital or School. Two percent of the FSO cases involved a stranger, 4% involved a boyfriend/girlfriend, 10% involved their own child, 3% involved their stepchild. 8% of victims had minor lacerations. FSOs were less likely to be arrested (16%) than were MSOs (24%). 13% - 23%  of FSO cases were rape but this seems to be related to federal definition of rape
Williams,S	1995	Female Sex Offenders: Addendum to Risk Assessment Training Manual	Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada	pp 38-46			Assessment or treatment related
Wolfe,F.A.	1985	Twelve female sexual offenders	Paper presented at "Next steps in research on the assessment and treatment of sexually aggressive persons (Paraphilias"				Assessment or treatment related
Worling,J.R. Y Curwen, T	2000	Adolesecent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implicatons for risk prediction.	Child abuse & neglect	24 (7) 965-982			Assessment or treatment related
N=9 females
	1994	Female Sexual Abuse of Children			New York: The Guilford Press	Elliott, M.	Child victim, adult perp
	2004	National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth	NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders.				Child victim, adult perp
	2005	Treating sibling abuse families.	Aggression and Violent Behavior	10, no. 5 (2005): 604-623			Child victim, adult perp
Sister-brother incest was 3rd largest group (10%), Sister-sister incest was least common (7%). 15% of the women reported being victims of Sister-sister physical assault and 10% of men reported a history of Sister-brother physical assault.
	2007	Female Sex Offenders			Center for Sex Offender Management.		Child victim, adult perp
	2009	Assessment and treatment of sex offenders: A handbook.			Wiley. com	Beech, Anthony R., Leam A. Craig, and Kevin D. Browne	Child victim, adult perp
Female perps use a reframing of their crime in a way similar to that noted by Denov 2001
	2009	More Children telling Childline about Female sex abusers	Press Release		NSPCC		Child victim, adult perp
	2009	Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-2009	Special Report		Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 228416		Child victim, adult perp
26,550 youths, 10.3% reported sexual victimization (contact) with staff, 95% of the staff perpetrators were female.
	2013	The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Legal and Ethical Aspects of Sex Offender Treatment and Management		321-338		Harrison, Karen & Bernadette Rainey	Child victim, adult perp
chapter on female sex offenders reviews the issue, the need for ‘gender responsive’ approach
Abramson, P. R., & Pinkerton, S. D.	2001	A house divided: Suspicions of mother–daughter incest.			New York: Norton		Child victim, adult perp
Adams, E. M.	1988	Sex of the Victim, Offender, and Helper: The Effects of Gender Differences on Attributions and Attitudes in Cases of Incest	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.		Child victim, adult perp
Adams, Kenneth	1991	Silently Seduced: When Parents Make their Children Partners – Understanding Covert Incest.			Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc		Child victim, adult perp
Adshead, G. Howett, M & Mason,F.	1994	Women who sexually abuse children: The undiscovered county	Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory, and practice	1(1), 45-56			Child victim, adult perp
Provides stats on female sex offenders in England/Wales and gives literature preview.
Adshead, G., Howett, M. & Mason, F.	1994	Women who sexually abuse children: The undiscovered country.	Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice	1(1), 45-56			Child victim, adult perp
provides stats on female sex offenders in England/Wales and gives literature review.
Alexander, P. C., Teti, L., & Anderson, C. L.	2000	Childhood sexual abuse history and role reversal in parenting	Child Abuse & Neglect	24(6), 829-838			Child victim, adult perp
Community sample of 90 mothers of 5-8 yr old kids. 19 mothers reported history of childhood sexual victimization. Survivors with ‘unsatisfactory intimate relationships’ were more likely to endorse items suggesting emotional overdependence upon the child. Wasn’t related to child’s gender, parenting stress or kid’s behavior.
Allen, C. M.	1990	Women as perpetrators of child sexual abuse: Recognition barriers.	The Incest Perpetrator: A Family Member No One Wants To Treat	108-125	Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.	Horton, A. L., Johnson, A. L., Roundy, B. L., & Williams, L. M.	Child victim, adult perp
Allen, C. M.	1991	Women and Men Who Sexually Abuse Children: A Comparative Analysis.			Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press		Child victim, adult perp
Allen, C. M., & Pothast, H. L.	1994	Distinguishing Characteristics of Male and Female Child Sex Abusers.	Journal of Offender Rehabilitation	21(1-2), 73-88			Child victim, adult perp
Anderson, N., & Ho-Foster, A.	2008	13,915 reasons for equity in sexual offences legislation: A national school-based survey in South Africa.	International Journal for Equity in Health	7(20), 1-6			Child victim, adult perp
Prior to 2007, forced sex with male children in South Africa did not count as rape but as "indecent assault", a much less serious offence. This study sought to document prevalence of male sexual violence among school-going youth. A facilitated self-administered questionnaire in nine of the 11 official languages in a stratified (province/ metro/ urban/r ural) last stage random national sample. Setting: Teams visited 5162 classes in 1191 schools, in October and November 2002. Participants: A total of 269,705 learners aged 10–19 years in grades 6–11. Of these, 126,696 were male. Main outcome measures: Schoolchildren answered questions about exposure in the last year to insults, beating, unwanted touching and forced sex. They indicated the sex of the perpetrator, and whether this was a family member, a fellow schoolchild, a teacher or another adult. Respondents also gave the age when they first suffered forced sex and when they first had consensual sex. Results: Some 9% (weighted value based on 13915/127097) of male respondents aged 11–19 years reported forced sex in the last year. Of those aged 18 years at the time of the survey, 44% (weighted value of 5385/11450) said they had been forced to have sex in their lives and 50% reported consensual sex. Perpetrators were most frequently an adult not from their own family, followed closely in frequency by other schoolchildren. Some 32% said the perpetrator was male, 41% said she was female and 27% said they had been forced to have sex by both male and female perpetrators. Male abuse of schoolboys was more common in rural areas while female perpetration was more an urban phenomenon. Conclusion: This study uncovers endemic sexual abuse of male children that was suspected but hitherto only poorly documented. Legal recognition of the criminality of rape of male children is a first step. The next steps include serious investment in supporting male victims of abuse, and in prevention of all childhood sexual abuse
Anderson, P. B.	1998	Women’s motives for sexual initiation and aggression	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversie	79-93	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Child victim, adult perp
Anderson, P.B.; Sergey Lebedev; Radik M. Masagutov; Jennifer Fagen	2009	The impact of ethnicity, and economic, social, and marital status on differences in the frequency of sexually aggressive behaviors among women living in Ufa, Russian Federation.	Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality	Volume 12, Feb. 3, 2009			Child victim, adult perp
The present study is the first report of women’s sexual aggression gathered from a sample of women in Ufa, Russian Federation. The research question was: do women of different ethnicities, living in the Russian Federation, who are of different economic, social, and marital status, differ in their frequency of sexually aggressive behaviors. One hundred and twenty one primarily single (69.4%), heterosexual (88.4%), middle class (73.6%) women with a mean age of 23.1 (SD = 8.3) completed the questionnaire. Differences is sexually aggressive behaviors were found between women who were married vs. single, middle vs. upper class, Russian vs. Ukrainian, and clerks vs. students. The results provide new evidence of women’s sexual aggression outside of the United States and Western Europe. Support was found for previous reports about women’s sexual aggression and new possibilities for theory building are presented. It has been argued that the most commonly studied variables used to explain women’s heterosexual aggression (e.g., past sexual abuse, stereotypical beliefs about sexuality) are not sufficient to explain the majority of the variance in this behavior and that other behavioral, cultural, and contextual variables need more scrutiny ( Anderson, Kontos, Tanigoshi, & Struckman-Johnson, 2005; Anderson & Savage, 2005)
Andersson, Neil, Sergio Paredes-Solís, Deborah Milne, Khalid Omer, Nobantu Marokoane, Ditiro Laetsang, and Anne Cockcroft.	2012	Prevalence and risk factors for forced or coerced sex among school-going youth: national cross-sectional studies in 10 southern African countries in 2003 and 2007.	BMJ	open 2, no. 2 (2012).			Child victim, adult perp
In 2007, 21.1% of male students aged 11–16 years reported they had experienced forced or coerced sex. Rates among 16-year-olds 25.4% in males. 11.7% of male students reported they had perpetrated forced sex. Experience of forced sex was strongly associated with perpetration and other risk factors for perpetration were similar to those for victimization. More boys than girls were sexually victimized from ages 11-14, relatively equal between sexes 14 & 15 yrs.
Angelica, J. C.	2002	We are not alone: A guidebook for helping professionals and parents supporting adolescent victims of sexual abuse			Routledge		Child victim, adult perp
Has a single mention of the existence of female perps.
Angelides, S	2008	Sexual Offences Against 'Children' and the question of judicial gender bias	Australian Feminist Studies	23(57), 359-373			Child victim, adult perp
Reviews Karen Ellis case
Ashbaughm, Lauren P. & Dewey G. Cornell	2008	Sexual Harassment and Bullying Behaviors in Sixth-Graders		7 (2) 2008	Journal of School Violence		Child victim, adult perp
Sexual harassment is widely viewed as a form of bullying, but has received little attention in studies of middle school students. A survey of 109 6th grade students found that 29% of students reported at least one sexual harassment experience in the past 30 days, with 11% reporting harassment once per week or more. Although boys and girls reported similar rates of harassment, there were important gender differences-boys were more likely than girls to try to ignore sexual harassment, but girls were more likely to tell someone about their experience and to tell the perpetrator to stop. There was high concordance between sexual harassment and bullying for both boys and girls. These findings indicate the need to recognize the role of sexual harassment in bullying in middle school.
Aspelmeier, Jeffery E.; Ann N. Elliott & Christopher H. Smith	2007	Childhood sexual abuse, attachment, and trauma symptoms in college females: The moderating role of attachment	Child Abuse & Neglect	31 (5) 2007, 549–566			Child victim, adult perp
Atkinson, J. L.	1996	Female sex offenders: A literature review.	Forum on Corrections Research	8(2), 39-42			Child victim, adult perp
Austin, James ; Tony Fabelo ; Angela Gunter ; Ken McGinnis	2006	Sexual Violence in the Texas Prison System					Child victim, adult perp
For females, victims and assailants in sex assault allegations are more likely to have violent criminal histories. About 1.34 sexual assaults per 100 inmates in female prison.
Avegno, Jennifer, Trevor J. Mills, and Lisa D. Mills.	2009	Sexual assault victims in the emergency department: analysis by demographic and event characteristics.	The Journal of Emergency Medicine	37, no. 3 (2009): 328-334			Child victim, adult perp
1172 pts, 6% were male
Averdijk, Margit, Katrin Müller-Johnson & Manuel Eisner	40848	Sexual victimization of children and adolescents in Switzerland	Final report for the UBS Optimus Foundation				Child victim, adult perp
victims and & 40% of male non-contact victims were offended against in their homes. none of the male victims, reported contact victimization perpetrated by a stepfather, foster father, adoptive father or partner of the victim’s mother. Does not appear to have asked about boys living with stepmothers. More males reported contact sexual victimization by stepmother than by mother, father or stepfather and more non-contact victimization by sister and mother than by stepmother. 2.7% of the non-contact sexual victimization to both males/females was done by the mother. (Non-contact = exposure to child, pornography to child, sexually harassing talk, nude photos of self)
Aylward, M. Christopher, R. & Newell, G.	2002	What about Women Who Commit Sex Offences?	Notes from ATSA conference.				Child victim, adult perp
Bachmann, K. M., & Bossi, J.	1993	Mother-son incest as a defense against psychosis.	British journal of medical psychology	66(3), 239-248			Child victim, adult perp
Bachmann, K. M., Moggi, F., & Stirnemann-Lewis, F	1994	Mother-son incest and its long-term consequences: A neglected phenomenon in psychiatric practice	Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,	182, 723-725.			Child victim, adult perp
Back, Sudie, and Hilary M. Lips.	1998	Child sexual abuse: Victim age, victim gender, and observer gender as factors contributing to attributions of responsibility.	Child Abuse & Neglect	22, no. 12 (1998): 1239-1252			Child victim, adult perp
Attribution bias, men in study showed more negative causal attribution biases towards children age 6 and pre-teens age 15.
Bader, S. M., Scalora, M. J., Casady, T. K., & Black, S.	2008	Female sexual abuse and criminal justice intervention: A comparison of child protective service and criminal justice samples	Child Abuse & Neglect,	32(1), 111-119			Child victim, adult perp
Compared female sex offenders cases either reported to CPS vs CJS using a Midwestern state's child abuse registry, law enforcement records, and sex offender registry. The CPS sample consisted of 179 women, and the criminal justice system sample consisted of 57 women. All cases were reported to the agencies between 1994 and 2004. Average victim age was 10, ranging from 1-18 yrs. The majority (74.9%) of the CPS case victims were under age 12, were mostly female (63.7%) and most were relatives of the female offender (97.8%). The majority (73.8%) of the CJS case victims were over 13 years old, were mostly male (62.7%) and were not related to the female perp (63.3%).
Bader, S. M., Welsh, R., & Scalora, M. J.	2010	Recidivism Among Female Child Molesters.	Violence and Victims	25(3), 349-362			Child victim, adult perp
Notes that forensic interviews with child victims and criminal codes are often based on behaviors of male sexual offenders and may miss behaviors by female sexual offenders including forced nudity or de-robing, bathing in front of child or bathing older child, etc. N=57 Nebraska female SOs, looked at their recidivism via legal charges and via child welfare reports. Follow up period was 1-13 years, average 5 years. 66.7% of the women were either single, divorced or widowed. 63.2% had previous non-sexual criminal charges and 17.5% had previously been reported to state Child Protective Services for abuse/neglect of child. Victim ages ranged from 5-18, average of 12.8 yrs. 5.9% of the women abused both boys/girls, 29.4% abused just girls and 64.7% abused just boys. 62% abused non-relatives, 12.3% used physical force to gain compliance, 17.5% used drugs/alcohol as part of grooming. 24.6% had a male co-perp. Recidivism: Per criminal justice records, 10 women (17.5%) were later charged with sex crime and half of those had another subsequent sex crime, By adding info obtained from CPS and police encounters, another 6 women (11% of the original 57) were found to be engaging in problematic sexual behavior with minors that was suspicious enough to come to the attention of CPS. Adding them together, they found 16 women (28.1%) had subsequent charges or at least contact with law enforcement/CPS due to their sexualized behaviors with minors. There were no difference between recidivists and non-recidivists in terms of age, number of previous violence arrests, age of 1st victim, gender of 1st victim, perp-victim relationship, presence of co-offender or use of force. But the recidivists had more property crimes in their history. While 2.4% of the non-recidivists had incest offenses as part of their index charges and none of the criminal recidivists had incest offenses, 16.7% of the CPS recidivists had incest offenses as their index charges. Although this wasn’t statistically significant, it is clinically relevant.
Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Beauchaine, T. P.	2005	Victimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings	Journal of consulting and clinical psychology	73(3), 477			Child victim, adult perp
Bang, B., Baker, P. L., Carpinteri, A., & Van Hasselt, V. B.	2014	Child Trafficking	In Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children	16-Nov	Springer International Publishing		Child victim, adult perp
Notes existence of female sexual offenders against children.
Banning, A.	1989	Mother-son incest: Confronting a prejudice	Child Abuse & Neglect	13, 563-570			Child victim, adult perp
Banyard VL, Ward, S; Cohn ES; Plante EG; Moorhead C & Walsh W	2007	Unwanted Sexual contact on campus: a comparison of women’s and men’s experiences.	Violence and Victims	22 52-70			Child victim, adult perp
current study surveyed 651 male and female undergraduate students about unwanted sexual experiences during 1 academic year. Comparison of men and women revealed expected differences in incidence rates, with women reporting higher rates of unwanted contact. Within the subsample of reported victims, however, there was gender similarity in terms of the context of unwanted sexual experiences. Analyses also revealed the negative consequences of these experiences for both men and women and low rates of disclosure regardless of gender. Across the full sample of students surveyed, there were interesting gender differences in knowledge of campus support services, with women more likely to have attended a prevention program and to have indicated greater knowledge of rape crisis services
Barry Jr, M. J., & Johnson, A. M.	1958	The incest barrier	Psychoanalytic quarterly	27(4), 485-500			Child victim, adult perp
Mentions mother-son incest.
Bartels, R. M., & Gannon, T. A.	2011	Understanding the sexual fantasies of sex offenders and their correlates	Aggression and Violent Behavior	16(6), 551-561			Child victim, adult perp
Basile, K. C., Chen, J., Black, M. C., & Saltzman, L. E.	2007	Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence victimization among U.S. adults, 2001-2003.	Violence and Victims	22(4), 437-448			Child victim, adult perp
Beatrice, J	1998	Sexual overstimulation as a cause of unstable gender identity in men: A case report.	Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association	46(3), 753-776			Child victim, adult perp
Mother would stimulate his rectum, place items in his rectum while he slept & claimed it was to prevent him from defecating in his sleep.
Beck, A., Harrison, P., and Guerion, P.	2009	Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth.					Child victim, adult perp
Becker, J. V., & Hunter, J. A.	1997	Understanding and treating child and adolescent sexual offenders.	Advances in Clinical Child Psychology	19, 177-197			Child victim, adult perp
Has 1 page on adolescent female sexual offenders
Beckett, R. C., & Fisher, D.	1994, November	Assessing victim empathy: A new measure.	13th annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Francisco.				Child victim, adult perp
Compared 80 British F.S.O.s with 80 British M.S.O.s. Found they had equally poor victim empathy and high offense-supportive distorted beliefs. The solo F.S.O.s had more deficits in these areas than the F.S.O.s who co-offended.
Beisert, Maria	2013	Agresja czy przemoc seksualna. (Womens Sexual Aggression)		2/2013 • 95-115	NAUKA		Child victim, adult perp
Benson, H.	2006	Female sex offenders and neutralization theory.	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation.		Southern Connecticut State University.		Child victim, adult perp
Berdahl, J. L., Magley, V. J., & Waldo, C. R.	1996	The sexual harassment of men?.	Psychology of Women Quarterly,	20(4), 527-547			Child victim, adult perp
Berendzen, R., & Palmer, L.	1993	Come here: A man overcomes the tragic aftermath of childhood sexual abuse.			Villard Books		Child victim, adult perp
Autobiographical account by an American university president who was sexually abused by his mother from ages 8-11 yrs
Black, K. A., & Gold, D. J.	2003	Men's and women's reactions to hypothetical sexual advances: The role of initiator socioeconomic status and level of coercion.	Sex Roles	49(3-4), 173-178			Child victim, adult perp
Boije, Gerthy	2013	Mjuk, omsorgsfull och sexualförbrytare:-En studie om kvinnor dömda för sexualbrott."(Soft, caring and sex offenders-A study of women offenders)	Dissertation				Child victim, adult perp
Bordon, T. A., & LaTerz, J. D.	1993	Mother/daughter incest and ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos.	Treating Abuse Today	3(4), 5-8.			Child victim, adult perp
Bornstein,B.H., Kaplan, D.L. & Perry, A.R.	2007	Child abuse in the eyes of the beholder. Lay perceptions of child seual and physial abuse	Child abuse & neglect	31(4) 375-391			Child victim, adult perp
N=199, read 24 vignettes of abuse of child by adult, with victim's gender, perp's gender, relationship (parent/babysitter) and type of abuse (physical/sexual) altered. Subjects rated trauma, victim believability, etc.   Sexual abuse by a babysitter was seen as less traumatic than that by a parent.  Sexual abuse was seen as less traumatic if it was by a female perp and a male victim, was seen as more severe if perpetrated by a male. The abuse was seen as less likely to re-occur if it was done by a female perp.  Victims of female perps were judged as less 'believable' than victims of male perps.
Boroughs, D. S.	2004	Female sexual abusers of children.	Journal of Children and Youth Services Review	26(5), 481-487			Child victim, adult perp
Bourke,A., Doherty, S., McBride,O., Morgan,K., McGee,H.	2013	Female Perpetrators of child sexual abuse: characteristics of the offender and victim.	Psychology, Crime & Law	pages 01-12			Child victim, adult perp
Looked at prevalence rate of sexual abuse of children by women in Ireland using nationally representative survey (N=3,120).  6% of all victims of child sexual abuse in this sample were victimized by a solo female perp (about 1.5% of Irish adult population). Female perps in this study were younger than the male perps, focused more on male victims and victims age 9-17 years, were more likely to know their victims and have been in a position of authority
Brayford, Jo.	2012	Female sexual offending: An impermissible crime	Crime Prevention & Community Safety	14, no. 3 (2012): 212-224.			Child victim, adult perp
This article explores female child sex offending and reveals a void in the theory and policy arena. It highlights the need for further thinking about violence committed by women in the private domain. The implicit denial of women's potential for sexual aggression within criminology and community safety may ultimately contribute to the under-recognition of the problem in academic, policy and practice and official sources.
Briere J. & Elliott D.M.	2003	Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. csa cpa.pdf	Child Abuse & Neglect	27, 1205-1222			Child victim, adult perp
Briggs, F., & Hawkins, R. M.	1996	A comparison of the childhood experiences of convicted male child molesters and men who were sexually abused in childhood and claimed to be non-offenders.	Child abuse & neglect	20(3), 221-233			Child victim, adult perp
Compared 84 incarcerated child molesters and 95 non-offender comparison subjects were interviewed. All of the non-offenders and 93% of the child molesters had been sexually abused in childhood. The prisoners were more socially disadvantaged as children and had received more verbal and physical abuse. The prisoners were more accepting of their abuse in the sense of not understanding or accepting that it was aberrant behavior but rather thinking that it was a commonplace, inevitable, and consequently a normal part of childhood. Liking some aspect of the initial abuse also differentiated prisoners from the non-offenders. Prisoners were abused by a larger number of people than were non-offenders. Prisoners did not use the fact of their own abuse as an excuse for their own offenses. Abuse by a female was more common in the prisoner group. The men who were least damaged by abuse were those abused by strangers in “one-off” offenses, which they recognized as wrong and from which they escaped without accepting responsibility for the adults behavior
Broussard, S. D., & Wagner, W. G.	1988	Child sexual abuse: Who is to blame?	Child Abuse & Neglect	12(4), 563-569			Child victim, adult perp
Used a vignette of child sexual abuse of a 15 yr old N-360 college students, found males subjects confused encouragement with consent, seem to assume that males of any age should always acquiesce to sex with a female despite being under the age of consent.
Broussard, S., Wagner, W. G., & Kazelskis, R.	1991	Undergraduate students' perceptions of child sexual abuse: The impact of victim sex, perpetrator sex, respondent sex, and victim response.	Journal of Family Violence	6(3), 267-278			Child victim, adult perp
Brow, M.E., Knopp, F.H., & Lackey, L.B.	1987	Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers			Orwell: Safer Society Press		Child victim, adult perp
Brown, M.E., Drucker, L.A. Hull, L.A., & Panesis, S.K.	1984	Women Who Rape			Boston: Massachusetts Trial Court, 1-10. [Cited in Mathews, Matthews, & Speltz, 1990; and Syed & Williams, 1996]		Child victim, adult perp
Buchanan, Kim S.	41153	Engendering Rape	University of Southern California Legal Studies Working Paper Serie	Working Paper 93			Child victim, adult perp
This Article highlights a systematic bias in the academic, correctional, and human rights discourse that constitutes the basis for prison rape policy reform. This discourse focuses almost exclusively on sexual abuse perpetrated by men: sexual abuse of male prisoners by fellow inmates, and sexual abuse of women prisoners by male staff. But since 2007, survey and correctional data have indicated that the main perpetrators of prison sexual abuse seem to be women. In men’s facilities, inmates report much more sexual victimization by female staff than by male inmates; in women’s facilities, inmates report much higher rates of sexual abuse by fellow inmates than by male or female staff. These findings contravene conventional gender expectations, and are barely acknowledged in contemporary prison rape discourse, leading to policy decisions that are too sanguine about the likelihood of female-perpetrated sexual victimization. The selective blindness of prison rape discourse to counter-stereotypical forms of abuse illuminates a pattern of reasoning I describe as “stereotype reconciliation,” an unintentional interpretive trend by which surprising, counter-stereotypical facts are reconciled with conventional gender expectations. The authors of prison rape discourse tend to ignore these counter-stereotypical facts or to invoke alternative stereotypes, such as heterosexist notions of romance or racialized rape tropes, in ways that tend to rationalize their neglect of counter-stereotypical forms of abuse and reconcile those abuses with conventional expectations of masculine domination and feminine submission
Bullock CM, Beckson M	2011	Male victims of sexual assault: phenomenology, psychology, physiology	Journal American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law	2011;39(2):197-205			Child victim, adult perp
Myths, stereotypes, and unfounded beliefs about male sexuality, in particular male homosexuality, are widespread in legal and medical communities, as well as among agencies providing services to sexual assault victims. These include perceptions that men in non-institutionalized settings are rarely sexually assaulted, that male victims are responsible for their assaults, that male sexual assault victims are less traumatized by the experience than their female counterparts, and that ejaculation is an indicator of a positive erotic experience. As a result of the prevalence of such beliefs, there is an underreporting of sexual assaults by male victims; a lack of appropriate services for male victims; and, effectively, no legal redress for male sexual assault victims. By comparison, male sexual assault victims have fewer resources and greater stigma than do female sexual assault victims. Many male victims, either because of physiological effects of anal rape or direct stimulation by their assailants, have an erection, ejaculate, or both during the assault. This is incorrectly understood by assailant, victim, the justice system, and the medical community as signifying consent by the victim. Studies of male sexual physiology suggest that involuntary erections or ejaculations can occur in the context of nonconsensual, receptive anal sex. Erections and ejaculations are only partially under voluntary control and are known to occur during times of extreme duress in the absence of sexual pleasure. Particularly within the criminal justice system, this misconception, in addition to other unfounded beliefs, has made the courts unwilling to provide legal remedy to male victims of sexual assault, especially when the victim experienced an erection or an ejaculation during the assault. Attorneys and forensic psychiatrists must be better informed about the physiology of these phenomena to formulate evidence-based opinions.
Bunting, L.	2007	Dealing with a Problem That Doesn't Exist?: Professional Responses to Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse.	Child Abuse Review	16(4), 252-267			Child victim, adult perp
Bureau of Justic Statistics		Special Report, Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth 2008-2009	January 2010 NCJ 228416				Child victim, adult perp
26,550 youths, 10.3% reported sexual victimization (contact) with staff, 95% of the staff perpetrators were female
Burgess A., Hartman C., McCausland M., & Powers P	1984	Response patterns in children and adolescents exploited through sex rings and pornography.	American Journal of Psychiatry	14, 656-662			Child victim, adult perp
Burgess, A. W., Hartman, C. R., & McCormack, A.	1987	Abused to abuser: Antecedents of socially deviant behaviors.	The American Journal of Psychiatry	144, 1431-1436			Child victim, adult perp
Byers, E. Sandra & Shannon A. Glenn	2012	Gender Differences in Cognitive and Affective Responses to Sexual Coercion	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	2012 27 (5) 827-845			Child victim, adult perp
The women were more upset than were the men at the time of the incident. Contrary to predictions, the men and women did not differ in the extent to which they attributed blame to themselves or the strength of their internal attributions, guilt, or shame. Both the men and women attributed more blame to the coercer than to themselves; however, the women attributed more blame to the coercer than did the men. The women reported more trauma symptoms than the men did which was related to the finding that more women than men had experienced sexual coercion involving physical force. These results are discussed in terms of the similarities and differences between men’s and women’s cognitive and affective responses to sexual coercion
Cameron, P., Coburn Jr., W., Larson, H., & Proctor, K.	1986	Child Molestation and Homosexuality	Psychological Reports	58(1), 327-337			Child victim, adult perp
Campbell, A.	1994	Men, women and aggression	New York: Basic Books.				Child victim, adult perp
Says that to many men, “female aggression remains shrouded in mystery-capricious, irrational, arbitrary”, that men’s views of aggression fail to account for women’s aggression and that women who are violent must either be mentally ill or acting like men.
Carlson, Amber	2013	Abnormal Sexual Assault Situations and Its Influence on Rape Myth Acceptance	unpublished honors thesis		University of New Hampshire		Child victim, adult perp
The crime of rape, unwanted sexual contact, is a heavily researched topic in the sociological field. The majority of research, however, has revolved around incidences of stranger rape and the typical gender combination of male offender and female victim. The updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale was created to measure the level of participants agree with the typical rape myths of: she asked for it, he didn’t mean to, it wasn’t really rape, and she lied. This research study was designed to test the influence of gender in rape situations and how this affects the acceptance of rape myths. In addition, this acceptance of rape myths was compared with the likeliness to report stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and dating rape; along with the likeliness of having a consistent definition with the official one. Four separate surveys were distributed to 312 participants. Survey A contained situations of male-on female rape, survey B had female-on-male, survey C had female-on-female, and survey D had male-on-male rapes. 176 individuals took part in this survey. Each survey was analyzed for rape myth acceptance and likeliness to report each rape scenario. The overall results revealed that the gender of the victim and offender did not impact individual’s acceptance of rape myths. Limitations of the study and future research implications are discussed. Rape myths and rape scripts conceptualize rape as occurring between a female victim and a male offender. This has lead to the stereotypical beliefs that men cannot be victims of rape and females are incapable of being offenders of rape (Clark and Stermac 2011). This, however, is not the case. There are four combinations of actors that are possible in a single perpetration of rape: the rape by a man of a woman, the rape by a woman of another woman, the rape by a woman of a man, and the rape by a man of another man. Research has focused around the prevalence of a rape by a man of woman and has been supported by rape myths secured in place by stereotypical beliefs. These stereotypical beliefs, discussed above, ascertain that men cannot be victims of rape due to their strength, women do not have the strength to force a man to have non-consensual sexual intercourse, and men always enjoy sex (Sivakumaran 2005). Given the prevalence of homophobia in society, there is a certain taboo surrounding the discussion of same-sex rape and a silence surrounding the three other types of rape. This focus on the male-female patter should not, however, discount the severity of sexual assault by males against other males, which as we shall see, are unjustifiably downplayed, or only examined in the context of prison settings. Nor should an emphasis on this pattern minimize the even rarer occurrence between sexual assaults of males by females or of females by other females. Female-on-Male Rape: This occurrence of rape has been less studied when compared to other situations of rape, possibly due to its heterosexual nature. Regardless, male victims of sexual abuse by females often face social, political, and legal double standards as a result of the male stereotypes found in our society. Similar to male-on-male victims, female-on-male victims are likely to experience sexual problems post-assault as well. However the impact in these situations can lead to greater victim blaming and questioning surrounding whether the incidence was truly a rape due to the “normality” of the gendered sexual situation (Coxell and King 2010). Based upon the heterosexual normality of sex between a man and woman, these rape occurrences have been studied less and are less understood; possibly due to the lack of reporting. It is therefore, a goal of this current research study to gain a further understanding of how society defines these occurrences and the extent to which rape myth acceptance has a role in these definitions. Female-on-Female Rape Female-on-female rape is often labeled as “lesbian rape,” although the sexual orientation of one or both persons involved may or may not actually be lesbian. Non-consensual sexual intercourse can be stimulated by forced stimulation or forced penetration through the use of sexual toys or other foreign objects. Limited research has been conducted in this area of topic. However, in 2009 Lori B. Girshick wrote a book entitled, “Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape?” In this book she discusses the extent to which our legal system is not equipped to handle same-sex assaults, partly has a result of the homophobic myths surrounding these types of assaults. Grishick (2009) also found that the lesbian community has silenced those affected by female-on-female rape in an attempt to reduce the societal homophobia and negative connotations surrounding the lesbian community. Nonetheless, similar to the other “abnormal” types of rapes, female-on-female rape is an important area to study to further understand the perceptions and definitions surrounding those situations that deviate from the traditional male-on female rape. It is important to understand how society views these rapes to decrease the prevalence of the myths and stereotypes and increase the social and legal support available to all rape victims. 2) It is hypothesized that participants will hold stronger rape myth acceptance in cases of same-sex rape (Coxell and Gordon 1999, Coxell and King 2010, and Sivakumaran 2005. means of rape myth acceptance for males vs. females in situations of female-on-male rape. Males had a higher rape myth acceptance score than females, a 44.2 when compared with a 38.9, but this relationship was not significant at the 90% confidence interval. Male were, again, hypothesized to hold a higher rape myth acceptance score in situation of female-on-female rape than females. It was found that they had higher rape myth acceptance than females however this relationship was not significant.
Carlson,B.E., Maciol,K,& Schneider,J	2006	Sibling Incest: Reports from Forty-One Survivors	Journal of child sexual ause	15(4), 19-34			Child victim, adult perp
Carson, W.	2006	Women Who Molest Children: A Study of 18 Convicted Offenders	Prosecutor	40(3), 26-41			Child victim, adult perp
Cavanagh, Sheila L.	2004	Upsetting desires in the classroom: School sex scandals and the pedagogy of the femme fatale.	Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society	9, no. 3 (2004): 315-332			Child victim, adult perp
This paper examines the female teacher sex scandal involving former Canadian teacher Annie Markson and false allegations that she indecently assaulted an underage boy student. Using feminist psychoanalytic theory I argue that the media coverage of the story had a voyeuristic quality to it that can best be understood by interpreting the role of the counter-transference in education. The news story also reveals a psychic anxiety about normative masculine identity development, heterosexual bifurcations of gender, and female teacher sexuality.
Cecil, Dawn K.	2007	Looking Beyond Caged Heat Media Images of Women in Prison	Feminist Criminology	October 2007 vol. 2 no. 4 304-326			Child victim, adult perp
Female prisoners are an invisible correctional population; thus, media images are critical in shaping people's understanding of this social issue. Although research has examined how Hollywood depicts female prisoners, it has not delved into images found in reality-based programs. This study examined documentaries, televised news magazines, and talk shows to determine how these programs portray this incarcerated population and to identify how the issue is framed. Findings indicate that although some of the critical issues facing incarcerated women are presented, these programs still highlight factors that excite viewers, including violence and sex, thereby creating a sensationalized and damaging image of women behind bars. From a total 4,712 publications, identified using keywords searches on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo (1984 to December 2011), we selected 61 papers using methodological criteria of evidence-based medicine. Our literature review studied 6,293 cases of female sex offenders in these 611 publications. Results: Our review, conducted on a large population covering 61 of the most recent acceptable evidence-based studies, enables us to confirm three already-known suppositions: (1) female sex offenders have themselves often been victims not only of sex abuse (49.1%), but perhaps more importantly, of other types of family violence and instability (55.4%); (2) 51.2% suffer from psychiatric disorders, depression and/or mental retardation; (3) they are more likely to attack their own children or other close relatives before looking for victims outside of their family unit (63.9%). However, there are other generally held beliefs that do not seem to be based on fact and should certainly be reviewed, in particular concerning the belief that female sex offenders are not dangerous: 1) alcohol and drug abuse appeared in our series as less significant (29.1%) than previously described in older research, and seemed to confirm the results found with more rigourous data and larger scope studies described in the more recent literature; 2) female sex offenders are more likely to choose male victims (60%) over female victims (40%); 13.3% of them do not have any sexual preference; 3) contrary to popular belief, more female sex offenders commit their first crime alone than with an accomplice (66.7% of them act alone); 4) violence and coercion is far from absent when a female commits a sex offense (45.8% of cases); 5) although repeat sex offenses are rare, in a large number of cases (40.3%), female sex offenders have already been charged with other criminal offenses, or have repeat offenses in non-sexual criminal acts.
Chan, H. C. O., & Frei, A.	2013	Female Sexual Homicide Offenders An Examination of an Underresearched Offender Population	Homicide Studies	17(1), 96-118			Child victim, adult perp
Using FBI’s Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data (1976-2007), 204 female sexual homicide offender cases (27 juveniles and 177 adult offenders) were examined. Female sexual murderers were more likely to target victims from the opposite gender, 75% of their victims were males, 78% were adults, 81% were in a relationship with the victim. Predominantly used firearms (compensate for strength disparity with victim).
Chan, H. C. O., Frei, A. M., & Myers, W. C.	2013	Female sexual homicide offenders: An analysis of the offender racial profiles in offending process.	Forensic Science International	233(1), 265-272.			Child victim, adult perp
Using FBI Supplemental Homicide Reports data (1976–2007), 105 White and 94 Black female SHOs were examined. Most female SHOs, regardless of race, killed victims of the opposite gender, most frequently targeted by female SHOs of both races were known victims (e.g., friends, acquaintances) who were not intimate partners or family members. Firearms were the most common weapons used by female SHOs.
Chasnoff, I. J., Burns. W. J., Schnoll, S. H., Burns, K., Chisum, G., & Kyle-Spore, L.	1986	Maternal-neonatal incest	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry	56(4), 577-580			Child victim, adult perp
Small sample size
Chibnall, John T.; Ann Wolf & Paul N. Duckro	1998	A National Survey of the Sexual Trauma Experiences of Catholic Nuns	Review of Religious Research	40 (2) 142-167 1998			Child victim, adult perp
N=1,164 nuns. Mean age 62. Nuns (3.2%) accounted for nearly 10% of the abusers (prevalence of 1.6%). Prevalence of Sexual exploitation during religious life by other females was 3.4%. The most common roles for nun perpetrators were mentor, formation director, religious superior, and teacher. Those exploited as an adult by another female were significantly less likely to ever have told another person (61%) than those who were exploited by a male (81%). Of the 1,164 nuns, there were 599 incidents of sexual abuse, exploitation or sexual harassment reported. Most common perps were lay persons, Second Most Common Perp were Nuns (29.9%), followed by clergymen (21.2%). Looking just at adult sexual exploitation and sexual harassment, Nuns accounted for 44.9% of incidents, more than clergymen or lay persons.
Chiotti, Jennifer Marie.	2009	The “illusive” female sex offender: A quantitative content analysis of media exposure.	PhD diss		Washington State University		Child victim, adult perp
For this study, mass media outlets such as television, newspaper, and magazine articles will be used to gain a convenient sampling of exposure and documentation of female sex offending since 1994. Found 819 cases of female perpetrated sex crime in the news, 109 charged with non-rape sex crime, 451 charged with rape, 69 charged with kidnapping and/or torture, 190 charged with sexual murder. 813 acted solo. Media called women Caregiver in 391 cases but 0 male cases, In Love with victim in 87 female cases but only 1 male case. Males were called Evil, Predatory, Perpetrator.
Christiansen, A. R. & Thyer, B. A.	2002	Female Sexual Offenders -- A Review of Empirical Research	Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment	6(3), 1-16			Child victim, adult perp
Christopher, F. S., Madura, M., & Weaver, L.	1998	Premarital sexual aggressors: A multivariate analysis of social, relational, and individual variables	Journal of Marriage and the Family	56-69			Child victim, adult perp
Found that adversarial gender beliefs were predictive of sexual coercion among women and hostility towards men best predicted sexual coercion among women.
Christopher, K., Lutz-Zois, C. J., & Reinhardt, A. R.	2007	Female sexual-offenders: Personality pathology as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse history and sexual abuse perpetration against others.	Child Abuse and Neglect	31, 871-883			Child victim, adult perp
Clements, Hannah, David L Dawson & Roshan das Nair	2013	Female-perpetrated sexual abuse: a review of victim and professional perspectives	Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice		Published online: 01 May 2013 1-10		Child victim, adult perp
Professional attitudes towards female-perpetrated sexual abuse (FPSA) reportedly reflect the gender-role expectations found in broader society, which cast males almost exclusively as sexual aggressors or willing sexual recipients, females as sexually non-coercive or victims and male-perpetrated sexual abuse as particularly significant or injurious. Such views, however, appear to stand in contrast to the perspectives of individuals who have experienced FPSA. This paper details a systematic review of peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative literature examining these different (professional and victim) perspectives. Although the methodological shortcomings of primary papers limit the conclusions that can be drawn, the findings suggest that victim and professional perspectives of FPSA remain discrepant; professionals generally considered FPSA as less serious, less harmful and less deserving of investigation than male-perpetrated abuse; while victims of FPSA felt their experiences influenced significantly their psychological wellbeing and abilities to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. These findings are discussed in relation to professional practice and suggestions for future research.
Cocca, C.	2004	Prosecuting Mrs. Robinson: Gender Neutral Statutory Rape Laws	Jailbait: the politics of statutory rape laws in the United States	Chapter 3, pg 63	New York, NY: State University of New York Press		Child victim, adult perp
Colson, M.H.; L. Boyer, K. Baumstarck, A.D. Loundou	2013	Female sex offenders: A challenge to certain paradigms	Sexologies				Child victim, adult perp
From a total 4,712 publications, identified using keywords searches on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo (1984 to December 2011), we selected 61 papers using methodological criteria of evidence-based medicine. Our literature review studied 6,293 cases of female sex offenders in these 611 publications. Results: Our review, conducted on a large population covering 61 of the most recent acceptable evidence-based studies, enables us to confirm three already-known suppositions: (1) female sex offenders have themselves often been victims not only of sex abuse (49.1%), but perhaps more importantly, of other types of family violence and instability (55.4%); (2) 51.2% suffer from psychiatric disorders, depression and/or mental retardation; (3) they are more likely to attack their own children or other close relatives before looking for victims outside of their family unit (63.9%). However, there are other generally held beliefs that do not seem to be based on fact and should certainly be reviewed, in particular concerning the belief that female sex offenders are not dangerous: 1) alcohol and drug abuse appeared in our series as less significant (29.1%) than previously described in older research, and seemed to confirm the results found with more rigorous data and larger scope studies described in the more recent literature; 2) female sex offenders are more likely to choose male victims (60%) over female victims (40%); 13.3% of them do not have any sexual preference; 3) contrary to popular belief, more female sex offenders commit their first crime alone than with an accomplice (66.7% of them act alone); 4) violence and coercion is far from absent when a female commits a sex offense (45.8% of cases); 5) although repeat sex offenses are rare, in a large number of cases (40.3%), female sex offenders have already been charged with other criminal offenses, or have repeat offenses in non-sexual criminal acts.
Cook, Philip W. & Tammy L. Hodo	2013	Women who sexually abuse men: the hidden side of rape, stalking, harassment and sexual assault			Praeger: Santa Barbara 2013		Child victim, adult perp
Cooper, A. J., Swaminath, S., Baxter, D., & Poulin, C.	1990	A female sex offender with multiple paraphilias: A psychologic, physiologic (laboratory sexual arousal) and endocrine case study.	Canadian Journal of Psychiatry	35(4), 334-337			Child victim, adult perp
Corrections Service of Canada	2002	Female sex offenders: A review of the literature			Ottawa, Canada		Child victim, adult perp
Cortoni, F.	2010	Female Sexual Offenders: A Special Subgroup	Managing High-Risk Sex Offenders in the Community: Risk Management, Treatment and Social Responsibility	(pp. 159-173	Portland, OR: Willan Publishing	K. Harrison	Child victim, adult perp
Cortoni, F., & Hanson, R. K.	2005	A review of the recidivism rates of adult female sexual offenders (R-169).			Ottawa: Research Branch, Correction Service of Canada		Child victim, adult perp
Craissati, J., McClurg, G., & Browne, K.	2002	Characteristics of perpetrators of child sexual abuse who have been sexually victimized as children	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	14(3), 221-235			Child victim, adult perp
19% of the participants reported child sexual abuse by a woman.
Cranford, S., & Williams, R.	1998	Critical issues in managing female offenders	Corrections Today	60(7), 130-135			Child victim, adult perp
Crawford, C.	1997	Forbidden Femininity: Child Sexual Abuse and Female Sexuality			Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co		Child victim, adult perp
Crawford, M., & Popp, D.	2003	Sexual double standards: A review and methodological critique of two decades of research	Journal of Sex Research	40(1), 13-26			Child victim, adult perp
Crockett, L. C.	2001	The deepest wound: How a journey to El Salvador led to healing from mother-daughter incest			Lincoln, NE: Writer’s Showcase		Child victim, adult perp
Dahinten, V. S.	2003	Peer Sexual Harassment in Adolescence: The Function of Gender	Le harcelement sexuel par des pairs a ladolescence: le role de lappartenance sexuelle	35(2), 56-73	CJNR (Canadian Journal of Nursing Research)		Child victim, adult perp
Darling, Andrea J and Georgios A.	2013	Antonopoulos Notes on a Scandal’: Why do Females Engage in Abuse of Trust Behaviours?	International Journal of Criminology and Sociology	2013, 2, 525-537			Child victim, adult perp
Quantitative Analysis of 10 cases of female sex offenders against kids in England. Noted that all the F.S.O.s engaged in sexual behavior with minors while in a position of trust (teachers, foster care providers, teaching assistant), all solo offenders, but only 1 was dealt with via criminal courts; remainder were ‘cautioned’. One perp had 4 male victims, the remainder had only 1 victim, perp ages ranged from 26-44 yrs. Only one perp reported a history of her own childhood sexual victimization. Majority of the perps viewed victim as ‘willing’ and not harmed. 2 of the perps threatened self-harm to victim (coercion), most had stable job histories, only legal problems were motor vehicle violations. Half of the perps were willing to leave partners to stay with child victims. Most used kid for emotional gratification and 50% had sexual gratification as a primary or secondary motivation. All engaged in victim blaming, minimizing of harm and saw the kid as capable of having an equitable relationship with the adult perp.
Davies, Michelle	2013	Effects of victim gender, age and sexuality on perceptions of sexual assaults committed by women	Perceptions of Female Offenders	93-100	Springer New York, New York		Child victim, adult perp
Excellent review of the research on the topic
Davies, Michelle and Hudson, Jenefer	2011	Judgments Toward Male and Transgendered Victims in a Depicted Stranger Rape	Journal of Homosexuality	58 (2). pp. 237-247			Child victim, adult perp
There has been an increasing amount of research interest into perceptions of male rape in recent years. However, no research has assessed how people react when a transgendered person is raped. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transgendered status and sexuality on victim blame and perceived severity in a depicted rape scenario. The sexuality of the victim was manipulated to include a heterosexual, homosexual, cross-dresser, female-to-male transsexual, and male-to-female transsexual. It was predicted that the heterosexual victims would be judged the most positively and that heterosexual male participants would make the most anti-victim judgments. One hundred thirty-three lesbian, gay male, and heterosexual members of the general population read a scenario depicting a rape and then completed a questionnaire measuring victim blame and perceived severity of the assault. Results conformed to the predictions. Results are discussed in relation to traditional gender roles and homophobia.
Davies, Michelle, and Paul Rogers	2009	Perceptions of blame and credibility toward victims of childhood sexual abuse: Differences across victim age, victim-perpetrator relationship, and respondent gender in a depicted case.	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	18, no. 1 (2009): 78-92			Child victim, adult perp
Davies, Michelle, Austen, Kerry and Rogers, Paul	2011	Sexual Preference, Gender and Blame Attributions in Adolescent Sexual Assault	Journal of Social Psychology	151 (5). 592-607			Child victim, adult perp
The study investigated the impact of victim sexual orientation, perpetrator gender, and participant gender on judgments toward a 15-year-old male victim of a depicted sexual assault. N=188, vignette of sexual assault of a 15-year-old male victim, varied sexual orientation and perp gender. All participants, regardless of gender, made more positive judgments toward the female as opposed to male perpetrator.
Davies, Michelle, Walker, Jayne, Archer, John and Pollard, Paul	2013	The scripting of male and female rape	Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research	5 (2). 68-76			Child victim, adult perp
In Press
Davin, P. A.	1993	The Best Kept Secret: A Study of Female Sex Offenders	Doctoral dissertation		Fielding Institute		Child victim, adult perp
Davis, J.	2006	Perspectives and psychosocial characteristics of female sex offenders: Implications for counseling	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		Texas Southern University		Child victim, adult perp
Deering, R., & Mellor, D.	2011	An exploratory qualitative study of the self-reported impact of female-perpetrated childhood sexual abuse	Journal of child sexual abuse	20 (1), 58-76			Child victim, adult perp
In this exploratory qualitative study, a sample of nine men and five women who reported that they had been sexually abused by women in their childhood were recruited from the general community. They completed a questionnaire that asked them to describe various aspects of their abuse experiences and the perceived consequences. For both men and women, the abuse was associated with negative outcomes across a range of functional areas in both childhood and adulthood.
Deering, Rebecca, and David Mellor	2010	What is the prevalence of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse? A review of the literature.	American Journal of Forensic Psychology	28 (3) 25-53			Child victim, adult perp
Dell, A., & Boe, R.	1998	Female young offenders in Canada	Ottawa: Research Branch		Correctional Service of Canada		Child victim, adult perp
111 Juvenile Canadian females were charged with sexual offenses in 1993 and 70 in 1997, with the prairie provinces over-represented compared to other provinces. However, only about 75% of the cases in 1993 were processed through the court systems, and only about 68% were processed there in 1997. This study did not explicate the common dispositions of the sexual crimes.
Denov, M. S.	2001	A culture of denial: Exploring professional perspectives on female sex offending.	Canadian Journal of Criminology	43(3), 303-329			Child victim, adult perp
summarized this attitude saying female sexual offending is reframed from sphere of intentional criminality to one in line with cultural views of women (mentally ill, less severe, controlled by male perpetrator).
Denov, M. S.	2003	The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators	Journal of Sex Research	40(3), 303-314			Child victim, adult perp
Denov, M. S.	2004	Perspectives on Female Sex Offending: A Culture of Denial			Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Company		Child victim, adult perp
Denov, M. S.	2004	The Long-Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse by Female Perpetrators: A Qualitative Study of Male and Female Victims	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	19 (10), 1137-1156			Child victim, adult perp
N=14 adults (7 male/7 female) survivors of childhood sexual assault by females. 6 were victimized by Mother, 2 by Grandmother, 1 by Nun, no perp was accompanied by a co-offender. Most had depression, SI, rage issues. Average age of onset was 5 years old, stopped by age 12 (onset of puberty). 64% reported experiencing penetration and/or oral sex, 71% reported experiencing fondling and/or simulated intercourse. 86% reported fear of molesting children, 4 consciously decided never to have children. 2 males and 2 females reported sexually abusing children; males were both reported, charged and convicted, neither female was.
Denov, M., & Cortoni, F.	2006	Women who sexually abuse children	Comprehensive mental health practice with sex offenders and their families	71-99	Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.	C. Hilarski & J.S. Wodarski	Child victim, adult perp
Dhaliwal, G. K., Gauzas, L., Antonowicz, D. H., & Ross, R. R.	1996	Adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse: Prevalence, sexual abuse characteristics, and long-term effects	Clinical Psychology Review	16(7), 619-639			Child victim, adult perp
Doroszewicz, Krystyna & Gordon B. Forbes	2008	Experiences With Dating Aggression and Sexual Coercion Among Polish College Students	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	2008 23 (1) 58-73			Child victim, adult perp
Dating aggression and sexual coercion were studied in Polish college women (n = 100) and men (n = 101) using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996). Rates of psychological and physical aggression, sexual coercion, and injury were compared for men and women. Rates of physical aggression, sexual coercion, and injury were compared with preliminary data from 31 universities and 16 countries from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS; Straus, 2003, 2004). Rates of psychological aggression, physical aggression, and sexual coercion were high with respective rates of 77%, 36%, and 42% for men and 89%, 48%, and 40% for women. Relative to the IDVS samples, Polish men and women had high levels of physical aggression and sexual coercion. Relative to the IDVS samples, women, but not men, had high levels of causing injury to their partner and using threats or actual physical force to obtain oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse. The possible influences of high levels of domestic violence in Polish society and rapid changes in women's roles are discussed.
Dube, S. R., et al.	2005	Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim	American Journal of Preventive Medicine	28, 430-438			Child victim, adult perp
Dunbar, T.	1993	Women Who Sexually Molest Female Children	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		Los Angeles: University of Southern California		Child victim, adult perp
Dunbar, T.	1999	Women who sexually molest female children	Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views	311-377	Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press	P. A. Davin, J. C. Hislop, & T. Dunbar	Child victim, adult perp
Duncan, K.	2004	Healing from the Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Journey for Women.			Connecticut : Praeger Publishers		Child victim, adult perp
Duncan, K.	2006	Gender Equity in the Field of Child Sexual Abuse: Does Gender Matter in Sexual Offense Treatment for Females and their Victims? Equity in Sexual Abuse - Duncan 2006.pdf			Paper presented at the ATSA 2006 Conference in Chicago, Illinois.		Child victim, adult perp
Dunkel Curtis Scott & Eugene Mathes	2012	The role of life history strategy in the correspondence between being a victim and a perpetrator of sexual coercion	Journal of Evolutionary Psychology	10 (3) 2012			Child victim, adult perp
The current investigation was undertaken to examine the possible role of life history (LH) strategy in the correspondence between being a victim of sexual coercion and being a perpetrator. Although victimhood was associated with LH strategies for males, and LH strategy was associated with perpetration for both sexes, mediation by LH strategy between victimhood and perpetrating was not supported. Support was found for life history strategy as a moderator, but only for females. Females with a fast life history strategy coupled with high levels of victimhood exhibited the highest levels of perpetration. The results were found while controlling for individual differences in age, aggression and self-control. While a correspondence between general (not sex specific) victimhood and perpetration was found, the relationship was not moderated by life history strategy. The role of LH strategy in accounting for individual difference in sexual coercion is discussed. It is speculated that greater plasticity in sexuality is a LH characteristic in females.
Durham, A.W.	2003	Young men surviving child sexual abuse. Research stories and lessons for therapeutic practice			Chichester: Wiley		Child victim, adult perp
Edelson, M. G., & Joa, D.	2010	Differences in legal outcomes for male and female children who have been sexually abused	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	22, 427-442			Child victim, adult perp
Cases involving Male victims were less likely to be accepted for prosecution, had fewer charges and shorter sentences.
Edgardh, K., & Ormstad, K.	2000	Prevalence and characteristics of sexual abuse in a national sample of Swedish seventeen-year-old boys and girls	Acta Paediatrica	88, 310–319			Child victim, adult perp
Representative samples of 2% of Sweden's 17-y-old male and female students and school non-attenders were selected in a two-step procedure. In all, 1943 students and 210 school non-attenders answered a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, distributed by school nurses. Six out of 170 questions dealt with personal experiences of child sexual abuse, i.e. age at onset, frequency of abuse and relationship to the offender. Peer abuse was excluded by the definitions used. The overall response rate was 92.2% for students and 44.2% for school dropouts. Among male and female students, 3.1% and 11.2%, respectively, acknowledged sexual abuse, 2.3% and 7.1%, respectively, when exhibitionism was excluded. Mean age at onset was 9.1 y (SD 4.3) for boys and 9.0 y (SD 3.9) for girls; 1.2% of the boys and 3.1% of the girls reported abusive oral, vaginal and/or anal intercourse. Suicide attempts or other acts of self-harm were reported by 33.3% of the male students reporting abuse and by 5.1%(p <0.001) of those who had not been abused,
Eldridge, H.	1994	Barbara’s story: A mother who sexually abused.	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	74-87	New York: The Guilford Press	M. Elliott	Child victim, adult perp
Elliot, D., & Briere, J.	1994	Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children – Disclosures and symptomology	Behavioral Sciences and the Law	12(3), 261-277			Child victim, adult perp
Elliott, Ian A., and Sherry Ashfield	2011	The use of online technology in the modus operandi of female sex offenders	Journal of Sexual Aggression	17, (1) 2011 92-104			Child victim, adult perp
In this review we examine the methods by which female sexual offenders may use communications technologies such as the internet in their offending behaviours. We outline the context of sexual abuse of children both by female perpetrators and by those using the internet. The topic is examined based on three criminogenic areas highlighted by Lambert and O'Halloran: (1) interpersonal/socialization deficits; (2) deviant sexual arousal; and (3) cognitive distortions and recognition barriers. We include elements drawn from anonymized clinical cases of female-perpetrated sexual abuse of children involving online technology. We present the argument that the characteristics of this population are likely to suggest that clinicians assessing cases of this nature may find it more useful to refer to the literature on female sexual offenders rather than that of male internet offenders.
Elliott, M.	1994	What survivors tell us – An overview	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	13-May	New York: The Guilford Press	Elliott, M.	Child victim, adult perp
Ellis, Lee	1998	Why some sexual assaults are not committed by men: A biosocial analysis	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	105-118		P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman- Johnson	Child victim, adult perp
Erickson, C.L., & Olson, S.K.	2015	Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse With a Special Focus on Female Offenders	Doctoral dissertation				Child victim, adult perp
Used data collected at a Midwestern US child resource center in 1992. N=104 cases and 8.9% of the perps were female
Erooga, M.	2009	Towards safer organisations: adults who pose a risk to children in the workplace and implications for recruitment and selection			London: SPCC		Child victim, adult perp
Esnard, Catherine, and Rafaele Dumas	2012	Perceptions of male victim blame in a child sexual abuse case: effects of gender, age and need for closure	Psychology, Crime & Law	ahead-of-print (2012): 1-28			Child victim, adult perp
384 French respondents read through a sexual abuse scenario in which the child victim's gender, perpetrator's gender and victim's age (7 vs. 12 years old) were manipulated. As expected, male respondents blamed the victim more than female respondents did, especially when the victim was a boy. Furthermore, male respondents blamed the perpetrator less than female respondents did, especially when the perpetrator was a woman and the victim a boy. However, these effects were observed for victims of both 7 and 12 years old while it was expected only for the 12-year-old victims.
Fair, Cynthia D. & Jennifer Vanyur	2011	Sexual Coercion, Verbal Aggression, and Condom Use Consistency Among College Students	Journal of American College Health	59 (4) 2011 273-280			Child victim, adult perp
17% of the college women reported engaging in sexual coercion with male partners. 35.5% of the college males reported experiencing sexual coercion from their female partners. There
Faller, K.	1995	A clinical sample of women who have sexually abused children	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	4(3), 13-30			Child victim, adult perp
used a clinical sample 72 female sex offenders so they had a high level of impairment: 32% had some type of mental illness. 75% of the victims were related to the perp.
Faller, K. C.	1987	Women who sexually abuse children	Violence & Victims	2(4), 263-276			Child victim, adult perp
Used a clinical sample of 40 female sex offenders so they had a high level of impairment: 18% had “psychotic features”, 33% were mentally retarded or had brain damage. Average victim age was <12 yrs. (women made up 14% of the sex offenders from sample from child abuse treatment center in Michigan) 90% of the victims were related to the perp.
Faller, K. C.	1988	The spectrum of sexual abuse in daycare: An exploratory study	Journal of Family Violence	3(4), 283-298			Child victim, adult perp
Faller, K. C.	1991	Polyincestuous families: An exploratory study	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	6(3), 310-322			Child victim, adult perp
39% of the perpetrators were female, 69% of the cases involved female/male co-offending. In this study, group offending was more common with the mean # of identified perps per case at 3 people. About half the cases involved victimization of both male and female offspring. 1/3 of cases involved offense supportive cognitive distortions.
Faller,K.	1995	A clinical sample of women who have sexually abused children	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	4(3), 13-30			Child victim, adult perp
used a clinical sample 72 female sex offenders so they had a high level of impairment: 32%  had some type of mental illness.  75% of the victims were related to the perp.
Farina, K. A. and Mahoney, M.	2014	Juvenile Sex Offenders	The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice	1–3			Child victim, adult perp
Fazel, S., Sjostedt, G., Grann, M,. & Langstrom, M.	2010	Sexual Offending in Women and Psychiatric Disorder: A National Case-Control Study	Archives of Sexual Behavior	39 (1), 161-167			Child victim, adult perp
Fedoroff, P. J., & Fishell, A.	1999	Paraphilic and other unconventional sexual disorders in girls and women	Women’s Health: A Behavioral Medicine Approach		Oxford: Oxford Press	Palace, E. M.	Child victim, adult perp
Fedoroff, P.J., Fishell, A., & Fedoroff, B.	1999	A case series of women evaluated for paraphilic sexual disorders	The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality	8(2), 127-139			Child victim, adult perp
Ferguson, C. and Meehan, D.	2005	An Analysis of Females Convicted of Sex Crimes in the State of Florida.	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	14 (1), 75-90			Child victim, adult perp
FIFTAL-ALARID, LEANNE	2000	Sexual Assault and Coercion among Incarcerated Women Prisoners: excerpts from prison letters	The Prison Journal	2000; 80; 391			Child victim, adult perp
There are few existing studies that address sexual misconduct of women offenders toward other women prisoners. This qualitative study examined themes of sexual coercion and sexual assault among women offenders that surfaced in letters sent by one woman offender from prison during a period of 5 years. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) female apathy toward sexual coercion and sexual assault, (b) the femme as the sexual aggressor, (c) insight into one female rape situation, and (d) institutional factors contributing to sexual coercion. To prevent incidences of sexual assault by other offenders, policy suggestions specific to the study included a staff focus on identifying and consistently curbing sexual coercion and installing monitored cameras in restriction dorms. Academic experts in the area of female prisoner subcultures have only recently acknowledged the possibility of female prisoner sexual assault (Bowker, 1981, 1982; Pollock-Byrne, 1990). Two known studies were conducted by Cindy and Dave Struckman-Johnson in 1994 and 1998. The first study was conducted statewide in three men’s prisons and one female prison in Nebraska. The study found, via anonymous mail surveys, that 22.0% of men and 7.7% of women reported that they experienced being “pressured or forced into sexual contact in a state prison facility” (Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, Rucker, Bumby, & Donaldson, 1996, p. 74).2 Of this number, only 29% of prisoners actually reported the incident to prison staff. A follow-up study was conducted in 1998 with 2,051 inmates and 518 staff members at seven men’s prisons and three female prison units in other mid-western states. The researchers found that the sexual coercion rates reported by female inmates (those who reported at least one incident of sexual coercion) varied among the three facilities: at 6%, 8%, and 19% (Struckman-Johnson & Struckman-Johnson, 1999, 2000). A second major finding was that between 55% and 80% of all sexual coercion in the three women’s units was committed by other women offenders, which is notably more than that committed by correctional staff.
Finch, S.M.	1973	Sexual abuse by mothers	Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality	7(1), 191			Child victim, adult perp
Finkelhor, D.	1981	Sex between siblings: Sex play, incest and aggression	Children and sex	(1981): 129-149			Child victim, adult perp
Finkelhor, D.	1986	A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse			Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications		Child victim, adult perp
Finkelhor, D.	1994	Current Information on the scope and nature of child sexual abuse.	The Future of Children	4(2), 31-53			Child victim, adult perp
Finkelhor, D., & Russell, D.	1984	Women as perpetrators: Review of the evidence	Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research	171-187	New York: Free Press	Finkelhor, D.	Child victim, adult perp
“best estimates, based on a variety of surveys of the general population, put the percentage of sexual contacts by older females to be about 20% for male children and 5% for female children” p. 177.
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C.	1990	Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors	Child Abuse and Neglect	14(1), 19-28			Child victim, adult perp
N=1,481 women in telephone survey about their sexual victimization histories; about 1% were victimized by other women. N=1,145 men reported 17% of their perps were women.
Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K.J., & Wolak. J.	2000	Online Victimization: A Report on the Nation's Youth [148]	National Center for Missing and Exploited Children				Child victim, adult perp
Finkelhor, D., Williams, L. M., & Burns, N.	1988	Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in day care			Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications		Child victim, adult perp
looked at 271 day care center sexual abuse cases; perp was female in 40% of cases
Fisher, T. D., & Walters, A. S.	2003	Variables in addition to gender that help to explain differences in perceived sexual interest	Psychology of Men & Masculinity	4(2), 154			Child victim, adult perp
FitzRoy, L.	1995	Mother/Rapist: Women’s experience of child sexual assault perpetrated by their biological or adoptive mothers	unpublished Masters Thesis		La Trobe University, Melbourne		Child victim, adult perp
FitzRoy, L.	1997	Mother/daughter rape: A challenge for feminism	Women’s encounters with violence: Australian experiences	40-54	Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage	S. Cook & J. Bessant	Child victim, adult perp
FitzRoy, L.	1998	Offending Mothers: Theorizing in a Feminist Minefield			SECASA, Australia		Child victim, adult perp
FitzRoy, L.	1998	Offending Women: Conversations with Workers			SECASA, Australia		Child victim, adult perp
FitzRoy, L.	2005	Violent Women?: An explorative study of women's use of violence	Unpublished Doctoral Thesis		La Trobe Univeristy, Melbourne		Child victim, adult perp
Forbes, J.	1992	Female sexual abusers: The contemporary search for equivalence	Practice	6, 102-111			Child victim, adult perp
Ford, H.	2006	Women who sexually abuse children			Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons		Child victim, adult perp
Ford, T. M., Liwag-McLamb, M. G., & Foley, L. A.	1998	Perceptions of rape based on sex and sexual orientation of victim	Journal of Social Behavior & Personality				Child victim, adult perp
N-108 college students, vignette of rape, victim’s sex and sexual orientation varied. Female victims were viewed as having more responsibility of they were heterosexual and raped by a male (suggesting the ‘just world’ myth was at work). Male victims were viewed as more responsible if they were homosexual and raped by a male
Forke CM, Myers, RK, Catallozzi M & Schwarz DF	2008	Relationship violence among female and male college undergraduate students	Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine	162 (7) 634-641			Child victim, adult perp
N=910 college students, 27.2% males reported victimization. 11.3% of males reported a history of physical victimization, 13.9% reported a history of sexual victimization, 19% reported a history of emotional victimization. 19.4% of the women reported a history of perpetrating physical violence, 1.8% reported a history of sexual violence perpetration & 7.3% admitted to perpetrating emotional abuse. Most offences were by/against a partner.
Fowler, Carol,, Burns, S. R., & Roehl, J. E.	1983	Counseling the incest offender	International journal of family therapy	5(2), 92-97			Child victim, adult perp
Noted that 80% of the incest offender in their study had been physically or sexually abused as children.
Freel, M.	1995	Women Who Sexually Abuse Children	Norwich: Social Work Monographs		University of East Anglia		Child victim, adult perp
Used self-report questionnaire, N=183 childcare workers from UK (92 female, 91 male). 4% of female workers reported sexual interest in children, 2% of women answered anything other than negative (unsure to strongly agree) to the question “I would have sex with a child if it was certain no one would find out and there would be no punishment”
Freel, M.	2003	Child Sexual Abuse and the Male Monopoly: An Empirical Exploration of Gender and a Sexual Interest in Children	British Journal of Social Work	33, 481-498			Child victim, adult perp
Freeman, N. J., Sandler, J. C.	2007	Female and Male Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Recidivism Patterns and Risk Factors	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	23, 1394-1413			Child victim, adult perp
Frei, A.	2007	Media considerations of female sex offenders: a content analysis of US new paper reporting from 1975-2006	Paper presented at the annual meeting		AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY, Atlanta Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, Georgia		Child victim, adult perp
Fritz, G. S., Stoll, K. & Wagner, N. N.	1981	A comparison of males and females who were sexually molested as children	Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy	7(1), 54-59			Child victim, adult perp
Frketic, Kristina & Easteal, Patricia L	2010	Public Perception of Teachers’ sexual misconduct: does the sex of the teacher make a difference?	Alternative Law Journal	35 (3), 2010, pp142-146			Child victim, adult perp
Found evidence of gendered views about sexual misconduct. There is increased likelihood that the conduct is regarded as more serious if the student is female, given a perception that the female experiences more negative impacts. Greater blame is placed on a male teacher who has a sexual relationship with a female student
Fromuth, M. E., & Holt, A. R.	2008	Perception of teacher sexual misconduct by age of student	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	17(2), 163-179			Child victim, adult perp
Gabbard, G. O., & Twemlow, S. W.	1994	The role of mother-son incest in the pathogenesis of narcissistic personality disorder	Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association	42(1), 171-189			Child victim, adult perp
Gabbard, G. O., Twemlow, S. W.	1994	The Role of Mother-Son Incest in The Pathogenesis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder	Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association	42(1), 171-189			Child victim, adult perp
Gaes. Gerald G. and Andrew L. Goldberg	38056	Prison Rape: A Critical Review of the Literature National Institute of Justice					Child victim, adult perp
Studies Involving Primarily Men, or Men and Women. Studies by Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, Rucker, Bumby, and Donaldson (1996), Struckman-Johnson and Struckman-Johnson (2000), Davis (1968), Nacci and Kane (1982, 1983, 1984), Saum, Surratt, Inciardi, and Bennet (1995), Tewksbury (1989), Maitland and Sluder (1998), Wooden and Parker (1982), Lockwood (1980), Toch (1977), Hensley, Tewksbury, and Castle (2003), Carroll (1977), Chonco (1989), Moss, Hosford, and Anderson (1979), Butler, Donovan, Levy, and Kaldor (2002), Fuller and Orsagh (1977), Butler and Milner (2003), Forst, Fagan, and Vivona (1989), and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (1997) reported on primarily male samples, or a combination of female and male samples. The Butler and Milner and Butler et al., studies were conducted as part of a larger health assessment in the prison system in New South Wales, Australia. Details of each of these studies are covered in the full report. Studies Involving Exclusively Women – Coerced Sex among Women. Struckman-Johnson and Struckman-Johnson (2002), and Alarid (2000) reported on exclusively female samples. These studies are reviewed in detail in the full report. There is also a great deal of research on consensual sex among women that is mentioned, but not reviewed in the report. The Problem of Validity. Unlike some other assessments of sensitive and stigmatized behaviors such as sexual practices and legal abortions, there is no way to directly measure the veracity of the self-reported prison sexual victimization. We propose two models that use other information about drug use, the level of blood borne infectious disease, and the level of sexual victimization to try to establish the validity of the data at the individual or institution level, after a large scale survey has been conducted. This method will not provide an independent validity check on the actual proportion of sexual victimization. It will, however, provide some assurance that the relative ranking of prisons, from best to worst, has some validity.
Gakhal, B.K. and Brown, S.J.	2011	A Comparison of the general public's, forensic professionals' and students' attitudes towards female sex offenders	Journal of sexual aggression	volume 17 (1): 105-116			Child victim, adult perp
Gallagher, B.	2000	The extent and nature of known cases of institutional child sexual abuse.	British Journal of Social Work	30(6), 795-817			Child victim, adult perp
Gallop, R.	1998	Abuse of power in the nurse-client relationship	Nursing Standard	12(37), 43-47			Child victim, adult perp
Gannon, T.	2010	A re-examination of female child molesters' implicit theories: evidence of female specificity?	Psychology, Crime & Law				Child victim, adult perp
Gannon, T. A., & Cortoni, F.	2010	Female Sexual Offenders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment			Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell		Child victim, adult perp
Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R.	2008	Female child sexual offenders: Towards, integrating theory and practice	Aggression and Violent behaviour	21, 194-207			Child victim, adult perp
Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R.	2009	Offense-Related Interpretative Bias in Female Child Molesters: A Preliminary Study	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	21, 194-207			Child victim, adult perp
N=19 British F.S.O.s compared to 18 British non-sexual female offenders. F.S.O.s were more likely than controls to view males as threatening, regardless of whether they offended with a male partner or not. (Need to find other research on this phenomenon of women viewing ambiguous info on males in a way that interprets males as dangerous—is it the corollary to the male propensity to view women’s ambiguous behaviour as sexual?)
Gannon, T. A., & Rose, M. R., & Ward, T.	2008	A descriptive model of the offence process for female sexual offenders	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	20, 352-374			Child victim, adult perp
N=22 female sexual offenders, had a total of 38 victims (13 male, 25 female victims; 9 adult victims & 29 child victims). 47% of the victims were relatives. 50% of the women offended with a male partner (only 23% were ‘coerced’), 27% offended alone and 23% as part of a group of 3 or more people.
Gannon, T. A., Hoare, J. A., Rose, M. R., & Parrett, N.	2012	A re-examination of female child molesters’ implicit theories: evidence of female specificity?	Psychology, Crime & Law	18(2), 209-224			Child victim, adult perp
N=16 British F.S.O.s, had offense supportive cognitive distortions including Uncontrolability, Males as Dangerous, Victims as Sexual, Males as Harmful and Males as Entitled (factors help women co-offend with males)
Gannon, T. A., Rose, M. R., & Ward, T.	in press	Pathways to female sexual offending: A preliminary study	Psychology Crime and Law				Child victim, adult perp
Gannon, T. A., Rose, M. R., & Williams, S. E.	2009	Do female child molesters hold implicit associations between children and sex? A preliminary investigation	Journal of Sexual Aggression	15, 55-61			Child victim, adult perp
N=17 British F.S.O.s weren’t any more likely than British female non-sexual offenders to associated kids with sex
Gannon, T.A. & Alleyne, E.	2013	Female Sexual Abusers’ Cognition: A Systematic Review	Trauma Violence & Abuse	14 (1) 67-79			Child victim, adult perp
Gannon, T.A., Waugh, G.; Taylor, K.; Blanchette, K.; O'Connor, A., Blake, E. & Ó’ Ciardha, C.	2013	Women who Sexually Offend Display Three Main Offense Styles: A Re-Examination of the Descriptive Model of Female Sexual Offending	Sex Abuse May				Child victim, adult perp
This study examined a theory constructed to describe the offense process of women who sexually offend—the Descriptive Model of Female Sexual Offending (DMFSO). In particular, this report sets out to establish whether the original three pathways (or offending styles) identified within United Kingdom convicted female sexual offenders and described within the DMFSO (i.e., Explicit-Approach, Directed-Avoidant, Implicit-Disorganized) were applicable to a small sample (N = 36) of North American women convicted of sexual offending. Two independent raters examined the offense narratives of the sample and—using the DMFSO—coded each script according to whether it fitted one of the three original pathways. Results suggested that the three existing pathways of the DMFSO represented a reasonable description of offense pathways for a sample of North American women convicted of sexual offending. No new pathways were identified. A new “Offense Pathway Checklist” devised.
Garnefski, N., & Arends, E.	1998	Sexual abuse and adolescent maladjustment: Differences between male and female victims	Journal of Adolescence	21, 99–107.			Child victim, adult perp
Gavin, H.	2009	Mummy wouldn’t do that the perception and construction of the female child sex abuser.	Evil, Women and the Feminine	1-3 May 2009	Budapest, Hungary.		Child victim, adult perp
Gibson, Camille, and Donna M. Vandiver	2008	Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know			Greenwood Publishing Group		Child victim, adult perp
Giguere, R., & Bumby, K.	2007	Female sex offenders [189]	Center for Sex Offender Management		USA		Child victim, adult perp
Women account for 1% of incarcerated sex offenders in the U.S.
Glasser, M., Kolvin, L., Campbell, D., Glasser, A., Leitch, I & Farrelly, S.	2001	Cycle of child sexual abuse; links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator, [192]	British Journal of Psychiatry	179, 482-494			Child victim, adult perp
A high percentage of male subjects abused in childhood by a female relative became perpetrators.
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T.	1999	The ambivalence toward men inventory	Psychology of Women Quarterly	23(3), 519-536.			Child victim, adult perp
We present a measure, the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory (AMI), that differentiates between women's hostile and benevolent prejudices and stereotypes about men. The Hostility toward Men (HM) and Benevolence toward Men (BM) subscales of the AMI tap conventional attitudes toward men that have opposing valences. Each subscale assesses sub-factors concerning men's power, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. Three studies with predominately White, male and female participants (two with undergraduates and one with a community sample) establish the factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity of the AMI. The AMI was strongly related to its sister scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and to two established scales of attitudes toward men (Downs & Engleson, 1982; Iazzo, 1983). Only the AMI, however, successfully distinguished between subjectively positive and subjectively negative beliefs about men. A copy of the 20-item AMI is provided as a tool for further exploration of women's ambivalence toward men.
Goldberg Edelson, Meredyth	2012	Why Have All the Boys Gone? Gender Differences in Prosecution Acceptance of Child Sexual Abuse Cases	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	25(5) 461– 481			Child victim, adult perp
Notes that Child Sexual Abuse cases referred by the police to the DA are not necessarily accepted for prosecution and there appears to be gender differences related to this. Author compared acceptance rates of DA to expected frequencies based on available literature on abuse and on data from Child Abuse Assessment Center. The final combined sample included 172 children, 137 females and 34 males, average age 9.5 yrs. Found that the ratio of male/female victim cases accepted by the DA didn’t match the base rate of the literature or the referrals coming out of the Child Abuse Assessment Center; there were fewer male victim cases than expected; male cases of child sexual abuse were less likely than female cases to be taken up for prosecution by the DA’s office. Wasn’t due to the males being too young to testify (9 .7 yrs vs 8.5 yrs).
Goldman, L. L.	1993	Female Sex Offenders: Societal Avoidance of Comprehending the Phenomenon of Women Who Sexually Abuse Children	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology. (University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI)		Child victim, adult perp
Goodman, D.	1976	The Behavior of Hypersexual Delinquent Girls	American Journal of Psychiatry	133(6), 663			Child victim, adult perp
Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P.	1979	Mother-daughter incest	Child Abuse & Neglect	3, 953-957			Child victim, adult perp
Goodwin, J., & DiVasto, P.	1989	Female homosexuality: A sequel to mother-daughter incest	Sexual Abuse: Incest Victims and Their Families	140-146		J. M. Goodwin	Child victim, adult perp
Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.
Grabell, A. S., & Knight, R. A.	2009	Examining childhood abuse patterns and sensitive periods in juvenile sexual offenders	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	21(2), 208-222			Child victim, adult perp
In adult sexual offenders, studies have found that the relation of sexual abuse to sexual coercion is mediated by sexually related deviant cognitions. In this study it is hypothesized that this link will be found in juvenile sexual offenders when their sexual abuse history is stratified into discrete developmental epochs. It is further hypothesized that the age range of 3 to 7 years, when children rapidly acquire inhibition and cognitive flexibility skills, will be the most potent predictor. A sample of 193 juvenile sexual offenders is used to examine whether sexual abuse specifically in this discrete period, as opposed to other periods, predicts subsequent sexual fantasy. The results confirm that sexual abuse correlates with later adolescent sexual fantasy only during the 3- to 7-year epoch. This study should be replicated with female offenders.
Grattagliano, Ignazio, Jessica N. Owens, Robert J. Morton, Carlo P. Campobasso, Felice Carabellese, and Roberto Catanesi.	2012	Female sexual offenders: Five Italian case studies	Aggression and Violent Behavior	17, no. 3 (2012): 180-187			Child victim, adult perp
Gray, J. L.	1992	From the Data of Therapists: An Exploratory Study of Adult Females Who Sexually Molest Children	Unpublished MSW thesis		Long Beach, CA: California State University		Child victim, adult perp
Grayston, A. D., & De Luca, R. V.	1999	Female perpetrators of child sexual abuse: A review of the clinical and empirical literature.	Aggression and Violent Behavior	4(1), 1999, 93-106			Child victim, adult perp
Green, A. H.	1999	Female sex offenders	Sexual Aggression	195-210	Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press	J. A. Shaw	Child victim, adult perp
victim surveys show that between 14% and 24% of sexually abused males and between 6% and 14% of sexually abused females report having been abused by a female perpetrator.
Green, A.H., & Kaplan, M.	1994	Psychiatric impairment and childhood victimization experiences in female child molesters.	Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry	33, 954-961			Child victim, adult perp
Green, J.	2000	Maire Claire on Female Sex Offenders			Retrieved June 16, 2010, from Abuse Hurts Everyone		Child victim, adult perp
Greenfeld, L. A., & Snell, T. L.	1999	Women offenders		3	Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.		Child victim, adult perp
Per self-reports of victims, women perpetrate 14% of violent offenses (average annual: 2.1 million violent female offenders). 75% of their victims were other females, most of whom had a prior relationship with the perp (not a stranger). About 10,000 females are arrested in the U.S. annually for violent sexual offenses.
Grier, P. E., & Clark, M. A.	1987	Female sexual offenders in a prison setting	Unpublished, manuscript		St. Louis, MO: Behavioral Sciences Institute, Inc.		Child victim, adult perp
Grier, P. E., Clark, M., & Stoner, S. B.	1993	Comparative study of personality traits of female sex offenders.	Psychological Reports	73, 1378			Child victim, adult perp
Grimaldi, Jessica	2009	Sexual Scripts and Structured Action: Exploring Gendered Language in Cases of Female Sexual Offending	Masters thesis		Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada		Child victim, adult perp
Three criminal cases are examined from Wisconsin, U.S. The goal is to examine whether, and through what processes, traditional sexual scripts are discursively reproduced in court proceedings and media reporting of female sexual offending. State of Wisconsin vs. Anne Knopf was discussed as ‘unusual case’, ‘harmless’, ‘good mother’, ‘mentally ill’. State of Wisconsin vs. Marnie Staehly Case was discussed as ‘unusual case’, ‘harmless’, ‘mental impairment’, ‘childlike’, ‘non-sexual’. USA vs. Carrie Wheaton and Roger Smith child porn case was discussed as unusual case’, “mentally ill’, ‘coercion’ and ‘non-maternal’.
Grob, C. S.	1985	Single case study: Female exhibitionism	The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease	173(4), 253-256			Child victim, adult perp
Grossin, Cécile, Isabelle Sibille, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, Ahmed Banasr, Fabrice Brion, and Michel Durigon	2003	Analysis of 418 cases of sexual assault	Forensic Science International	131, no. 2 (2003): 125-130			Child victim, adult perp
14% of the 418 victims were male
Grossman , L.	1992	An example of "character perversion" in a woman	Psychoanalytic Quarterly	61(4), 581-9.			Child victim, adult perp
Groth, A. N.	1979	Sexual Trauma in the Life Histories of Rapists and Child Molesters	Victimology	4(1), 10-16			Child victim, adult perp
Groth, A. N.	2001	Men who rape: The psychology of the offender		185-192	Da Capo Press		Child victim, adult perp
Briefly discusses female sexual offenders
Groth, A.N. Groth, A. N.	1982	The incest offender	Handbook of clinical intervention in child sexual abuse	215-239		Sgroi, S. M.	Child victim, adult perp
Has a single page on mother-child incest.
Halcyon, Linda, Robert W. Blum, Trish Beuhring, Ernest Pate, Sheila Campbell-Forrester, and Anneke Venema.	2003	Adolescent health in the Caribbean: a regional portrait	Journal Information	93, no. 11			Child victim, adult perp
31% of the males reported having been forced into their first sexual intercourse. Over 50% of the sexually active boys reported their first sexual intercourse was at or before age 10 years.
Hamilton, C. E., Falshaw, L., & Browne, K. D.	2002	The link between recurrent maltreatment and offending behaviour	International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology	46(1), 75-94			Child victim, adult perp
Hannon, R., Hall, D. S., Nash, H., Forman, J., & Hopson, T.	2000	Judgments regarding sexual aggression as a function of sex of aggressor and victim.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	43(5-6), 311-322			Child victim, adult perp
Hanson, R. F., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Best, C.	1999	Factors related to the reporting of childhood rape	Child Abuse & Neglect	23, 559–569			Child victim, adult perp
Harrison, H.	1994	Female abusers - what children and young people have told Childline.	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	89-92	New York: The Guilford Press	M. Elliott	Child victim, adult perp
Harrison, K.	2010	Managing High-Risk Sex Offenders in the Community: Risk Management, Treatment and Social Responsibility.			Portland, OR: Willan Publishing		Child victim, adult perp
Hart, R., & Dumasia, S.	2012	Treating a female convicted of sexual offending against a child while in company of a male co-offender	Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand	4(2), 13			Child victim, adult perp
case study
Hartwick, C., Desmarais, S., & Henning, K.	2007	Characteristics of male and female victims of sexual coercion	Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality	16(1/2), 31			Child victim, adult perp
N=251 college males. 38.8% of the males reported a history of experiencing sexual coercion and it was associated with the number of sexual partners, number of romantic relationships. 23.3% coerced into fondling/kissing, 18.3% coerced into intercourse and 5.8% coerced into oral sex.
Hassett-Walker, C., Lateano, T., & Di Benedetto, M.	2014	Do Female Sex Offenders Receive Preferential Treatment in Criminal Charging and Sentencing?	Justice System Journal	35(1), 62-86			Child victim, adult perp
Results showed that female sex offenders who victimized adolescents for whom they were not caretakers were charged less severely.
Hatchard, C.	2002	Female Perpetrated Sexual Abuse: Redefining the Construct of Sexual Abuse and Challenging Beliefs about Human Sexuality.					Child victim, adult perp
16 June 2010.
Haydon, Abigail A; Annie-Laurie McRee, & Carolyn Tucker Halpern	2011	Unwanted Sex Among Young Adults in the United States The Role of Physical Disability and Cognitive Performance	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	November 2011 26 (17) 3476-3493			Child victim, adult perp
This study examined associations between unwanted sexual experiences and both physical disability and cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of young adults. We used data from 11,878 participants (ages 26-32) in Waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Logistic regressions determined associations between physical disability and level of cognitive performance (using a modified Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and the odds of experiencing physically forced and non-physically coerced sex. Approximately 24% of females and 4% of males reported unwanted sexual experiences. Compared to respondents without disabilities, females with a physical disability had greater odds of experiencing forced sex (OR = 1.49; 95% CI [1.06, 2.08]), whereas males with a physical disability had greater odds of coerced sex (OR = 1.90; 95% CI [1.02, 3.52]). Compared to those with average cognitive performance scores, females with scores above 110 had slightly higher odds of coerced sex (OR = 1.20; 95% CI [1.03-1.41]). Further research on pathways underlying these associations is needed to inform prevention efforts.
Helweg-Larsen, K., & Larsen, H. B.	2006	The prevalence of unwanted and unlawful sexual experiences reported by Danish adolescents: Results from a national youth survey in 2002	Acta Paediatrica	95, 1270–1276			Child victim, adult perp
Hemenway, David, Deborah Prothrow-Stith & Angela Browne	2005	Report of the 2004 Boston Youth Survey					Child victim, adult perp
5% of males reported experiencing sexual violence by dating partner during lifetime and another 5% reported experiencing sexual violence by anyone during their lifetime. 7% experienced some form of physical violence by dating partner. Those who experienced these forms of violence scored much higher on the depression scale (and male victims scored more depressed than female victims).
Hendriks, J., Wijkman, M., & Bijleveld, C.	2013	Group sexual offending	Handbook on the Study of Multiple Perpetrator Rape: A Multidisciplinary Response to an International Problem	Vol. 4	Routledge	Horvath, M. A., & Woodhams, J.	Child victim, adult perp
Chapter 5 compares adolescent female and male group sexual offenders
Hepner, B. A.	2007	An exploratory study of types and characteristics of incarcerated female sex offenders	Doctoral dissertation		Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas		Child victim, adult perp
Hepner-Williamson, Bridget A.	2012	Media vs. Reality: who is the real female sex offender	The Harms of Crime media: essays on the perpetuation of racism, sexism and class stereotypes	78-90		Denise L. Bissler & Joan L. Conners	Child victim, adult perp
Cites Muraskin & Domash (2007) and Jerin & Field (1994) regarding media’s distortion of crime and how it influences the public perception of crime. Chapter focuses on how the media minimizes the female sex offender’s harm and delegitimizes the victims. It reinforces the idea that a child is not being harmed and that the male child is somehow benefiting from the abuse. This encourages people to view the victim as somehow contributing to their victimization. Compared media accounts of FSOs w/ a known sample of convicted FSOs (Texan) to show that the media portrayal is not representative. The 129 convicted FSO were from the Gatesville TX FSO treatment program (18 month program, involuntary, for FSOs w/in 24 months of release). The data was from 2006-2008. The media accounts were from LexisNexis search using multiple key phrases including “female”, “woman”, “sex offender”, “pedophile”, “teacher” and “sex”. Found 38 cases that provided adequate information. 58% of the incarcerated offenders were employed, average age was 31 years, 65% were white, most had about 10 years of education, 69% were single and most claimed a history of victimization. Author notes that 53% had “some type of prior mental health issues” but this vague term doesn’t suggest having a severe/persisting mental illness that precluded self-awareness or self-control. 57% were Solo Offenders, 16% had a history of sexual arrests, 26% had a history of non-sexual arrests. The average sentence was 9.8 years; the most common offense (67%) was sexual assault of a child or aggravated sexual assault of a child. The 129 FSOs had 162 victims whose average age was 11 years, with 60% of the victims under age 16. The victims were 54% female/46% male, 31% of the victims were the FSO’s biological child, 23% were an acquaintance of the FSO. Only 7% of the FSOs were Teachers and their victims were also split between male/female. Regarding the media cases, the average age of the FSO was 31 years, but information on educational background and race was limited, as was information regarding mental health or arrest histories (unless directly related to the case). 50% of the cases were married. The average victim age was 13 years, 73% of the victims were male and81% had only a single victim. 60% of the news cases described the victim as consenting to sex by the FSO, despite the fact that 80% of the crimes/charges involved a sexual assault such as rape or molestation. 2 cases involved a male co-offender, both of whom were described as worse that the female sex offender (males were “slave master” and had a ‘high level of arousal by minors” while the women who abused the same kid had “a consensual relationship” and “was in love and forced to offend”). 24 out of the 38 cases (63%) were Teachers. 81.5% of the media reports used positive or neutral language to describe the FSOs, often commenting on their attractiveness, youth and accomplishments (she’s so normal, how could this be bad) while also describing actions using the term “love” or “a sexual relationship”. Only 7 out of the 38 media cases had negative language, 3 of which used the terms Pedophile to describe the women (not all of whom actually carried that clinical diagnosis). Strangely, the most negative description was of 2 women who pretended to be male and who offended against female victims. The prototypical FSO in the state of Texas incarceration sample was a Single mother who sexually assaulted her 11 year old daughter. The prototypical FSO per the media was a married woman who molested a male student. The media minimizes the male child victim but either ignores the female child victim or is critical of short sentences when the victim is female.
Herman-Giddens,M.E.& Berson,N.L.	1989	Harmful genital care practices in children: A type of child abuse	JAMA	261(4), 577-579			Child victim, adult perp
Hetherton,J., Beardsall,L.	1998	Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: Does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals?	Child abuse & neglect	22(12), 1265-1283			Child victim, adult perp
Child protection staff are more permissive regarding female sex offenders, less likely to view them as needing registration and/or imprisonment. Those staff that had more experience with female perps were more likely to agree to the need for imprisonment.
Higdon, M. J.	2011	Fatherhood by conscription: Nonconsensual insemination and the duty of child support.	Georgia Law Review	46, 407 - 458			Child victim, adult perp
Includes discussion of Adult females who become pregnant via sexual relations with males under the age of consent.
Higgins, C. & Ireland, C.	2009	Attitudes towards male and female sex offenders: a comparison of forensic staff, prison officers and the general public in Northern Ireland.	The British Journal of Forensic Practice	11(1), 14-19			Child victim, adult perp
Hirschberg, D., & Riskin, K.	1994	Female adolescent sexual offenders in residential treatment: Characteristics and treatment implications					Child victim, adult perp
Hislop, J.	2001	Female Sex Offenders: What Therapists, Law Enforcement and Child Protection Services Need to Know			Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor, Inc		Child victim, adult perp
Hislop, J. R.	1999	Female child molesters	Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views	135-310	Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press	P. A. Davin, J. R. Hislop, & T. Dunbar	Child victim, adult perp
Found that the average age of victims for female perpetrated sexual abuse was 8.76 years and the average age difference between victims and perpetrators was 11.9 years.
Holmes, Guy & Liz Offen	1996	Clinicians' hypotheses regarding clients' problems: Are they less likely to hypothesize sexual abuse in male compared to female clients?	Child Abuse & Neglect	20 (6) 1996, 493–501			Child victim, adult perp
Sixty-one clinical psychologists completed a questionnaire about a detailed case summary of an adult client which incorporated a number of indicators that the client may have been sexually abused. The gender of the client was manipulated. Significantly more clinicians hypothesized that the female client (compared to the male client) had been sexually abused in childhood. Clinicians who were more recently qualified, and clinicians who identified their predominant theoretical orientation as psychodynamic (rather than cognitive-behavioral), were more likely to hypothesize sexual abuse, although these effects were only statistically significant for the female clients. The majority of clinicians hypothesizing sexual abuse in the female client rated the abuse as the most important issue to address in therapy; this was not the case for the male client. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature suggesting that the apparent low number of male victims of sexual abuse currently being seen by the helping professions may in part be accounted for by a lack of awareness in clinicians as to the possibility that males, including their male clients, are sexually abused.
Horrocks, Chelsea		The Myth of the Female Sex Offender	Undergraduate Review	6, 100-106			Child victim, adult perp
Female sex offenders are most often in their late twenties or early thirties and the majority are Caucasian (Vandiver et al., 2008). Female offenders are significantly more likely than male offenders to victimize children under the age of twelve (Freeman & Sandler, 2008). The exact occurrence of co-offending is difficult to determine, but it is known that women more often offend with another person or in a group than men do (Vandiver et al., 2008). A common stereotype of sex offenders is that they offend against victims of the opposite sex. However, in some studies it has been suggested that the victims of female sex offenders are almost equally likely to be females as males. Vandiver and Kercher suggest that this could be caused by the increased likelihood that a woman is acting with a man, or at his urging (2004). Using a qualitative approach, this research compared and contrasted female and male sex offenders. Specifically the study reviewed the existing typology of female sex offenders as developed by Vandiver (2002) and the typology of male sex offenders as articulated by Groth (1979). Applying them to two high profile cases involving female offenders. Case studies were used in this research to establish the applicability of two existing typologies to actual crimes.
Hovey,A., Stalker,C., & Rye,B.J.	2014	Asking Women Survivors about Thoughts or Actions Involving Sex with Children: An Issue Requiring Therapist Sensitivity	Journal of child sex abuse	23(4), 442-461			Child victim, adult perp
Used telephone interviews of 22 Canadian therapists to find out if they ask about sexual offending thoughts/behaviors in adult female victims of child sexual abuse.
Howard, J. A.	1984	Societal influences on attribution: Blaming some victims more than others	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	47(3), 494			Child victim, adult perp
2 studies (N=135 college students read vignettes of sexual assault; N=160 college students viewed video of assaults). Found more blame of female victims based on character, more blame of male victims based on behaviour. Male victims are expected to fight and/or escape.
Howell, Alanna	2007	Victims of child sexual abuse : who's responsible and who's believable?	Master’s thesis				Child victim, adult perp
This thesis investigates whether perpetrator-victim and counselor characteristics influence counselors’ views of victim responsibility and credibility. Counsellors (n=149) surveyed by mail and over the internet read a vignette describing an incident of CSA, completed a 12-question survey along a 7-point Likert-type scale, responded to 2 open-ended discussion questions, and completed a demographic survey. Results from a logistic regression analysis found that: victim gender predicted views of victim responsibility for boys; more years of counseling experience predicted the disbelief of CSA disclosures; and more years’ experience counseling CSA clients predicted credibility of CSA disclosures. Early feminist works on CSA are used to argue that transgressions of gender norms elicit interpretations of victims that realign their behaviour with patriarchal ideals of femininity and masculinity. However, the existence of various gender pairings of perpetrator-victim relationships suggest that my findings support a revised view of patriarchy that is more in line with intersectional feminist literature.
Howitt, D.	1995	Paedophiles and Sexual Offenses Against Children.			West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.		Child victim, adult perp
Hughes, T. L., Johnson, T., & Wilsnack, S. C.	2001	Sexual assault and alcohol abuse: A comparison of lesbians and heterosexual women.	Journal of Substance Abuse	13(4), 515-532			Child victim, adult perp
27% of lesbians reported that they were sexually assaulted by a date (female)
Hui, C.	2002	Knowledge, Behavior and Personality Characteristics of Females with Sexual Wrong Doings.	Chinese Journal of Health Education		11, 0.		Child victim, adult perp
Hunt, L.M.	2006	Females who sexually abuse in organizations working with children. Characteristics, International and Australian prevalence rates: Implications for child protection.			Melbourne, Australia: Child Wise		Child victim, adult perp
Hunter, J. A., & Mathews, R.	1997	Sexual deviance in females	Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment	465-480	New York: The Guilford Press.	R. D. Laws & W. O’Donohue	Child victim, adult perp
Hunter, M.	1990	Abused boys: The neglected victims of sexual abuse			Lexington Books/DC Heath.		Child victim, adult perp
J. Barth, Bermetz, E., Heim,S T. Tonia	2012	The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis	International Journal of Public Health				Child victim, adult perp
Meta-analysis of 55 studies from 24 countries published 2002-2009, found an average of 3 out of 100 boys were forced to have intercourse
Jackson, Susan M, Fiona Cram & Fred W. Seymour	2000	Violence and Sexual Coercion in High School Students' Dating Relationships	Journal of Family Violence	March 2000, 15 (1) 23-36			Child victim, adult perp
A review of the dating violence literature reveals a limited number of studies with high school students and few studies that investigate the contextual issues of violence, such as meaning, motivation, and consequences. The present study sought to investigate the extent of dating violence victimization in a New Zealand sample of senior high school students (aged 16 to 18 years) and the perceived reasons for the violence, emotional effects, disclosure of the violence, and relationship consequences. A questionnaire that contained both open-ended and forced-choice items pertaining to experiences of violence and its consequences was developed using material gathered from focus group discussions with high school students. Findings showed gender similarity in the extent of violence and a number of significant gender differences in the aftermath of violence, particularly in the area of sexual coercion. These findings are discussed in the context of future research and prevention of dating violence. Furthermore, a few studies have investigated only female victimization and male perpetration, ignoring female perpetration and male victimization (e.g., Dekeseredy & Schwartz, 1994; Mercer, 1988). It is important that future researchers examine gender as a matter of course but in a way that advances knowledge in ways that straightforward reporting of violence rates does not. This means, for example, investigating whether acts of violence, when of similar form, are equivalent in meaning or consequence for females and males (Bograd, 1990). By such examinations our knowledge of the relationship between gender and violence is advanced. Gender differences emerged in how the students dealt with emotional violence. Overall, male students were markedly less likely to talk to someone (friend, family, partner, counselor) about emotional violence than their female counterparts were. Significantly more males (29.8%) than females (9.7%) reported that they had talked to "nobody" about it or did not need to talk at all (4.1% females, 14.9% males. Overall, 130 female students (76.9%) and 91 male students (67.4%) reported they had experienced one or more incidents of unwanted sexual activity. Similar numbers of male and female students reported most types of nonconsensual sexual activity; the exception was being felt up, which significantly more female than male students reported. In addition to being asked about experiencing unwanted sexual activity, students were given a list of settings and asked to check those in which unwanted sexual activity had occurred. Half of the female students and 40% of the males reported that unwanted sexual activity had occurred at parties. Other comparatively prevalent settings included partner's house, friend's house, and hanging out with friends. Significantly more male than female students reported unwanted sexual activity at school. Unwanted sexual activity was more often reported in long-term relationships than in relationships with new partners, acquaintances, friends, partners of unspecified time together, or casual partners. More than half (58%) of female students indicated that unwanted sexual activity had occurred with acquaintances or in casual relationships, and slightly fewer than half of male students (46.7%). Students were given a list of 11 possible reasons for engaging in unwanted sex. Overall, perceived reasons for sexual coercion were similar for boys and girls. A substantial number of students reported having unwanted sex to show that they loved their partner (44.2% males, 34.7% females) or because they thought it was what the partners wanted (36.9% females, 35.6% males). Alcohol was also commonly reported as a reason for unwanted sexual activity. More than a quarter of each group (29.8% of males, and 26.9% of females) reported alcohol or drug use to be a main reason for the unwanted sexual activity. Significantly more male students reported having unwanted sexual activity because they thought their friends were doing it (21% males, 10.1% females). Relatively few students, male or female, reported fear of losing a partner, being held down (forced), being threatened with harm, or being hassled as reasons for unwanted sexual activity. Notably, almost as many males as females reported being held down and forced to have sex. Substantial numbers of each gender indicated that they talked to nobody (46.8% male, 46.1% female).
Jennings, K. T.	1994	Female child molesters: A review of the literature.	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	219-234	New York: The Guilford Press	M. Elliott	Child victim, adult perp
Jespersen, Ashley F., Lalumiere, Martin L & Seto, Michael C.	2009	Sexual abuse history among adult sex offenders and non-sex offenders: a meta-analysis	Child Abuse & Neglect	33, 179-192			Child victim, adult perp
Reviewed 17 studies of sex offenders and non-sex offenders and prevalence of different types of abuse experienced by children and adults. Found support for the abused-abuser hypothesis. Found that high rates of sexual victimization among sex offenders, relative to non-sex offenders, but not a high history of physical abuse, emotional abuse or neglect. They did a break down between sex offenders against children and against adults and found that those who offended against adults had more physical abuse victimization history while those who offended against children had more sexual abuse victimization history. After ruling out a publication bias, they theorized that this association may be related to Learning, Sexual Development issues and Familial Transmission issues.
Johansson-Love, J.	2007	A 2x2 comparison of offender and gender; what characteristics do female sex offenders have in common with other offender groups?	Unpublished dissertation		West Virginia University		Child victim, adult perp
Johansson-Love, J. and Fremouw, W.	2008	Female Sexual Perpetrators: Is It More Than Just a Gender Difference?	Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychology		Law Society, Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront, Jacksonville, FL, Mar 05		Child victim, adult perp
Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W.	2006	A critique of the female sexual perpetrator research.	Aggression and Violent Behavior	11, 12-26			Child victim, adult perp
Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W.	2009	Female Sex Offenders: A Controlled Comparison of Offender and Victim/Crime Characteristics.	Journal of Family Violence	24, 367-376			Child victim, adult perp
Jones, Susan J.	2013	A Portrait of Boundary Violations: Former Female Employees of Corrections Who Have Established a Relationship With an Inmate	doctoral thesis				Child victim, adult perp
in place where they did not feel connected to their colleagues but did find a connection with an inmate
Joslyn, Jayme Lynn	2011	Female Teachers as Sexual Predators: A Qualitative study of grades 7-12 in the state of Florida's public schools	Dissertation				Child victim, adult perp
Judson, Stephanie S., Dawn M. Johnson, and Alycia LU Perez.	2013	Perceptions of Adult Sexual Coercion as a Function of Victim Gender	Psychology of Men & Masculinity	Vol 14(4), Oct 2013, 335-344.			Child victim, adult perp
Justice, B., & Justice, R.	1979	The broken taboo: Sex in the family		168-200	New York: Human Sciences Press		Child victim, adult perp
Has 3 pages on mother-son incest
Kalders, A., Inkster, H., & Britt, E.	1997	Females who offend sexually against children in New Zealand.	The Journal of Sexual Aggression	3(1), 15-29			Child victim, adult perp
Kalichman SC, Sarwer DB, Johnson JR, Ali SA, Early J & Tuten JT	1993	Sexually coercive behavior and love styles: a replication and extension	Journal of psychology and human sexuality	6 91-107			Child victim, adult perp
College men were grouped as either: not having experienced sexual intercourse (n = 25), consensually experienced with intercourse only (n = 56), or sexually coercive (n = 42), based on self-reported sexual history. Comparisons were made on six love styles, three adult attachment styles, and self-reported experiences in love relationships. Results replicated earlier research, finding that men who had been sexually coercive endorsed a manipulative, game-playing orientation toward intimate relationships to a greater extent than both other groups. Although sexually coercive men did not differ from the other two groups in their romantic attachment styles, they did report less happiness, friendship, and trust in their romantic relationships. Results suggest that avoidance does not characterize sexually coercive men, but rather manipulation and deception appear to form the link between love styles and sexual coercion.
Kasl, C. S.	1990	Female perpetrators of sexual abuse: A feminist view.	The Sexually Abused Male. Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment		Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.	M. Hunter	Child victim, adult perp
Kaufman, K. L., Wallace, A. M., Johnson, C. F., & Reeder, M. L.	1995	Comparing female and male perpetrators’ modus operandi: Victims’ reports of sexual abuse.	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	10(3), 322-333			Child victim, adult perp
Kelley, S. J., Brant, R., & Waterman, J.	1993	Sexual abuse of children in day care centers.	Child Abuse & Neglect	17, 71-89			Child victim, adult perp
Kelly, R. J., Wood, J. J., Gonzalez, L. S., MacDonald, V., & Waterman, J.	2002	Effects of mother-son incest and positive perceptions of sexual abuse experiences on the psychosocial adjustment of clinic-referred men	Child Abuse & Neglect	26(4), 425-441			Child victim, adult perp
Seventeen men reported mother-son incest, and these men endorsed more trauma symptoms than did other sexually abused men, even after controlling for a history of multiple perpetrators and physical abuse. Mother-son incest was likely to be subtle, involving behaviors that may be difficult to distinguish from normal care-giving (e.g., genital touching), despite the potentially serious long-term consequences. Twenty-seven men recalled positive or mixed initial perceptions of the abuse, including about half of the men who had been abused by their mothers. These men reported more adjustment problems than did men who recalled purely negative initial perceptions
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., & Simon, A. F.	1987	Perpetrators and their acts: Data from 365 adults molested as children	Child Abuse & Neglect	11, 237-45			Child victim, adult perp
King, M., Coxell, A., & Mezey, G.	2002	Sexual molestation of males: Associations with psychological disturbance	The British Journal of Psychiatry	181(2), 153-157			Child victim, adult perp
Study of 2,474 from medical clinics in UK. Average age was 46, mostly Caucasian, mostly heterosexual. 20.9% had nonconsensual sex before age 16, about 20% of the perps were female
Kisanga, Felix	2012	Child sexual abuse in urban Tanzania: possibilities and barriers for prevention					Child victim, adult perp
The school survey showed that 28% (boys=30%, girls=26%) of the students were exposed to child sexual abuse, with boys more often affected than girls. Twenty-six per cent of boys and 19% of girls reported being forced to look at pornography. Forced sexual intercourse was experienced by 9.8% of boys and 8.7% of girls
Kite, D. & Tyson, G. A.	2004	The Impact of Perpetrator Gender on Male and Female Police Officers' Perceptions of Child Sexual Abuse.	Psychiatry, Psychology and Law	11(2), 308-318			Child victim, adult perp
Knoll, J.	2010	Teacher Sexual Misconduct: Grooming Patterns and Female Offenders	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	19(4), 371-386			Child victim, adult perp
Knopp, F. H. & Lackey, L. B.	1987	Female Sexual Abusers: A Summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers			Female Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press		Child victim, adult perp
Koonin, R.	1995	Breaking the last taboo: Child sexual abuse by female perpetrators.	Australian Social Work	30(2), 195-210			Child victim, adult perp
Kramer, S.	1974	Episodes of severe ego regression in the course of adolescent analysis	The analyst and the adolescent at work,	190-231			Child victim, adult perp
Mentions a case of mother-son incest
Kramer, S.	2009, January	Confronting the Ultimate Taboo: A Qualitative Analysis of Expert Perceptions of the Female Pedophile	Culture, Health & Sexuality	11 36			Child victim, adult perp
Kramer, S., & Bowman, B.	2011	Accounting for the ‘invisibility’ of the female paedophile: an expert-based perspective from South Africa	Psychology & Sexuality	2(3), 244-258			Child victim, adult perp
Looked at perceptions of 4 South African professionals involved in either the treatment of abused children or in law enforcement or policy making. Viewed female sex offenders as lacking agency.
Kramer, Sherianne	2010	Discourse and Power in the Self-Perceptions of Incarcerated South African Female Sexual Offenders	Thesis				Child victim, adult perp
While most of the women were charged with rape, the actual sexual acts were by no means similar across the sample. Rather, they included a range of different acts including child prostitution, grievous bodily harm, indecent assault, the production of child pornography and child sexual abuse. Interestingly, all of the offences involved children as victims. Another significant observation regarding these offences is that most of them involved a male accomplice. Those women that acted alone blamed their sons for their crimes. Not a single participant felt that she was guilty of a crime. Most of the participants‟ perpetrations involved offences against their own children. However, these offences were discursively renegotiated so that the narratives of the crimes centered on the participant as a protective and caring mother. The participants thus not only upheld their subjective innocence but also problematized themselves as criminals by producing themselves as the protector rather than as the perpetrator.
Krishnakumar P; K. Satheesan, M. G. Geeta & K. Sureshkumar	2013	Prevalence and Spectrum of Sexual Abuse Among Adolescents in Kerala, South India	The Indian Journal of Pediatrics				Child victim, adult perp
A self- report survey 1,614 15–19 yr olds in selected schools. 36% of boys & 25% of girls reported that they had experienced sexual abuse at some point during their lifetime. Most instances were sexual advances (forcible kissing and genital groping) while using public transport.
Krug, R. S.	1989	Adult male reports of childhood sexual abuse by mothers: Case descriptions, motivations and long-term consequences.	Child Abuse and Neglect	13, 111-119			Child victim, adult perp
Small sample size multiple interviews with eight survivors (a total of 29 interviews), this article examines the impact of maternal sexual abuse on daughters
Kuyper, L., de Wit, J., Smolenski, D., Adam, P., Woertman, L., & van Berlo, W.	2013	Gender differences in patterns of experienced sexual coercion and associated vulnerability factors among young people in The Netherlands	Journal of interpersonal violence.				Child victim, adult perp
Online study of 1,319 young adults (16-25) from The Netherlands. Most common type sexual coercion both males and females reported experiencing was nagging, insisting and becoming angry or being taken advantage of while intoxicated.
Lab, Damon D. &Estelle Moore	2005	Prevalence and denial of sexual abuse in a male psychiatric inpatient population	Journal of Traumatic Stress	18, (4) 323–330, 2005			Child victim, adult perp
LaFortune-Brown, A.W.A.	2012	Gendered Media; a study of how newspapers frame educators involvement in statutory rape according to the gender of the adult	Masters thesis				Child victim, adult perp
Using cross tabulations, a quantitative content analysis was conducted. There are four key findings. First, the data show that newspapers will label male educators as predators more often than their female counterpart. Second, newspapers use more gentle and lenient language in their description of female educators who sexual abuse their students. Third, newspapers will use the term mentally ill more often in their description of female sexual offenders than a male sexual offender. These three key findings supports that the use of inflammatory descriptive terms or placating terms is dependent upon the gender of the offender and not the seriousness of their crime. In addition to these findings, this study also shows that American newspapers use more inflammatory language toward educators who sexually offend while United Kingdom newspapers use more innocuous terms. This may be attributed to the fact that it has only been since 2003 that sexual crimes against children by educators are treated more seriously by the Crown Prosecutors. 49% of the victims were male, 38.6% of the offenders were female
Lam, A., Mitchell, J., & Seto, M. C.	2010	Lay Perceptions of Child Pornography Offenders.	Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice	52(2), 173-201			Child victim, adult perp
Lambert, S.	2008	Issues in female sexual offending	Unpublished doctoral thesis		University College Cork		Child victim, adult perp
Lambert, S., & Hammond, S.	2009	Perspectives on Female Sexual Offending in an Irish Context	Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies	1(9)			Child victim, adult perp
Lambert, S., & O’Halloran, E.	2008	Deductive thematic analysis of a female paedophilia website.	Psychiatry, Psychology and Law	15(2), 284-300			Child victim, adult perp
Lamy,S., Delayenne H., & Thibaut,F	2015	A case of female hypersexuality and child abuse and review	archives of women's mental health	pages 1-3			Child victim, adult perp
Single case study of a mother with mental retardation (sic) and hypersexuality who victimized her son.
Landor, Roland V.; Susana A.	2012	Eisenchlas “Coming Clean” on Duty of Care: Australian Print Media’s Representation of Male Versus Female Sex Offenders in Institutional Contexts	Sexuality & Culture	16, 4, 486-502			Child victim, adult perp
Lane, K. E., & Gwartney-Gibbs, P. A.	1985	Violence in the context of dating and sex	Journal of Family Issues	6(1), 45-59			Child victim, adult perp
325 students with modified version of Conflict Tactics Scale, 1% of the women threatened to end a relationship if their partner didn’t have intercourse with them, 2.2% reported using continual pressure to obtain intercourse, 2.5% insulted partner to obtain sex, 1.8% got their partner drunk or high to get sex. About 1% of the women threatened or actually used force to get intercourse.
Lawson, L.	2008	Female Sex Offenders' Relationship Experiences. [285]	Violence and Victims	23(3), 331-343			Child victim, adult perp
Occasionally an offender took responsibility for the effect of her offense on her family but in general, offenders blamed their offenses on someone else. The 20 offenders had 28 reported victims. The victim's average age was 14 years (range 8-17); 22 were adolescents aged 13-17. There were 13 female victims and 15 male victims. The boys and girls were the same average age. In general, people were seen as disrespectful, judgmental and immature. Men in particular were seen as arrogant and demanding; women were thought to be bitchy and untrustworthy. They were almost exclusively self-referential. When discussing their offense, for example, they generally reported how it made them feel. When asked about the effects of the offense, they described the effect on themselves, most often in terms of what happened when they got caught. In the rare instances in which they answered questions about why they did what they did, they answered in terms of emotions and relationships, rarely acknowledging any sort of sexual response. When they verbalized their regret or said how bad they felt about what they had done, it was in relation to how their behavior had affected them. They expressed little regret for the impact on the victim. The ways these women behaved in social relationships reduced their chances of meeting their physical and personal needs. They could not see that their inability to meet their life goals was the result of their own actions, so they felt out of control of their lives and did not know why.
Le Bodic, Cédric, and Fabien Gouriou.	2010	La criminalité sexuelle commise par des femmes: critique méthodologique et épistémologique de quelques travaux nord-américains et français. (Sexual crimes committed by women: methodological and epistemological critique of some North American studies and French)	L'Evolution Psychiatrique	75, no. 1 (2010): 93-106			Child victim, adult perp
Lee, D.	2000	Hegemonic masculinity and male feminisation: The sexual harassment of men at work.	Journal of Gender Studies	9(2), 141-155			Child victim, adult perp
Lehrer, Jocelyn A , Evelyn L. Lehrer and Mary P. Koss	2012	Unwanted Sexual Experiences in Young Men: Evidence from a Survey of University Students in Chile	Archives of Sexual Behavior				Child victim, adult perp
The public health problem of unwanted sexual experiences (USE) in male youths has received little attention. In this study, we examined prevalence of USE, risk factors, contexts, and barriers to disclosure with data from a quantitative survey of students enrolled in General Education courses at a public university in Chile. This study focused on the male sample (N = 466). Approximately 20.4 % of participants reported some form of USE since age 14. Forced sex through physical coercion, forced sex through verbal coercion or while intoxicated, attempted forced sex, and less severe forms of USE were reported by 0.2, 10.1, 1.4, and 8.7 % of participants, respectively. USE before age 14 was reported by 9.4 % of participants and was a significant predictor of USE since age 14. The perpetrator of USE since age 14 was most commonly identified as a date/partner or friend/acquaintance; other findings on contexts and barriers to disclosure were also generally consistent with previous results in the literature. In addition, we found substantial co-occurrence of USE since age 14 with two other forms of coercion: physical dating violence victimization and coerced condom non-use. The study findings indicate a need for further attention to these public health problems and have implications for the development of violence and HIV/STI prevention programs for adolescent boys and young adult men in Chile and elsewhere. Evidence on the prevalence of USE in adolescent boys and young adult men is limited. In a multinational study of students enrolled in 38 universities, past-year physical coercion to have sex was reported by 2.8 % of male students who had been in a heterosexual relationship in the past year; the corresponding figure for verbal coercion was 22.0 % (Hines, 2007). In a sample drawn from 12 U.S. colleges, 22.2 % of male participants reported some form of USE over their lifetime, with 8.3 % reporting severe USE (involving threats and/or force) (Tewksbury & Mustaine, 2001). In a survey of University of Costa Rica students, 12.8 % of male students reported some form of USE before age 18 (Krugman, Mata, & Krugman, 1992). Approximately 10.5 % of men reported at least one lifetime USE occurrence in a survey of university students in Italy (Romito & Grassi, 2007). Analyses based on study populations outside the educational sector in various countries have also reported variable prevalence estimates (Cáceres, 2005; Choudhary et al., 2010; Olsson et al., 2000). In Chile’s 2000 National Survey of Sexual Behavior, administered to a representative urban sample of adults, 1.9 % of male participants responded affirmatively to the question “Have you ever been a victim of rape?” (Goldstein et al., 2000); other forms of USE were not assessed. The section in the questionnaire on USE began with a paragraph that established a context for recalling a range of such experiences, including incidents in which the participant may have been “asleep, drunk, or otherwise incapacitated,” and where “sex” was defined as vaginal, oral or anal sex. Participants were then asked to respond “yes” or “no” to the following items regarding USE since age 14: (1) someone tried to make me have sex by using threats, arguments or physical force, but this did not happen; (2) someone forced me to have sex using physical force; (3) someone forced me to have sex using threats or other verbal pressures; (4) someone had sex with me after I had been drinking or using drugs, and I was not in a condition to be able to stop what was happening; (5) aside from the types of sexual contact already mentioned, have you experienced any USE, such as forced kissing or grabbing? The participants ranged in age from 17 to 30 years, with a median of 20 years. Approximately 80.3 % lived in Santiago or another large urban area at age 14. A cross-tabulation of urbanicity and living arrangements showed a strong association: 90.7 % of the participants who lived in an urban area at age 14 resided in the parental home while attending college (p < .01). Other descriptive statistics are shown in Table 1. Approximately 9.4 % of participants reported USE before age 14; the perpetrators in the incidents viewed as most severe by the participants were most commonly a friend (23.1 %) and a family member or partner of family member (20.5 %). Other perpetrators were a boyfriend/girlfriend (15.4 %), sexual partner (2.5 %), classmate (7.7 %), teacher (2.6 %), stranger (2.6 %), and “other adult” (15.4 %); the remaining cases correspond to no recall (5.1 %) and no response (5.1 %). Panel A in Table 2 shows the percentage of participants who responded affirmatively to each USE item; some participants reported more than one form of USE. Approximately 77.1 % of incidents of forced sex since age 14 occurred when the participant was under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, unable to stop what was happening. Panel B classifies participants by the most severe form of USE since age 14. Overall, 20.4 % of the sample reported some form of USE in this period. The most severe type was physically-forced sex for 0.2 % of the sample and forced sex through verbal coercion or while intoxicated for 10.1 %. The dependent variable used in the multivariate models was based on the mutually exclusive categories in Panel B: it equals 3 (forced sex/attempts, 11.7 %), 2 (other forms of USE, 8.7 %) or 1 (no USE, 79.6 %). The perpetrator of the most severe incident in childhood was a family member or partner of a family member in eight cases (20.5 %). When we re-estimated Model 2 excluding these cases (to address the concern that our results might be driven by re-victimization by the same person), the AOR decreased but remained large and statistically significant. Participants who reported USE since age 14 (N = 85; 20.4 %) were asked questions about the contexts and disclosure of the incident since age 14 they viewed as most severe; the response rate for these items was approximately 80.0 %. The perpetrator was most commonly identified as a friend, other student, or acquaintance (50.7 %). Other common assailants were boyfriend/girlfriend or ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend (20.9 %) and a date (13.4 %). The remaining cases were reported to have involved strangers (7.5 %), family members (6.0 %) and teachers (1.5 %). The most commonly reported locations were a party (49.3 %) and the perpetrator or victim’s home (29.9 %). Consumption of alcohol and/or other drugs by the victim only, perpetrator only, or both, was involved in 8.7, 11.6, and 43.5 % of cases, respectively. Among participants who indicated USE since age 14, 74.3 % told someone about the incident; 65.7 % told a friend, 2.9 % told a psychologist or social worker, and none told a physician. None of the incidents of forced sex or attempts were reported to the police; the most frequently-endorsed reason for not doing so was “I did not think that what happened was sufficiently serious, or a crime” (50.0 %). Other salient reasons were “I wasn’t sure that the person who did this really wanted to hurt me” (14.3 %); “I felt ashamed” (14.3 %); “fear of revenge from the person who did this” (9.5 %), and “if I told the police, they would not respond” (7.1 %). Among participants who reported any lifetime USE (N = 108), 68.0 % indicated that the perpetrators had been “women only”; the other response options were “women and men” (11.5 %) and “men only” (20.5 %). The response rate for this survey item was 72.2 %. Approximately 32.0 % of study participants who reported any lifetime USE (before and/or since age 14) indicated that some or all of the perpetrators were men. A similar result was found in a study of university students in Italy, where one-third of lifetime USE reported by men involved male perpetrators (Romito & Grassi, 2007). Focusing on the complement of this statistic, approximately two-thirds of participants who reported any lifetime USE indicated female perpetrators only. Related research based on two community samples of young heterosexual men in Germany found that 25.1–30.1 % of participants had experienced female-perpetrated USE and that most men described these incidents as “moderately upsetting” (Krahé, Scheinberger-Olwig, & Bieneck, 2003); as emphasized by the authors of this study, it is unclear whether these findings (and similar earlier findings in the literature) reflect a genuine lack of strong adverse effects, or denial/minimization. A possible contributing factor is the inclusion of relatively “minor” incidents, such as forced kisses, in some USE definitions (Peterson et al., 2011). In addition, psychological impacts of coercion perpetrated by women may be mitigated by the fact that sexual activity with a woman, even under circumstances of coercion, is congruent with the stereotypical male role, unlike sexual activity with a man (Struckman-Johnson & Struckman-Johnson, 1994).
Letourneau, E. J., Schoenwald, S. K., & Sheidow, A. J.	2004	Children and adolescents with sexual behavior problems	Child maltreatment	9(1), 49-61			Child victim, adult perp
Levine, K. L.	2009	When Gender Meets Sex: An Exploratory Study of Women Who Seduce Adolescent Boys [294]	William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law	15(2),			Child victim, adult perp
use of term “seduce’ is inappropriate
Levine, S. B.	1982	A modern perspective on nymphomania	Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy	8(4), 316-324			Child victim, adult perp
Lewis, C. F., & Stanley, C. R.	2000	Women accused of sexual offenses.	Behavioral Sciences and the Law	18(1), 73-81			Child victim, adult perp
N=15, 2 of whom had a psychotic disorder, 1 with Schizophrenia, 6 had mental retardation.
Liem, J. H., O’Toole, J. G., & James, J. B.	1992	The need for power in women who were sexually abused as children: An exploratory study.	Psychology of Women Quarterly	16(4), 467-480			Child victim, adult perp
Lipshires, L.	1994	Female perpetration of child sexual abuse: An overview of the problem. www.canadiancrc.com/Newspaper_Articles/MovingF_Female_perpetrators_Child_sexual_abuse_JUL94.aspx	Moving Forward News journal	2(6).			Child victim, adult perp
Lisak, D., Hopper, J., & Song, P.	1996	Factors in the cycle of violence: Gender rigidity and emotional constriction	Journal of Traumatic Stress	9(4), 721-743			Child victim, adult perp
Logan, C.	2008	Sexual Deviance in Females: Psychopathology and Theory	Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment	486-507	New York: The Guilford Press	D. Laws & W. Donohue	Child victim, adult perp
Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W.	1895	The female offender			London: T. Fisher Unwin		Child victim, adult perp
Longdon, C.	1994	A survivor and therapist’s viewpoint.	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	47-56	New York: The Guilford Press	M. Elliott	Child victim, adult perp
MacHover, F., & Wieckowski, E.	1992	The 10FC Ten-Factor Continua of classification and treatment criteria for male and female sex offenders.	Medical Psychotherapy	5, 53-63			Child victim, adult perp
Mackelprang, E., Becker,J.V.	2015	Beauty and the Eye of the Beholder Gender and Attractiveness ffects Judgments in Teacher Sex Offense Cases	Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment	1-21 1079063215597646			Child victim, adult perp
N=432 college grads, read vignettes of 35 yr old teacher victimizing 14 yr old student.  Looked at how judgments about bail, incarceration and registration for sexual offending is effected by the perp's gender and attractiveness, all heterosexual versions. Female perps were viewed less harshly, given less punishment than males. Attractive females were treated better than unattractive ones, but this wasn't true for male perps.  Also suggested that unattractive FSOs may be viewed the same as MSOs.  Author notes an important issue in terms of hiring teachers.  Many school systems only use a background check for potential teachers that checks for felonies but an attractive FSO teacher could more easily plea down her charge than a MSO.  This wouldn't show up in many future background checks.
Maier, Thomas; Meichun Mohler-Kuo, Markus A. Landolt, Ulrich Schnyder & Andreas Jud	2013	The tip of the iceberg. Incidence of disclosed cases of child sexual abuse in Switzerland: results from a nationwide agency survey	International Journal of Public Health	‘7/2013			Child victim, adult perp
About 2.68 cases of CSA per 1,000 children per year are disclosed to agencies (1.11 in males, 4.33 in females). This is roughly twice the average incidence rate reported in methodologically similar studies from Canada, the US, and Australia. Mothers and other female adult caregivers as a group were suspected to be involved in 4.5 % of CSA case
Maison, S. R., & Larson, N. R.	1995	Psychosexual treatment program for women sex offenders in a prison setting	Nordisk Sexologi	13, 149-162.			Child victim, adult perp
Malacova, E., T. Butler, L. Yap, L. Grant, A. Richards, A. M. A. Smith, and B. Donovan.	2012	Sexual coercion prior to imprisonment: prevalence, demographic and behavioural correlates	International journal of STD & AIDS	23, no. 8 (2012): 533-539			Child victim, adult perp
surveyed 2351 randomly selected men and women, aged 18–64 years, in New South Wales and Queensland prisons who participated in a computer-assisted telephone interview. Around 14% of men self-reported having been sexually coerced prior to incarceration, with 60% of these experiences occurring before the age of 16 years. Factors independently associated with a self-reported history of sexual coercion were: homosexual and bisexual identity, being unable to work, separated marital status, having been paid for sex, a past sexually transmissible infection (among men), and a history of mental health problems. Prior sexual coercion was associated with unwanted sexual contact and physical assault while in prison
Maletzky, Barry M.	1997	Offender Gender	Sex Abuse: a Journal of Treatment and Research	9 (3) 1997			Child victim, adult perp
Editorial
Margolin, L.	1990	Child abuse by baby-sitters: An ecological interactional interpretation	Journal of Family Violence	5 (2), 95-105			Child victim, adult perp
Margolin, L.	1991	Abuse and neglect in non-parental child care: A risk assessment.	Journal of Marriage and the Family	53, 694-704			Child victim, adult perp
Margolin, L.	1991	Child sexual abuse by no-related caregivers	Child Abuse & Neglect	15, 213-221			Child victim, adult perp
Used info from 325 cases in Iowa Child Abuse Registry, found the most common situation for sexual abuse was by their regular babysitter. One third were committed by females, whose victims were 55% boys and 45% girls, with average age of 5.5 years.
Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L.	1989	Child sexual abuse by caretakers	Family Relations	450-455			Child victim, adult perp
Markham, D.	2002	Some facts about women religious and child abuse	Covenant,	41885			Child victim, adult perp
Used ad hoc sample of women religious treated at Southdown Institution (Canada) from 1993-2002, reported 0.7 percent of nuns admitted to sexual contact with minors and another 9% with other adults during adulthood.
Marvasti, J.	1986	Incestuous mothers	American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry	7, 63-69			Child victim, adult perp
Masters, R. E. L.	1963	Patterns of incest			Julian Press		Child victim, adult perp
Notes a case of mother-son incest
Mathes, Eugene W.	2013	Why Is There a Strong Positive Correlation Between Perpetration and Being a Victim of Sexual Coercion? An Exploratory Study	Journal of Family Violence	2013, 28 (8) 783-796			Child victim, adult perp
The purpose of this research was to determine if the correlation between perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion is due to a lack of self-control, a coercive lifestyle, or dysfunctional romantic relationships. Two hundred and sixty-two college students completed measures of perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion, lack of self-control, coercive lifestyle, romantic partner’s coercive lovestyle, and partner’s perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion. Support was not found for the lack of self-control and coercive lifestyle explanations; support was found for the dysfunctional relationships explanation. Multiple regression analyses found that the self-control variable that best (negatively) predicted both perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion was valuing long-term, committed romantic relationships. Interventions to prevent perpetration and being a victim of sexual coercion should focus not only on the individual victim/perpetrator but also on promoting functional romantic relationships.
Mathews, R.	1987	Female Sexual Offenders: Treatment and Legal Issues.			Orwell, VT: The Safer Society Press.		Child victim, adult perp
Mathews, R.	1993	Preliminary typology of female sex offenders	Information packet: Female sexual abusers		Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press	Safer Society	Child victim, adult perp
Mathews, R., Matthews, J. K., & Speltz, K.	1989	Female Sexual Offenders: An Exploratory Study.			Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press		Child victim, adult perp
Mathews, R., Matthews, J. K., & Speltz, K.	1990	Female sexual offenders	The Sexually Abused Male: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment	275-293	Lexington, MA: Lexington Books	M. Hunter	Child victim, adult perp
Matravers, A.	1998	Women sex offenders: An exploratory study	Prison Research and Development Bulletin	6			Child victim, adult perp
Matthews, J.	1998	11-year perspective of working with female sexual offenders	Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders	259-272	New York, NY: Plenum Press	W. L. Marshall, T. Ward, & S. M. Hudson	Child victim, adult perp
Matthews, J. K.	1994	Working with female sexual abusers	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	57-73	New York: The Guilford Press	M. Elliott	Child victim, adult perp
Matthews, J., Matthews, R., & Speltz, K.	1991	Female sex offenders: A typology	Family Sexual Abuse: Frontline Research and Evaluation	199-219	Newbury Park, NJ: Sage Publications, Inc.	M. Patton	Child victim, adult perp
Maxwell, Louise & Scott, Graham		A review of the role of radical feminist theories in the understanding of rape myth acceptance	Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice				Child victim, adult perp
Research into rape myth acceptance (RMA) first emerged in the 1970s, when authors such as Brownmiller (1975) and Burt (1980) proposed that rape was a mechanism that allowed men to exert power over women and that the endorsement of rape myths justified this sexual dominance. These influential theories have meant that subsequent definitions of rape myths have failed to acknowledge male victims of serious sexual assault, despite an increase in prevalence rates. More recent research has attempted to explore RMA in relation to male victims, with results suggesting that men are more likely than women to endorse rape myths regarding male victims when the victim is assumed to be homosexual, or when the victim is heterosexual and the perpetrator is female. Brownmiller's theory is challenged and a more holistic view of the importance of sex-role traditionality is explored, while acknowledging the contribution of individual factors relating to the development of RMA
Mayer, A.	1993	Adult female incest offenders: Treatment considerations	Treating Abuse Today	3(6), 21-26			Child victim, adult perp
Maynard, Carri, and Michael Wiederman	1997	Undergraduate students' perceptions of child sexual abuse: Effects of age, sex, and gender-role attitudes	Child Abuse & Neglect	21, no. 9 (1997): 833-844			Child victim, adult perp
N=404 college students who read 1 of 8 vignettes of child sexual abuse. Abuse where the victims who were 15 were seen as less abusive and the adult perp was seen as less responsible than the same cases with a 7 yr old. Heterosexual abuse was seen as less abusive than same-sex abuse.
McCartan, L. M., & Gunnison, E.	2009	Individual and Relationship Factors That Differentiate Female Offenders With and Without a Sexual Abuse History	Journal of Interpersonal Violence				Child victim, adult perp
McCarty, L.M.	1986	Mother-child incest: Characteristics of the offender	Child Welfare	65(5), 447-458			Child victim, adult perp
Typologies: Independent, Co-offending mothers or Accomplices. At Dallas Incest Tx program, had 29 mothers during 3 yr period (4% of their population), 26 were bio-mothers, 1 was step-mother, 1 was adoptive mother and 1 was biological mother’s female lover. 12 women were independent offenders. 11 out of 29 had female victims (age range 2-15 with average 6.4 yrs). 5 of these 7 had serious mental illnesses (history of inpatient hospitalizations). 8 of the 29 had male victims (4-17 yrs with average 9.6 yrs) and 1 abused both male and female victims. 8 of the 29 women had married by age 15 yrs old. Co-offending women tended to have multiple marriages, the independent offender tended to have one marriage. 8 of the independent offenders were in some form of ‘crisis’ at the onset of the offending, having a divorce or other relational change. Only 1 of the co-offending women was willing to leave her offending male partner in order to keep her children from being removed from the home and this was only due to agency intervention. All the Independent offenders and 80% of the co-offenders had average intelligence.
McClay, R.	1999	Female Sex Offenders: A Comparative Study of Beliefs and Attitudes of Mental Health Graduate Students and Non-mental Health Graduate Students.	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		San Francisco, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality		Child victim, adult perp
McCleary, R. & Tewksbury, R.	2010	Female Patrons of Porn	Deviant Behavior	31(2), 208-223			Child victim, adult perp
McCloskey, K. A. & Raphael, D. N.	2005	Adult Perpetrator Gender Asymmetries in Child Sexual Assault Victim Selection: Results from the 2000 National Incident-Based Reporting System.	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	14(4), 1-24			Child victim, adult perp
McCollum, J.	2010	The Romance of Henry James’s Female Pedophile	MP: an Online Feminist Journal	3(1), 39-56			Child victim, adult perp
McCrann, D., Lalor, K., & Katabaro, J. K.	2006	Childhood sexual abuse among university students in Tanzania	Child abuse & neglect	30(12), 1343-1351			Child victim, adult perp
8.8% of males reported a history of unwanted sexual intercourse by adult females. The male victims’ average age was 12.6 yrs.
McLeod, David Axlyn	2013	The Impact of Perpetrator Gender on Child Protective Services Sexual Abuse Cases: A National Picture	Dissertation Virginia Commonwealth U				Child victim, adult perp
Numerous calls for further research have been made, but relatively few studies have had the ability to shed significant light on this phenomenon on a national level. This project utilizes a dataset of virtually every reported child protective services case in the United States for the fiscal year 2010 in order to investigate the dynamics of perpetrator gender on child sexual offending in substantiated cases. Offense characteristics, as well as case level components, were assessed to investigate not only the differences in offending behavior but also the ways gender affects how offenders enter and exit our child protective systems and the services they receive while there. Extensive differences were uncovered as related to perpetrator gender. Models were informed by the female sexual offending literature. Practice and policy implications are discussed.
Medlicott, R. W.	1967	Parent-child incest	Australasian Psychiatry	1(4), 180-187			Child victim, adult perp
Notes the existence of mother-child incest.
Meiselman, Karin C.	1978	Incest: A psychological study of causes and effects with treatment recommendations.			Jossey-Bass		Child victim, adult perp
Mellor CS, Farid NR, Craig DF.	1988	Female hypersexuality treated with cyproterone acetate	American Journal of Psychiatry	145 (8) 1037			Child victim, adult perp
Case study of 31 yr old female who sexually assaulted an adult male, masturbated 6-8 times daily, sought help due to fears of sexually assaulting minor age males at her new job situation.
Mellor, D. & Deering, R.	2010	Professional response and attitudes toward female-perpetrated child sexual abuse: a study of psychologists, psychiatrists, probationary psychologists and child protection workers.	Psychology, Crime & Law	16(5), 415-438			Child victim, adult perp
Mendel, M.P.	1993	The male survivor: The impact of sexual abuse			London, UK: Sage		Child victim, adult perp
60% of the 121 males in study reported that their sexual abuser as children was female.
Merchant, Roland C., Tse Chiang Lau, Tao Liu, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Bruce M. Becker	2009	Adult sexual assault evaluations at Rhode Island emergency departments, 1995–2001	Journal of Urban Health	86, no. 1 (2009): 43-53			Child victim, adult perp
3.3% of victims were male, 59.3% sustained an anal assault, with average annual IR of ED visits at 1.2/100,000/yr. Also noted two female–female assaults
Messer, J., Maughan, B., Quinton, D., & Taylor, A.	2004	Precursors and correlates of criminal behaviour in women	Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health	14(2), 82-107			Child victim, adult perp
Miller, H. A., Turner, K., & Henderson, C. E.	2009	Psychopathology of Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Males and Females Using Latent Profile Analysis	Criminal Justice and Behavior	36: 8, 778-792			Child victim, adult perp
Categorized Female/Male sexual offenders using their answers to the PAI regarding their Defensiveness, Substance Use and Psychopathology. Females were more likely to be in the moderate or elevated psychopathology category.
Miller, Holly	2013	The Utility of Offending Pathways and Typologies in the Treatment of Female Sex Offenders	Poster Session ATSA 2013 Chicago				Child victim, adult perp
researchers (e.g., Gannon et al., 2010) have attempted to further develop theory and understanding of female sex offending by describing possible pathways. Although these pathways and typologies are utilized in attempt to contribute to theory development by revealing groups or clusters of demographic and other characteristics (such as personality, psychopathology, and victim relationship) that may be related to reoffending, most research remains descriptive only. Little research has examined whether these possible pathways and typologies offer any theoretical or in-depth understanding of female sex offenders for the purpose of treatment and management. The current study examined the demographic and offense variables of 125 incarcerated female sex offenders to determine which of the most popular/researched typologies would classify most of the sample and whether any differences in psychopathology and trauma symptoms were found between the clustered groups. Next the participants were classified into the three stable pathways to female sex offending (Gannon et al., 2010) and compared these groups of female sex offenders on measures of personality, psychopathology and trauma symptoms. The participants for the study included 125 current and past female sexual offenders completing the treatment program while incarcerated in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The average participant was 32 years old, single, White, with approximately 10 years of education. The sample had an average IQ of 91 and was almost evenly split between females who offended alone or with a male co-offender. The average length of sentence was 10 years with the most commonly occurring offenses of aggravated sexual assault of a child or sexual assault of a child. The majority of the sample had histories of being a victim of sexual and/or physical abuse as a child and an average of four previous arrests. Of the offenders with past arrests, 12 had previous sex offense arrests. The participants were given both the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) as part of their routine assessment into the treatment program. The participant’s files were also used to code offense, victim, and demographic information. The participants were then typed with five of the most commonly researched and discussed typologies for female sex offenders (with inter-rater reliability estimates). Classification rates for the five typologies ranged from 61% to 100% of the participants being able to fit into one of the clusters suggested by the typology. However, when the types were compared for significant differences of psychopathology, personality functioning, and trauma symptoms, no significant differences were found between any of the types (and typologies) examined. The female sex offenders were also placed into the three offending pathway groups suggested by Gannon et al. (2010) and compared on the measures of personality functioning, psychopathology, and trauma symptoms. Results indicated significant differences between the groups and provide more information than the typologies for theory development and the treatment of female sexual offenders. Utility of the offending pathway model and typologies for theory development and treatment are discussed.
Mirkin, H.	1999	The Pattern of Sexual Politics -- Feminism, Homosexuality and Pedophilia	Journal of Homosexuality	37(2), 1-24			Child victim, adult perp
Mitchell, J., & Morse, J.	1997	From Victim to Survivor: Women Survivors of Female Perpetrators			London: Taylor & Francis		Child victim, adult perp
Mohler-Kuo, Meichun, Markus A. Landolt, Thomas Maier, Ursula Meidert, Verena Schönbucher, and Ulrich Schnyder	2013	Child Sexual Abuse Revisited: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Among Swiss Adolescents	Journal of Adolescent Health				Child victim, adult perp
An epidemiological survey of nationally representative sample of 6,787 ninth-grade students (15.5 ± .66 years of age) in Switzerland. 9/09-5/10 assessed using the newly developed Child Sexual Abuse Questionnaire. Overall, 17.2% of boys reported having experienced at least one type of CSA event. Lifetime prevalence rates for boys was 14.9% for CSA without physical contact, 4.8% for CSA with physical contact without penetration, and 2.6% for CSA with penetration. More than 70% of male victims reported having been abused by juvenile perpetrators. Depending on the specific event, only 5.8%–38% of male victims disclosed CSA, mostly to peers
Moore, Ann M., Nyovani Madise, and Kofi Awusabo-Asare	2012	Unwanted sexual experiences among young men in four sub-Saharan African countries: prevalence and context	Culture, health & sexuality	14 (9) 2012: 1021-1035			Child victim, adult perp
This study examines the prevalence of unwanted sexual experiences at sexual debut as well as ever among young men aged 12–19 years old in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. The data come from nationally-representative surveys and in-depth interviews with approximately 50 young men in each country gathered around 2004. Between 4 and 12% of young men stated that they were ‘not willing at all’ at sexual debut and between 3 and 6% said that they had ever experienced unwanted sex. Narratives from in-depth interviews give insights into the context surrounding men's unwanted sexual experiences. The sometimes conflicting information provided by the respondents serve to confound rather than illuminate the contexts within which these unwanted sexual experiences occurred, demonstrating that coercion for young men looks extremely different than coercion for young women, spurring us to improve our measures of sexual coercion among men.
Moore, T.	2009	The female discount for sexual predators	Nashville Scene, News				Child victim, adult perp
Motz, A.	2001	Female sexual abuse of children	The Psychology of Female Violence: Crimes Against the Body	15-58	Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis	A. Motz	Child victim, adult perp
Moulden, H. M., Firestone, P., & Wexler, A. F.	2007	Child Care Providers who commit sexual offenses: A description of offender, offense and victim characteristics.	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	51(4), 384-406			Child victim, adult perp
Used archival Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System reports from the RCMP. N=14 adult female, 163 adult male, 28 juvenile female & 100 juvenile male sex offenders. Most of the female offenders used their position of authority as a means of contact with victims. Female offensive behaviors included fondling (most common behavior), digital penetration, insertion of object into victim, oral sex, intercourse and a single instance of bestiality. The adult female offenders had 1-4 victims, most were single. 100% of the offenses were listed as sexually motivated (deviant sexuality). Majority of victims were <5 yrs old with about half the victims each male/female. The adult female SOs were more violent to their victims and there is a single victim’s death listed in the study. The juvenile female SOs had between 1-4 victims each, majority of victims were <5 yrs old and 97% of the offenses were listed as sexually motivated. Majority of their victims were female.
Muehlenhard, C. L., & Kimes, L. A.	1999	The social construction of violence: The case of sexual and domestic violence	Personality and Social Psychology Review	3, 234-245			Child victim, adult perp
Mullen, Paul E., and David M. Fergusson	1999	Childhood sexual abuse: An evidence-based perspective		Vol. 40. Sage, 1999			Child victim, adult perp
1/5 of all child sexual abusers are female
Murray, J. B.	2000	Psychological Profile of Pedophiles and Child Molesters	The Journal of Psychology	134(2), 211-224			Child victim, adult perp
Murrell, A. J., & Dietz‐Uhler, B. L.	1993	Gender identity and adversarial sexual beliefs as predictors of attitudes toward sexual harassment	Psychology of Women Quarterly	17(2), 169-175			Child victim, adult perp
Nadkarni, A., Dean, K., Weiss, H. A., & Patel, V.	2011	Prevalence and correlates of perpetration of violence among young people: a population-based survey from Goa, India	Asia-Pacific journal of public health/Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health				Child victim, adult perp
N=3,663 Indian youths age 16-24. Perpetration of violence during last 12 months was 10.2% prevalence. For males, being a victim of forced sexual intercourse was associated with perpetration of violence.
Nasjleti, M.	1980	Suffering in silence: the male incest victim	Child Welfare	59(5), 269-275			Child victim, adult perp
Study of the treatment of adolescent male victims (12-17) of incest. Notes the significant negative effects of sexual victimization by a mother or mother-surrogate. The author noted that most male child victims would not discuss their experiences regardless of gender of therapist. Saw this as related to the way males are constructed in society, are told they can’t rely on others or display dependence, aren’t supposed to express feelings or admit victimization.
Nathan, P., & Ward, T.	2001	Female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues	Psychiatry, Psychology, & Law	8, 44-55			Child victim, adult perp
Nathan, P., & Ward, T.	2001	Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features	Journal of Sexual Aggression	8(1), 5-21			Child victim, adult perp
Nelson, A., & Oliver, P.	1998	Gender and the Construction of Consent in Child-Adult Sexual Contact: Beyond Gender Neutrality and Male Monopoly	Gender & Society	12(5), 554-577			Child victim, adult perp
Neither legalistic gender-neutral categories nor prior feminist theories adequately capture all of the gender dynamics of child sexual abuse. Surveys of 923 young adults, 88 of whom reported sexual contact with adults before they were 16, complemented by intensive follow-up interviews with 18 reporting contact, reveal that gendered constructions of sexuality and dominance make the experience of abuse significantly different for boys and girls. Girls nearly always had contact with men and tended to experience it as harmful abuse. Boys were more likely to have contact with women than with men; they generally interpreted contact with women as consensual, but their contact with men as abusive. Extensions of feminist gender analysis are required to explain these patterns.
Nelson, E. D.	1994	Females who sexually abuse children: A discussion of gender stereotypes and symbolic assailants	Qualitative Sociology	17(1), 63-88			Child victim, adult perp
O’Connor, A.A.	1987	Female sex offenders	British Journal of Psychiatry	150, 615-620			Child victim, adult perp
Used incarcerated sample of 81 women
O’Dougherty-Wright, M., Norton, D. L., & Matusek, J. A.	2010	Predicting verbal coercion following sexual refusal during a hookup: Diverging gender patterns	Sex Roles	62 (9-10), 647-660			Child victim, adult perp
College sample who had experiences of wanting more sexual contact than their heterosexual partner wanted; 14% of the women admitted to having this rejecting experience. Females reported stronger negative responses, likely because the male’s refusal was a significant expectancy violation. Women had significantly higher ratings of anger, rejection, embarrassment, frustration and surprise. Women who felt rejected were 2.39 times more likely to coerce. Embarrassed women were signkellificantly less likely to coerce. Interestingly, women who had hostility towards other women were more likely to coerce.
O’Shea, K. A., & Fletcher, B. R.	1997	Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography			Westport, CT: Greenwood		Child victim, adult perp
O'Brien, M. J.	1991	Taking sibling incest seriously	Family sexual abuse: Frontline research and evaluation		Sage	Patton, M. Q.	Child victim, adult perp
Suggests that Child Protection Services manage cases of sexual offending more often than do law enforcement agencies if the victim and perp are related. (Therefore, they may be a source of info on un-official recidivism rates).
Office of the Under Secretary	2004	Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature			Washington, DC		Child victim, adult perp
Ogilvie, B.	2004	Mother-daughter incest: A guide for helping professionals	New York: Haworth Press				Child victim, adult perp
Ogilvie, B., & Daniluk, J.	1995	Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling	Journal of Counseling and Development	73, 598-602			Child victim, adult perp
Ogilvie, BA.	1992	The experience of Mother-daughter incest	Unpublished Master’s Thesis		University of British Columbia		Child victim, adult perp
Ogilvie,B., & Daniluk,J	1995	Common themes in the experiences of mother-daughter incest survivors: Implications for counseling	Journal o Counseling and Development	73, 598-602			Child victim, adult perp
Ogilvie,BA	1992	The experience of Mother-daughter incest	Unpublished Master's thesis University of British Columbia				Child victim, adult perp
Okonkwo, J. E., & Ibeh, C. C.	2003	Female sexual assault in Nigeria	International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics	83(3), 325-326			Child victim, adult perp
Oliver, B. E.	2007	Preventing Female-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse	Trauma Violence & Abuse	8 (1) 19-32			Child victim, adult perp
Noted that the issue of deviant sexual arousal including child-oriented sexual fantasies, is largely ignored in the field. Suggested addressing cognitive distortions in female sex offenders, using babysitting-training classes to teach that exploratory behavior with children is abuse rather than play. Recommended educating teachers that teacher-student relationships are inappropriate.
Palmero, G.	2003	Female Offenders in a Changing Society	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	47(1), 493-497			Child victim, adult perp
Paolucci, E. O., Genuis, M. L., & Violato, C.	2001	A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse	The Journal of Psychology	135(1), 17-36			Child victim, adult perp
Patel, Vikram, and Gracy Andrew	2001	Gender, sexual abuse and risk behaviours in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey in schools in Goa	National Medical Journal of India	14, no. 5 (2001): 263-266			Child victim, adult perp
rural boys were more likely to have experienced coercive sexual intercourse than urban boys (10.3% v. 2.5%). The commonest perpetrators for boys were older students or friends (80%). The study did not report the gender of the perps despite noting that boys were coerced into sexual intercourse.
Pearson, P.	1997	When She Was Bad: Violent Women & the Myth of Innocence	New York: Viking Press				Child victim, adult perp
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gomez-Benito, J.	2009	The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis	Clinical Psychology Review	29(4), 328-338			Child victim, adult perp
Perrott, S. B., & Webber, N.	1996	Attitudes toward male and female victims of sexual assault: Implications for services to the male victim	Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality	8(4), 19-38			Child victim, adult perp
N=180 college students read sexual assault vignettes. Female victims were seen as more responsible for their victimization by not expecting it. Male victims were seen as responsible for not having fought off their perps.
Peter, T.	2006	Mad, Bad, or Victim? Making Sense of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse	Feminist Criminology	1, 4, 283 - 302			Child victim, adult perp
Peter, T.	2008	Speaking About the Unspeakable. Exploring the Impact of Mother Daughter Sexual Abuse	Violence Against Women	9, 1033-1053			Child victim, adult perp
Peter, T.	2009	Exploring Taboos: Comparing Male and Female Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	7, 1111 – 1128			Child victim, adult perp
Used 1998 data from Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse & Neglect, with 37 female sex offenders (11%). Females abused younger children than males did. The majority of children came from families with lower socioeconomic status although one in five victims of female-perpetrated sexual abuse came from middle-class homes. Referrals to child welfare agencies were more likely to be made by non-professionals when females abused. Slightly more male victims than female victims. no significant difference between age for male and female perpetrators. Female perps were more likely to sexually abuse two or more children (45.9%, n = 17). In 23.5% (n = 8) of the cases at least one of the alleged perpetrators was the mother. In female-perpetrated sexual abuse, 23.5% (n = 8) involved a co-perpetrator. On average, victims were younger for female perpetrated compared to male counterparts. 92% (n = 34) of female-perpetrated sexual abuse victims were under the age of 9 years. 70.3% of female cases were contact crimes (fondling or attempted penetration)
Pflugradt, D. M. & Allen, B. P.	2010	An Exploratory Analysis of Executive Functioning for Female Sexual Offenders: A Comparison of Characteristics Across Offense Typologies	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	19(4), 434-449			Child victim, adult perp
Examined association between female SO behavior patterns (based on Sandler and Freeman's 2007 study). The sample included all referrals for sexual offender assessments within a women's maximum/medium security prison between January 2009 and October 2009. Gave all the Stroop & Reitan’s Trail Making. Found no significant association between test scores and typology category.
Pflugradt, D., & Allen, B.	2013	Static risk factors predict sexual misconduct among incarcerated female sexual offenders	Journal of Sexual Aggression	(ahead-of-print), 1-9			Child victim, adult perp
This study evaluated if there was an association between static risk factors [as delineated by the Static-99 and Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offender Recidivism (RRASOR)] and institutional sexual misconduct for incarcerated female sexual offenders. In addition to demographic information, total Static scores were obtained from a file review along with institutional conduct reports. The STATIC-99 and RRASOR scores from intake information significantly predicted sexual conduct reports in prison.
Pflugradt, Dawn & Allen Bradley	2013	Female Solo Offenders of Pre-Pubescent Children: A Preliminary Description of Discriminatory Behavioral and Offense Characteristics	Poster Session ATSA conference 2013 Chicago				Child victim, adult perp
The general consensus among researchers is that the prevalence of sexual paraphilias among female sexual offenders, as defined by current diagnostic nosologies, is relatively low as compared to male sexual perpetrators ( Logan, 2008). There are recent studies, however, which have identified gender specific paraphilic behaviors and symptoms among females who committed sexual assaults (Pflugradt & Allen, 2012). This study examined a unique sample of female sexual offenders (N=12) who were not only diagnosed with pedophilia but who also committed the sexual assaults without a co-offender. Archival data was examined and categorized according to the five broad treatment domains identified by Cortoni and Gannon (2011) which arguably are similar to the long term psychological vulnerabilities for males described by Mann, Hanson & Thornton (2010). The specific domains included: cognitive processes; emotional processes; intimacy and relationship issues; sexual dynamics; and social functioning. A list of behaviors and symptoms was generated within these domains and an exploratory analysis was conducted to evaluate if they differentiated the females identified as pedophiles from those who did not have the diagnosis.
Pflugradt, Dawn M., and Bradley P. Allen	2013	Identifying Sadists Among Female Sexual Offenders Using the Cumulative Scale of Severe Sexual Sadism	Sexual Offender Treatment	8,(1) 2013			Child victim, adult perp
Pflugradt, Dawn, and Bradley Allen	2012	A grounded theory analysis of sexual sadism in females	Journal of Sexual Aggression	18, no. 3 (2012): 325-337			Child victim, adult perp
Pierce, L. H., & Pierce, R. L.	1987	Incestuous victimization by juvenile sex offenders	Journal of Family Violence	2(4), 351-364			Child victim, adult perp
7 (19%) of their sample of 37 juvenile sex offenders were female
Pino, Nathan W., and Robert F. Meier	1999	Gender differences in rape reporting	Sex roles	40, (11-12) (1999): 979-990			Child victim, adult perp
Whereas men fail to report rape when it jeopardizes their masculine self-identity, women fail to report rape when the rape does not fit the classic stereotypical rape situation.
Platt, Jason J. & Dean M. Busby	2009	Male Victims: The Nature and Meaning of Sexual Coercion	The American Journal of Family Therapy	37,(3), 2009			Child victim, adult perp
Plummer, K.	1981	Pedophilia: Constructing a psychological baseline	Adult Sexual Interest in Children		London: Academic Press	M. Cook & K. Howells	Child victim, adult perp
Plummer,K.	1981	Pedophillia: Constructing a psychological baseline	In M. Cook & K Howells (Eds.) Adult Sexual Interest in Children		London:Academic Press		Child victim, adult perp
Poels, V.	2007	Risk Assessment of Recidivism of Violent and Sexual Female Offenders	Psychiatry, Psychology and Law	14(2), 227-250			Child victim, adult perp
Pothast, H. L., & Allen, C. M.	1994	Masculinity and femininity in male and female perpetrators of child sexual abuse	Child Abuse and Neglect	18(9), 763-767			Child victim, adult perp
Price-Robertson, R.	2012	Fathers with a history of child sexual abuse	Australian Institute of Family Studies	CFCA PAPER NO 6			Child victim, adult perp
Price-Robertson,R.	2012	Child sexual abuse, masculinity and fatherhood	Journal of Family Studies	18(2-3),130-142			Child victim, adult perp
Priebea, Gisela & Carl Göran Svedin	2008	Child sexual abuse is largely hidden from the adult society: An epidemiological study of adolescents’ disclosures	Child Abuse & Neglect	32 (2008) 1095–1108			Child victim, adult perp
A sample of 4,339 high school seniors (2,324 girls, 2,015 boys) was examined with a questionnaire concerning sexual experiences in this study with a focus on disclosure of sexual abuse (non-contact, contact or penetrating abuse, and including peer abuse). Results: Of the sample, 1,505 girls (65%) and 457 boys (23%) reported experience of sexual abuse. The disclosure rate was 81% (girls) and 69% (boys). Girls and boys disclosed most often to a friend of their own age. 30.9% of boys felt they had no one to disclose to. Few had disclosed to professionals. Even fewer said that the incident had been reported to the authorities. Logistic regression showed that it was less likely for girls to disclose if they had experienced contact sexual abuse with or without penetration, abuse by a family member, only a single abuse occasion or if they had perceived their parents as non-caring. Boys were less likely to disclose if they studied a vocational program, lived with both parents or had perceived their parents as either caring and overprotective or non-caring and not overprotective
Quattrini, F., & Costantini, A.	2011	Differenze di genere nel comportamento pedofilo: la pedofilia	Riv. Sessuol	Vol. 35 - n. 2 Aprile/Giugno 2011			Child victim, adult perp
Ramsey-Klawsnik, H.	1990	Sexual abuse by female perpetrators: Impact on children	Proceedings of the National Symposium on Child Victimization		Tyler, TX: Family Violence and Sexual Assault Institute		Child victim, adult perp
only 1 out of 83 female sexual offenders were subjected to criminal prosecution
Reckling, A. E.	2005	Mother-Daughter Incest -- When Survivors Become Mothers	Journal of Trauma Practice	3(2), 49-71			Child victim, adult perp
Reckling,A.E.	2005	Mother-Daughter Incest--When Survivors Become Mothers	Journal of Trauma Practice	3(2), 49-71			Child victim, adult perp
Reid, Stephanie S.		Bad Bad Teacher!: How Judicial Lenience, Cultural Ignorance, and Media Hype Have Inevitably Lead to Lighter Sentences, Underreporting and Glamorization of Female Sex Offenders					Child victim, adult perp
Renvoize, Jean	1985	Incest: A family pattern		120-142	London: Routledge		Child victim, adult perp
Mentions Maternal incest including mother-daughter incest.
Ring, L.	2005	Psychometric profiles of female sexual abusers: A preliminary analysis into the differences between sexually abusive and non-offending females	Unpublished master’s thesis		University of Birmingham, United Kingdom		Child victim, adult perp
N=46 British F.S.O.s compared to 27 non-offending British mothers & 140 British M.S.O.s. F.S. O.s endorsed significantly more offense-supportive cognitive distortion statements than did non-offending females, with solo F.S.O.s having the most deficits. There wasn’t any difference between male and female sex offenders in terms of their empathy deficits and offense-supportive distortions.
Robinson, S.	1998	‘From victim to offender: Female offenders of child sexual abuse	European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research	6, 59−73			Child victim, adult perp
Robson, M.	1996	An overview of the literature about female sexual offending	Social Work Review	6, September			Child victim, adult perp
Robson, M., & Lambie, I.	2013	Psychological and Behavioural Characteristics of Females who Sexually Offend: Insights from Psychotherapeutic Work in New Zealand	Sexual Abuse in Australia & New Zealand	5(1). 33-39			Child victim, adult perp
Focuses on attachment theory
Roe‐Sepowitz, Dominique, and Judy Krysik	2008	Examining the sexual offenses of female juveniles: The relevance of childhood maltreatment	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry	78, no. 4 (2008): 405-412			Child victim, adult perp
Rogers, Paul, and Michelle Davies	2007	Perceptions of Victims and Perpetrators in a Depicted Child Sexual Abuse Case Gender and Age Factors	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	22, no. 5 (2007): 566-584			Child victim, adult perp
N=337 British students and public, read vignette with varied victim age, sex and perp sex. . Responses factors were Victim Culpability, Victim Typicality, Perp Culpability, Assault Severity, Victim Credibility. Male Perps seen as more culpable, their assaults more severe and their victims more credible. Female Perps were seen as less culpable, their assaults less severe and their victims less credible. The 10 yr old male victim was attributed negative evaluations when he was assaulted by a woman, were viewed as having a causal role in their assault.
Rosencrans, B., & Bear, E.	1997	The Last Secret: Daughters Sexually Abused by Mothers			Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press		Child victim, adult perp
N= 93 cases clinical sample. 70% of mothers did not molest with a co-perpetrator
Rothstein, A.	1979	Oedipal conflicts in narcissistic personality disorders	The International Journal of Psychoanalysis				Child victim, adult perp
Notes a case of mother-son incest
Rowan, E. L., Langelier, P., & Rowan, J. B.	1988	Female pedophiles	Corrective and Social Psychiatry and Journal of Behavior Technology Methods and Therapy	34(3), 17-20			Child victim, adult perp
Rowan, E. L., Rowan, J. B., & Langelier, P.	1990	Women who molest children	Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law	18, 79-83			Child victim, adult perp
N=600 sex offenders in both New Hampshire (CJS) and Vermont (CJS and social services); about 1.5% female S.O.s
Rowan,E.L., Rowan, J.B., & Langelier,P.	1990	Women who molest children	Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law	18, 79-83			Child victim, adult perp
N=600 sex offenders in both New Hampshire (CJS) and Vermont (CJS and social services); about 1.5% female S.O.s
Roys, D. T.	1996	Psychoeducational Curriculum for Adult Female Sex Offenders	Atlanta, GA: Highland Institute for Behavioral Change				Child victim, adult perp
Rudominer, H. S.	2002	Consummated mother-son incest in latency: a case report of an adult analysis	Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association	50(3), 909-935			Child victim, adult perp
Case of a male who was molested by his mother until age 11, when she died
Rumney, P.	2007	In Defense of Gender Neutrality within Rape.	Seattle Journal of Social Justice	6, 481			Child victim, adult perp
Russell, B. L., & Oswald, D. L	2002	Sexual coercion and victimization of college men: the role of love styles	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	17 (3) 273-285			Child victim, adult perp
N=173 university undergrad heterosexual males. Gave Sexual Experiences Survey, Love Attitudes Scale. Found 14.5% had been a victim of physical aggression for sex, 11.6% experienced verbal sexual coercion and 17.5% experienced both. 5.8% were the victim of intercourse because of physical force, 30.6% had intercourse because partner gave them drugs/alcohol. And 9.94% had partners threaten them in order to coerce sex.
Russell, D.	1986	Female incest perpetrators: How do they differ from males, and why are there so few?	The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women		New York: Basic Books	D. Russell	Child victim, adult perp
Russell, D., & Finkelhor, D.	1984	The gender gap among perpetrators of child sexual abuse	Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment	215-31	Beverly Hills, CA: Sage	D. Russell	Child victim, adult perp
Ryan, E. P., Hunter, J. A., & Murrie, D. C	2012	Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment for Mental Health Professionals.			Oxford University Press.		Child victim, adult perp
Ryan, G., & Grayson, J.	1989	Female sex offenders	Interchange: Cooperative Newsletter of the Adolescent Perpetrator Network	June			Child victim, adult perp
Saewyc, E. M., Taylor, D., Homma, Y., & Ogilvie, G.	2008	Trends in sexual health and risk behaviors among adolescent students in British Columbia	The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality	17(1), 1-14			Child victim, adult perp
note - questioned 1,845 Canadian homeless youths: 79% of boys had been sexually abused or exploited by a woman
Sahl, Daniel & Jennifer Reid Keene	2010	The sexual double standard and gender differences in predictors of perceptions of adult-teen sexual relationships	Sex Roles	62(3) 264-277			Child victim, adult perp
Looked at perceptions of the damage done by adult-adolescent sexual behavior, found that older and male perps were viewed more negatively than younger and/or female perps and more worthy of longer sentences. Female victims were seen as experiencing more negative consequences than male victims.
Sahl, Daniel & Jennifer Reid Keene	2012	The Effects of Age, Authority, and Gender on Perceptions of Statutory Rape Offenders	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	2012 27 (18) 3701-3722			Child victim, adult perp
Study focused on people’s willingness to term someone a ‘sexual offender’. Notes that sexual scripts portray adolescent females as emotionally damaged by sexual activity but the same activity conveys maturity on the adolescent male. N=2.838 mostly college students. Used vignettes of 40+ female/male teacher & 15 yr old male/female student who have intercourse. Participants could rate on levels of intimacy for motivation, use of term ‘sexual predator’, recommend placement on Registry and recommend Restricted access to minors. Participants were more likely to ascribe Intimacy as a motivator for the female perp than the male perp., were more likely to use term Sexual Predator with male perp.
Saleh, F. M., Grudzinskas Jr, A. J., Bradford, J. M., & Brodsky, D. J.	2009	Sex offenders: identification, risk assessment, treatment, and legal issues	Oxford Press	276-285			Child victim, adult perp
Tiny chapter on female sex offenders
Salter, D., McMillan, D., Richards, M., Talbot, T., Hodges, J., Bentovim, A., Hastings, R. Stevenson, J. & Skuse, D.	2003	Development of sexually abusive behaviour in sexually victimised males: a longitudinal study	The Lancet	361(9356), 471-476			Child victim, adult perp
Sandler, J. C., & Freeman, N. J.	2007	Topology of Female Sex Offenders: A Test of Vandiver and Kercher.	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	19, 73-89			Child victim, adult perp
Using all 390 female sex offenders registered in New York State for rape, incest, sodomy, sexual misconduct, sexual abuse, promoting sexual performance by a child, kidnapping/unlawful imprisonment, patronizing/promoting prostitution. Mostly white, average age 33 yrs, average victim age 11.9 yrs, 56.9% of victims were male.
Sandler, J. C., & Freeman, N. J.	2009	Female Sex Offender Recidivism: A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	21, 455-473			Child victim, adult perp
N=1,466 convicted of a sexual offense in New York State, mostly white and average age at first arrest was 28 yrs. 36.4% convicted of sexual abuse, 18.8% convicted of rape, 16.3% of nonconsensual sodomy or oral sex, 11.8% for ‘sexual misconduct’, 5.1% for promoting prostitution of a minor, 3.5% for forcible touching; 3.1% for aggravated sexual abuse, 2.5% for promoting/possessing a sexual act by a child and 1% for incest and less than 1% each for child sexual abuse, patronizing minor age prostitute, obscenity and unlawful surveillance. 1.8% had an arrest for a sex crime within 5 years. (For comparison, only 87.5% of the female sex offenders rearrested for a sexual crime were eventually reconvicted of a sexual crime, giving an overall sexual reconviction rate of 1.9 %.). However, they included promoting prostitution of a minor in the ‘re-arrest for sexual offense’ definition, which skewed the results; 31.2% of the re-arrests for were for this.
Saradjian, J.	1994	The trauma associated with childhood sexual abuse when the perpetrator is a woman	unpublished paper				Child victim, adult perp
Saradjian, J.	1996	Women Who Sexually Abuse Children: From Research to Clinical Practice			London: John Wiley & Sons		Child victim, adult perp
Schatzel-Murphy Elizabeth Anne	2011	Expanding a Model of Female Heterosexual Coercion: Are Sexually Coercive Women Hyperfeminine?					Child victim, adult perp
The present study aimed to replicate a preliminary model of female heterosexual coercion and subsequently expand the model with gender- and race-related variables. The preliminary model, which specified sexual compulsivity, sexual dominance, socio-sexuality, and prior sexual abuse, as predictors of female heterosexual coercion, was sufficiently replicated with a racially diverse sample of college women. The model was then successfully expanded by adding rape myth acceptance and hyper-femininity to the model. Hyper-femininity was found to be a core predictor of female heterosexual coercion, challenging the notion that sexual coercion is an inherently ―masculine behavior. Actual minority status, perceived minority status, and ethnocentrism were found to moderate the fit of the model only slightly, suggesting that the model may be adequate, though perhaps not ideal, for predicting heterosexual coercion among women who identify as racial minorities and who are differentially impacted by oppression and privilege in U.S. society. Findings were discussed within a feminist framework and interpretations were informed by sexual script theory. Future directions for research into female heterosexual coercion were also proposed.
Schmidt,S., & Pierce,K	2004	NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders	University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Center on Child Abuse and Neglect				Child victim, adult perp
Schwartz, B. K., & Cellini, H. R.	1995	Female sex offenders	The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice	5-1 – 5-22	Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Press, Inc	B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini	Child victim, adult perp
Schwartz, M. F.	1991	Victim to Victimizer	Professional Counselor	43-46			Child victim, adult perp
Sgroi, S., & Sargent, N., M.	1994	Impact and treatment issues for victims of childhood sexual abuser by female perpetrators	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	14-36	New York: The Guilford Press	M. Elliott	Child victim, adult perp
Shakeshaft, Carol	2004	Educator Sexual Misconduct; a synthesis of existing literature	US Dept of Education, Policy and Program Studies Service				Child victim, adult perp
Reviewed 24 empirical studies of educator sexual misconduct, including cases in the USA, UK, Canada; Prevalence in USA: between 3.7%-50.3% of students reported experiencing educator sexual misconduct; Mostly teachers, substitute teachers and athletic coaches; Female teachers represented about 20% (average) of cases; up to 43% in some studies; Average age of perp: 28 Typologies: offended against elementary school age victims (were more duplicitous) versus offended against middle school age+ victims (more impulsive).
Shultz,L.G., & Jones,P.	1983	Sexual abuse of children: Issues for social service and health professionals	Child Welfare: Journal of Policy,Practice,and Program				Child victim, adult perp
N=267 WV college students survey on child sexual abuse history.  13% of perps were female.
Shumba, A.	2004	Male sexual abuse by female and male perpetrators in Zimbabwean schools	Child Abuse Review	13(5), 353-359			Child victim, adult perp
Simons D, Heil P, Burton D & Gursky, M.	2008	Developmental and offense histories of female sexual offenders	Presented at 27th ATSA, Atlanta GA October 2008				Child victim, adult perp
Simons, D. A., Wurtele, S. K., & Durham, R. L.	2008	Developmental experiences of child sexual abusers and rapists	Child Abuse & Neglect	32(5), 549-560			Child victim, adult perp
N=269 incarcerated (Colorado) sexual offenders (137 rapists and 132 child sexual abusers). Child sexual offenders were more likely to have been sexually abused as children, and 47% reported their perp was female. Rapists reported significantly less sexual abuse during their childhoods but were more likely to report a single episode of sexual abuse by a female acquaintance (e.g. neighbor).
Simpson, Tracy L., and William R. Miller	2002	Concomitance between childhood sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems: A review	Clinical Psychology Review	22, no. 1 (2002): 27-77			Child victim, adult perp
Men with histories of CSA were found to be at greater risk for SUPs than men in the general population
Smith, K. T.	2013	College Students’ Punitive Attitudes toward Five Types of Sex Offenders: Examining Factors that Influence Punitive Preferences	Thesis				Child victim, adult perp
Smith,H., Fromuth,M., & Morris,C	1997	Effects of gender on perceptions of child sexual abuse	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	6, 51-63			Child victim, adult perp
sexual perpetration by females is often viewed as less serious than perpetration by males
Snyder, E. R.	2008	The female-to-male rape myths scale: initial scale development	PhD Thesis				Child victim, adult perp
Snyder, H.	2000, July	Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics.	American Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse				Child victim, adult perp
About 12% of perps of sexual abuse of kids under age of 6 yrs are female and 1% of sexual assaults against adults (only cases reported to police). In 2002, 3% of juveniles arrested for rape and 9% arrested for other sex crimes (not prostitution) were female
Solis, O. Lizette & Elissa P. Benedek	2012	Female sexual offenders in the educational system: A brief overview	Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic	Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 172-188			Child victim, adult perp
Solomon, J. C.	1992	Child sexual abuse by family members: A radical feminist perspective	Sex Roles	27(9-10), 473-485			Child victim, adult perp
Song, L., Lieb, R., & Donnelly, S.	1993	Female Sex Offenders in Washington State [426]	Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy				Child victim, adult perp
Sorenson, S. B., Stein, J. A., Siegel, J. M., Golding, J. M., & Burnam, M.A.	1987	The prevalence of adult sexual assault; the Los Angeles epidemiological catchment area project	American Journal of Epidemiology	126(6), 1154-1164			Child victim, adult perp
Sorsoli, Lynn; Maryam Kia-Keating & Frances K. Grossman	2008	“I Keep That Hush-Hush”: Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse and the Challenges of Disclosure	Journal of Counseling Psychology	2008, 55, (3), 333–345			Child victim, adult perp
Disclosure is a prominent variable in child sexual abuse research, but little research has examined male disclosure experiences. Sixteen male survivors of childhood sexual abuse were interviewed regarding experiences of disclosure. Analytic techniques included a grounded theory approach to coding and the use of conceptually clustered matrices. Participants described distinct personal (e.g., lack of cognitive awareness, intentional avoidance, emotional readiness, and shame), relational (e.g., fears about negative repercussions, isolation), and sociocultural (e.g., lack of acceptance for men to experience or acknowledge victimization) reasons for their struggles with disclosure. These results highlight that barriers to disclosure exist in multiple domains of experience and are encountered across the lifespan.
Spitzberg, B. H.	1999	An analysis of empirical estimates of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration	Violence and victims	14(3), 241-260			Child victim, adult perp
Spohn, C	2008	How do judges decide?: the search for fairness and justice in punishment			SAGE Publications Inc.		Child victim, adult perp
Chapter 4, Sentencing Disparity & Discrimination, p127-168, includes discussion of gender discrepancies in sentencing in general and on cases of sex offending by females in particular.
Spohn, Cassia, and Dawn Beichner	2000	Is preferential treatment of female offenders a thing of the past? A multisite study of gender, race, and imprisonment	Criminal Justice Policy Review	11, no. 2 (2000): 149-184			Child victim, adult perp
Spohn, R. E	2013	Nebraska Sex Offender Registry Study	University of Nebraska Omaha Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publication paper 17				Child victim, adult perp
Female registered sexual offenders make up 3.7% of 6,440 cases in Nebraska (238)
Stander, V. A., Olson, C. B., & Merrill, L. L.	2002	Self-definition as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse among navy recruits	Journal of consulting and clinical psychology	70(2), 369			Child victim, adult perp
Study of 5969 male navy recruits, asked if ever had sex while a minor with someone 5 years older than them (criteria for sexual abuse), whether intra- or extra-familial, whether or not they self-identified as a ‘victim’. 23% of the males reported childhood sexual experience as a minor with someone at least 5 years older than them and another 3% reported this with an immediate or extended family member. Noted that men in extra-familial group who defined themselves as victims reported more instances of childhood sexual abuse experiences involving intercourse than did the men who did not use that definition but this was not found in the intra-familial group. Male and female victims of female relative perpetrators were less likely to self-define as victims than were victims of male relative perpetrators. 4% of the women and 57% of the men reported sexual abuse experiences with female family members.
Stermac, L., Del Bove, G., & Addison, M.	2004	Stranger and acquaintance sexual assault of adult males	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	19(8), 901-915			Child victim, adult perp
Used data from Ontario, Canada hospital ER from 1992-1999, looked at male victims of sexual assault by a stranger or by an acquaintance, plus female victims of sexual assault by an acquaintance (unclear why they didn’t include stranger cases). 5.1% of the male victims were sexually assaulted by a female acquaintance and 1.9% of the female victims were sexually assaulted by a female acquaintance. 6.3% of the males were sexually assaulted by a pair of female/male strangers working together, and another 1.3% of the males were sexually assaulted by a pair of female/male acquaintances working together. 1% of the women reported being sexually assaulted by female/male acquaintances. Weapons were used in 47.4% of the male victim cases and 9.4% of the female victim cases
Stoltenborgh, Marije, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Eveline M. Euser, and Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg	2011	A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world.	Child Maltreatment	16, no. 2 (2011): 79-101			Child victim, adult perp
Our comprehensive meta-analysis combined prevalence figures of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) reported in 217 publications published between 1980 and 2008, including 331 independent samples with a total of 9,911,748 participants. Self-report by male participants (76 cases per1000). Lowest rates for boys (41/1000) were found in Asia, and highest rates for boys was in Africa (193/1000).
Streit, C.	2002	Identifying Women Who Abuse: Law Enforcement Suspect That the Number of Women Abusers is Growing	Law Enforcement Technology	29(8), 22-24			Child victim, adult perp
Strickland, S.	2008	Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	23, 474-489			Child victim, adult perp
N=60 convicted F.S.O.s from US prison system, compared to 70 age matched non-sex offending female inmates. Used Multiphasic Sex Inventory-II Female with female SOs, found they showed emotional neediness/loneliness, marked lack of accountability/blaming outlook
Stroebel, Sandra S., Stephen L. O'Keefe, Karen Griffee, Shih-Ya Kuo, Keith W. Beard, and Martin J. Kommor	2013	Sister–Sister Incest: Data from an Anonymous Computerized Survey	Journal of child sexual abuse	22, no. 6 (2013): 695-719			Child victim, adult perp
Retrospective data were entered anonymously by 1,521 adult women using a computer-assisted self-interview. Thirty-one participants were victims of sister–sister incest, 8 were victims of sexual abuse by an adult female (including one mother), before reaching 18 years of age. The victims of sister–sister incest had significantly more problematic outcomes than controls on many measures as adults. Victims of sister–sister incest were more depressed and more likely than controls to be distant from the perpetrator-sister and to have traded sex for money, experienced an unplanned pregnancy, engaged in four different types of masturbation, and engaged in 13 different same-sex behaviors.
Stroud, D. D., Martens, S. L., & Barker, J.	2000	Criminal investigation of CSA: A comparison of cases referred to the prosecutor to those not referred	Child Abuse & Neglect	24, 689-700			Child victim, adult perp
Prosecutors were more likely to dismiss cases with male victims
Struckman-Johnson, Cindy and David Struckman-Johnson	2006	A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	2006; 21; 1591			Child victim, adult perp
Women prisoners reported that their perpetrators were inmates (47%). 4% of men were victimized by a woman, 5% by a group that included at least one woman. Nearly one half of the women were exploited by another woman (49%). 47% of the female inmate victims were victimized by other female inmates. Tactics ranged from verbal ‘persuasion’ and pressure to threats to being held down to use of a weapon.
Struckman-Johnson, D & Struckman-Johnson C.	1991	Men and Women’s acceptance of coercive sexual strategies varied by initiator gender and couple intimacy	Sex Roles	25 661-676			Child victim, adult perp
Seventy-two men and 86 women read vignettes describing five coercive strategies for obtaining sexual intercourse on a date. Subjects rated the acceptability of strategies used by male and female initiators for couples who were or were not sexually intimate. Subjects generally rejected all tactics. Results revealed a continuum of increasing rejection from verbal pressure and sexual stimulation, followed by mock force, followed by intoxication and physical force. Although women were more rejecting of any strategy than were men, women were slightly less opposed to verbal pressure and stimulation for “more sex” rather than for “first-time sex.” Women equally rejected most male- and female-initiated strategies, but men were more accepting of female-initiated strategies. Results are explained in terms of sex role norms prescribing that men be initiators and women be gatekeepers in sexual interaction.
Sugihara, Y., & Warner, J. A.	2002	Dominance and domestic abuse among Mexican Americans: Gender differences in the etiology of violence in intimate relationships	Journal of Family Violence	17(4), 315-340			Child victim, adult perp
15% of women used sexual coercion
Sundaram, V., Laursen, B., & Helweg-Larsen, K.	2008	Is sexual victimization gender specific? The prevalence of forced sexual activity among men and women in Denmark, and self-reported well-being among survivors	Journal of interpersonal violence	23(10), 1414-1440			Child victim, adult perp
Looked at lifetime experience of sexual assault in 1,798 Dutch men & 2,134 Dutch women. 39 (2%) of the males reported a history of sexual victimization. The male victims used more sick leave than male controls, rated their health poorer, were more likely to have suicidal ideation and behaviors and abuse alcohol. Most of the men were victimized by someone they knew but the study did not give a sex breakdown for the perps. Majority of the abuse occurred when the men were under the age of 13 yrs. 27 adolescent males (<16 yrs) reported sexual assault history (1%). The majority were victimized by someone they knew and 15% were victimized by a school teacher although this study did not indicate the sex of the teacher.
Syed, F., & Williams, S.	1996	Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada [452]			Ottawa, ON: Correctional Services of Canada		Child victim, adult perp
Used incarcerated sample, of those who were related to their abuser, 80 percent of the victims were the children of their abuser.
Taylor, J. F.	2003	Children and young people accused of child sexual abuse: A study within a community.	Journal of sexual aggression	9(1), 57-70			Child victim, adult perp
N=227, 8% were female
Tewksbury Richard, David P. Connor, Kelly Cheeseman & Beth Lynne Rivera	2012	Female sex offenders’ anticipations for re-entry: Do they really know what they’re in for?	Journal of Crime and Justice	35, 3, 2012			Child victim, adult perp
Tewksbury, Richard	2007	Effects of sexual assaults on men: Physical, mental and sexual consequences	International journal of men's health	6, no. 1 (2007): 22-35			Child victim, adult perp
Tewskbury, R.	2004	Experiences and Attitudes of registered female sex offenders	Federal Probation	68 (3)			Child victim, adult perp
Thompson Jr, E. H., & Pleck, J. H.	1987	The structure of male role norms	American Behavioural Scientist	29, 531-543			Child victim, adult perp
In their analysis of the norms of male behavior expectations of college age men; they still hold stereotyped ideas that men are physically able to handle confrontations.
Thornton, A. J., Graham-Kevan, N., & Archer, J.	2010	Adaptive and maladaptive personality traits as predictors of violent and nonviolent offending behavior in men and women	Aggressive Behavior	36(3), 177-186			Child victim, adult perp
Timmerman, Greetje	2003	Sexual Harassment of Adolescents Perpetrated by Teachers and by Peers: An Exploration of the Dynamics of Power, Culture, and Gender in Secondary Schools	Sex Roles	2003,48, 5-6, 231-244			Child victim, adult perp
N=2,808 randomly selected 14-15 yr old adolescents at 22 secondary schools from two regions in the Netherlands. 13.7% of the teacher/perps were female
Timnick, L.	1985, August	The Times poll; 22% in survey were child abuse victims	Los Angeles Times	1			Child victim, adult perp
National random telephone survey of 2,000+ adults, 22% reported abuse as kids and 7% of those reported female perps.
Tjaden, P. G., & Thoennes, N.	1992	Predictors of legal intervention in child maltreatment cases	Child Abuse & Neglect	16(6), 807-821			Child victim, adult perp
noted that cases involving female victims were significantly more likely to be filed than cases involving male victims.
Travers, N.	2005	A Brief examination of pedophilia and sexual abuse committed by nuns within the catholic church	William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law	12, 761			Child victim, adult perp
NUNs who rape kids
Travin, S., Cullen, K., & Protter, B.	1990	Female sex offenders: Severe victims and victimizers	Journal of Forensic Sciences	35(1), 140-150			Child victim, adult perp
N= 515 but only 1% were female
Turner, K.	2008	A latent profile analysis of the PAI scores of female sex offenders: Implications for assessment and treatment	Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation		Sam Houston State University		Child victim, adult perp
Turner, K., Miller, H. A., & Henderson, C. E.	2008	Latent Profile Analyses of Offense and Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Incarcerated Female Sexual Offenders	Criminal Justice and Behavior	35: 879-894			Child victim, adult perp
N=90.. 60% offended alone, 34.4% used force, 34% were related to victim, 32.6% victimized their own biological child. 20% perceived a romantic relationship with victim, average victim age was 12 years. 51% had female victims, 21.7% had multiple victims.
Turton, J.	2010	Child Abuse, Gender and Society			New York: Routledge.		Child victim, adult perp
Turton, Jackie	2010	Female sexual abusers: Assessing the risk	International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice	38 (4) 2010, 279–293			Child victim, adult perp
This paper focuses on women who sexually abuse children and discusses the particular problems relating to the assessment of risk in professional practice. The data was gathered in the UK and drawn from a series of qualitative interviews with child protection professionals, including 3 police officers, 2 lawyers, 15 social workers, 6 probation officers, 8 health workers and 11 counsellors. The interview data have identified some links between the gendered assumptions and the rationales used by professionals to explain the abusive behaviour.
Tyler, Kimberly A., and Ana Mari Cauce	2002	Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents	Child Abuse & Neglect	26, no. 12 (2002): 1261-1274			Child victim, adult perp
3% were sexually victimized by biological mother, 1% by step/adopt/foster mother, 3% by female relative and 11% by female acquaintance.
U.S. Department of Justice. (2005a)	2003	Criminal victimization in the United States	Washington DC: Government Printing Office				Child victim, adult perp
Noted that only 39% of all sexual assaults in 2003 were reported to law enforcement, showing that official arrest reports are not capturing the data.
U.S. Department of Justice. (2005b)	2004	Uniform crime reports	Washington, DC: Government Printing Office				Child victim, adult perp
In 2003, female offenders were arrested for 247 forcible rapes (1.3% of all reported rapes). 59 of those 247 (23.8%) were by juveniles. Juvenile females accounted for 21.9% of the females arrested for a sex offense other than forcible rape and prostitution.
U.S.. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics	1997	Sex Offenses and Offenders: an Analysis of Data on Rape and Sexual Assault		February 1997 NCJ-163392			Child victim, adult perp
8% of arrestees for other sex offenses (not legally classified as ‘rape’) were female. About 10% of the rapes in the three States did not conform to the UCR definition of forcible rape ¾ the victims were male (8.7% of rapes), the victim and offender were both female (0.8%), or the victim was male and the offender was female (0.2%). 5% of Murders involving sexual assaults had female perpetrators (1976-1994) 18% of victims of murders involving sexual assault were male.
Uggen, Christopher & Amy Blackstone	2004	Sexual Harassment as a Gendered Expression of Power	American Sociological Review	2004 69 (1) 64-92			Child victim, adult perp
Ursel, J., & Gorkoff, K.	2001	Court processing of child sexual abuse cases: The Winnipeg Family Violence Court experience	Pieces of a puzzle: Perspectives on child sexual abuse	79-94	Halifax, Canada: Fernwood	D. Hiebert-Murphy & L. Burnside	Child victim, adult perp
data collected from the Winnipeg Family Violence Court between 1992 and 1997 (N = 1,349) revealed that 3% of child sexual perpetrators were female
Van Voorhis, P., Wright, E. M., Salisbury, E., & Bauman, A.	2010	Women's Risk Factors and Their Contributions to Existing Risk/Needs Assessment: The Current Status of a Gender-Responsive Supplement	Criminal Justice and Behavior	37,3, 261-288			Child victim, adult perp
Vanderbilt, H.	1992	Incest: A chilling report	Lear’s	2, 49-77			Child victim, adult perp
Notes the existence of mother-child incest
Vandiver,D., & Kercher,G	2006	Registered female sex offenders in Texas: an oddity or an overlooked population	In H. Ford (Ed), Women Who Sexually Abuse Children			Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc	Child victim, adult perp
Vandiver,D., & Teske,R.	2006	Juvenile Female and Male Sex Offenders	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology	50(2) 148-165			Child victim, adult perp
. N= 61 juvenile FSOs compared to N=122 juvenile MSOs.  At time of arrest, juvy FSOs were generally younger than the juvy MSOs and had a mix of male/female victims
Varjacic, Valentina		Female child sex offenders: review of literature					Child victim, adult perp
Weldon,E.V.	1990	Women who sexually abuse children	British Medical Journal	300 (6738), 1527-1528			Child victim, adult perp
Wellman,M.M.	1993	Child sexual abuse and gender differneces: Attitudes and prevalence	Child abuse & neglect	17 (4), 539-547			Child victim, adult perp
N=824 college students, 6% of males reported sexual victimization during youth.
West,D.J. & Woodhouse,T.P. (Eds)	1993	Children's Sexual Encounter with adults: A Scientific Study				Buffalo, NY : Promtheus Books	Child victim, adult perp
Whetsell-Mitchell, J., & Morse,J.	1998	From Victims to Survivors: Reclaimed Voices of Women Sexually Abused in Childhood by Females			Washington DC: Accelerated Development		Child victim, adult perp
Wiegel,M.	2009	Adult Women Who Sexually Abuse Minors: self-reported characeristics and objectively measured sexual interst'	paper presented at 11th Annual Joint Conference, MASOC/MATSA Marlborough,Massachusettes				Child victim, adult perp
Wilkins,R	1990	Women who sexually abuse children: Doctors need to become sensitied to the possibility	British Medical Journal	300(300, 1153-1154.			Child victim, adult perp
Araji, S.	1997	Sexually Aggressive Children: Coming to Understand Them.			Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications		Child/adolescent perp
Becker, J. V.	1998	What we know about the characteristics and treatment of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses.	Child Maltreatment	3(4), 317-29			Child/adolescent perp
Languages the male/female offenders differently. Has section entitled Characteristics of Male Adolescent Sexual Offenders and section entitled Characteristics of Adolescent Females, leaving off the description of them as sexual offenders.
Belshaw, S. H.	2010	Book Review of Gibson & Vandiver’s Juvenile Sex Offender	Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice	8, 86-88.			Child/adolescent perp
Blues, A., Moffatt, C., & Telford, P.	1999	Work with adolescent females who sexually abuse: Similarities and differences.	Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses	‘168-182	London: Routledge	M. Erooga & H. C. Masson	Child/adolescent perp
Bumby, K. M., Halstenson Bumby, N., Burghess, A. W., & Hartman, C. R.	1996	From Victims to Victimizers: Sexually Aggressive Post-Traumatic Responses of Sexually Abused Adolescent Females.					Child/adolescent perp
cannot substantiate the existence of this study but found it cited elsewhere
Bumby, K., & Halstenson Bumby, N.	1997	Adolescent female sex offenders.	The Sex Offender: New Insights, Treatment Innovations and Legal Developments	Vol. II, pp. 10-1 10-16	Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, Inc.	B. Schwartz, & H. Cellini	Child/adolescent perp
The adolescent female sex offenders in this study averaged 2 victims each,
Bumby, N. H., & Bumby, K. M.	2004	Bridging the gender gap: Addressing juvenile females who commit sexual offences.	The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse	‘369–381	New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge	G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett	Child/adolescent perp
Burket, L. E.	1985	Guilt and Moral Judgment in the Juvenile Female Sex Offender: A Comprehensive Literature Review.	Unpublished MA thesis		Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh		Child/adolescent perp
Caffaro, John V., and Allison Conn-Caffaro	2005	Treating sibling abuse families	Aggression and Violent Behavior	10, no. 5 (2005): 604-623			Child/adolescent perp
Sister-brother incest was 3rd largest group (10%), Sister-sister incest was least common (7%). 15% of the women reported being victims of Sister-sister physical assault and 10% of men reported a history of Sister-brother physical assault.
Carlson, B. E., Maciol, K. & Schneider, J.	2006	Sibling Incest: Reports from Forty-One Survivors	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	15(4), 19-34			Child/adolescent perp
Cook, N. E., Barese, T. H., & Dicataldo, F.	2010	The Confluence of Mental Health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders	Criminal Justice and Behavior	37, 1,119-135			Child/adolescent perp
50 juvenile females given PCL-YV, compared to similar males. 58.5% of females had ‘proactive’ violence, 70.7% had non-intimate victim. The females were more likely than the males to have been hospitalized in a psych facility, which may represent the gendered way they were viewed.
Erickson, Pamela I., and Andrea J. Rapkin	1991	Unwanted sexual experiences among middle and high school youth	Journal of Adolescent Health	12, no. 4 (1991): 319-325			Child/adolescent perp
Genders were similar regarding partner pressure and the influence of drugs and alcohol. Students who reported having had an unwanted sexual experience were more likely to report current risk taking behaviors, school problems, and health problems and those who had been physically forced were less likely to be currently sexually active and scored lower on a measure of current substance use than those who were not forced.
Erooga, M., & Masson, H. C.	1999	Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: Challenges and Responses			London: Routledge		Child/adolescent perp
Evans, Nikki Philippa Cosgrove, Bron Moth & Joanne Hewitson		Adolescent females who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviour: A survey for the STOP Adolescent Programme					Child/adolescent perp
Fehrenbach, P. A. & Monastersky, C.	1988	Characteristics of female adolescent sexual offenders	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry	58(1), 148-151			Child/adolescent perp
Uses descriptive data from 28 of teenage girls who committed sexual offenses without male co-offenders. They found to have molested children of both genders with more female than male victims, often while babysitting. 15 committed rape (penetration), 13 committed ‘indecent liberties” (sexual assault w/o penetration), 36% had male victims, 57% had female victims.
Fortenberry, J. Dennis & Robert F. Hill	1986	Sister-sister incest as a manifestation of multigenerational sexual abuse	Journal of Adolescent Health Care	7, 3, 1986, 202–204			Child/adolescent perp
Frey, L.L.	2006	Girls don’t do that, do they? Adolescent females who sexually abuse.	Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems	255-272	Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press	R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott	Child/adolescent perp
Gray, A., Busconi, A., Houchens, P. & Pithers, W. D.	1997	Children with sexual behavior problems and their caregivers: Demographics, functioning, and clinical patterns	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	9(4), 267-90			Child/adolescent perp
Hendriks, J. & Bijleveld, C. C. J. H.	2006	Female adolescent sex offenders—an exploratory study	Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice	12(1), 31-41			Child/adolescent perp
Hensley, C., Tallichet, S. E., & Dutkiewicz, E. L.	2010	Childhood Bestiality: A Potential Precursor to Adult Interpersonal Violence	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	25 (3), 557-567			Child/adolescent perp
Higgs, D. C., Canavan, M. M. & Meyer, W. J. III	1992	Moving from defense to offence: The development of an adolescent female sex offender.	Journal of Sex Research	29(1), 131-139			Child/adolescent perp
The development of a 14‐year‐old female from defending herself from sexual crimes to committing such a crime is presented in case‐report form.
Hunter, J. A., Becker, J. V., & Lexier, L. J.	2006	The female juvenile sex offender	The juvenile sex offender	148–165	New York: Guilford Press	H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall	Child/adolescent perp
Hunter, J. A., Lexier, L.. J., Goodwin, D.W., Browne, P.A., & Dennis, C.	1993	Psychosexual, attitudinal, and developmental characteristics of juvenile female perpetrators in a residential treatment setting.	Journal of Child and Family Studies	2, 317- 326			Child/adolescent perp
N=10 juvenile female sex offenders, 40% molested strangers rather than relatives, averaged 2.5 victims each, average victim age was 5 years. 60% of the perps had male victims. 70% perpetrated vaginal rape, 10% perpetrated anal rape, 70% perpetrated oral sexual assault. 60% reported fantasizing about the crime before they did the crime and 20% reported masturbating to fantasies of significantly younger children (deviant sexual arousal). 6 of the 10 (60%) reported being sexually victimized by a woman in their own past.
Johnson, T. C.	1988	Child perpetrators: Children who molest other children, preliminary findings	Child Abuse and Neglect	12, 219-229			Child/adolescent perp
Johnson, T. C.	1989	Female child perpetrators: Children who molest other children	Child Abuse and Neglect	13, 571-585			Child/adolescent perp
Estimates that females represent 22% of juvenile sexual offenders
Kjellgren, C., Priebe, G., Svedin, C.G., Mossige, S. & Långström, N.	2011	Female Youth Who Sexually Coerce: Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors in Two National High School Surveys	The Journal of Sexual Medicine	8, (12) (2011): 3354-3362			Child/adolescent perp
N=4,363 Scandinavian high school age females, out of whom 37 (0.8%) reported engaging in some form of sexual coercion. The sexually coercive group was more likely to endorse rape myths, had more sexual preoccupation and friends using violent porn compared with non-sex conduct problem females.
Kubik, E. K. & Hecker, J. E.	2005	Cognitive Distortions About Sex and Sexual Offending: A Comparison of Sex Offending Girls, Delinquent Girls, and Girls from the Community.	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	14(4), 43-69			Child/adolescent perp
N=11 adolescent F.S.O. compared to 33 age matched non-sexual female offenders, used vignettes of child-adolescent sexual interactions and values questionnaire. F.S.O.s were more likely to agree w/ questionnaire items that remove blame from offender, view victim as responsible. Oddly, they also had less positive attitude towards Contraception.
Kubik, E. K., Hecker, J. E., & Righthand, S.	2002	Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	11(3), 63-83			Child/adolescent perp
N=11 adolescent F.S.O. compared to matched adolescent non-sexual offenders. Both groups had high levels of cognitive distortions about their offending but the S.O.s level was higher.
Margolin, L., & Craft, J. L.	1990	Child abuse by adolescent caregivers	Child Abuse and Neglect	14 (3), 365-373			Child/adolescent perp
Masson, Helen, Simon Hackett, Josie Phillips, and Myles Balfe	2013	Developmental markers of risk or vulnerability? Young females who sexually abuse–characteristics, backgrounds, behaviours and outcomes	Child & Family Social Work				Child/adolescent perp
Presents findings from a sub-sample of 24 young females aged 8 to 16 years who were referred to specialist services in England during the 1990s because of their abusive sexual behaviours.
Mathews, R., Hunter, J. A., & Vuz, J.	1997	Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characteristics and treatment issues.	Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	9(3), 187-199			Child/adolescent perp
N=67 adolescent females (ages 11-18 yrs) referred for treatment due to documented history of sexual offense perpetration with male comparison group. Majority of juvenile females had repetitive patterns of sexual offending with multiple victims. Both females and males had history of sexual victimization: 4% of males had female-only perp, 2% of females had female-only perp; 4% of the girls were molested by a sister. The adolescent female offenders had more victims than the males (2.3 to 1.8). 85% of the adolescent female offenders’ victims were relatives, 30% were children they were babysitting and 13% were strangers. 18% of the adolescent female offenders reported intercourse (vaginal/anal) with the victim, 32% reported engaging in oral sex with the victim. 34% reported viewing pornography with their victims. 79% of the adolescent female offenders’ victims were under the age of 5 years, 53% were between 6-11 years. 30% of the adolescent female offenders reported victimizing only males, 16% only females and 21% victimized both males and females. 13% reported using force in one or more perpetrations (nearly the same % as males who used it 17%).
Miccio-Fonseca, L. C.	2000	Adult and adolescent female sex offenders: Experiences compared to other female and male sex offenders	Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality	11, 75-88			Child/adolescent perp
Miller, D., Trapani, C., Fejes,-Mendoza, K., Eggleston, C., & Dwiggins, D.	1995	Adolescent female offenders: Unique considerations	Adolescence	30, 429-435			Child/adolescent perp
Ray, J., & English, D. J.	1995	Comparison of female and male children with sexual behavior problems	Journal of Youth and Adolescence	24(4), 439-450			Child/adolescent perp
Righthand, S. & Welch, C.	2001	Juveniles Who Have Offended Sexually: A Review of the Professional Literature			Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention		Child/adolescent perp
Robinson, S. L.	2002	Treatment Manual. Growing Beyond: A Workbook for Sexually Abusive Teenage Girls.			Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press		Child/adolescent perp
Scavo, R.R.	1989	Female adolescent sex offenders: A neglected treatment group	Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work	70(2), 114-117			Child/adolescent perp
Schmidt, S & Keri, P.	2004	What research shows about female adolescent sex offenders	National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth				Child/adolescent perp
Schram,D.D.,Milloy,C.D., & Rowe,W.E.	1991	Juvenile sex offenders: A folluw up study of reoffense behavior			Olympia WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy		Child/adolescent perp
Schwartz, B. K., Cavanaugh, D., Pimental, A. & Prentky, R.	2006	Descriptive Study of Precursors to Sex Offending among 813 Boys and Girls: Antecedent Life Experiences	Victims & Offenders	1(1), 61-77			Child/adolescent perp
Sigurdsson, J.F., Gudjonsson, G., Asgeirsdottir, B.B., & Sigfusdottir, I.D.	2010	Sexually abusive youth: what are the background factors tht distinguish them from otheryouth?	Psychology, Crime & Law	16(4), 289-303			Child/adolescent perp
Out of 9,533 responses regarding sexually exploitive/abusive perpetration, 130 females (2.6%) indicated yes, 44 (32%) reported committed perpetration more than once.  The differences between female perps and non-perps appeared to be histories of victimization, prostitution and delinquent peers
Simmons, R.	2003	Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls			Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books		Child/adolescent perp
Slotboom, Anne-Marie, Hendriks, Jan and Verbruggen, Janna	2011	Contrasting adolescent female and male sexual aggression: A self-report study on prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression	Journal of Sexual Aggression	17, no. 1 (2011): 15-33			Child/adolescent perp
Data from a low-risk school-based sample, a medium-risk school-based sample and a high-risk sample from eight different juvenile justice institutions. Participants reported on the strategy used to force a person into sexual contact against his/her will. Results showed that around 8% of the adolescent females reported having used sexual aggression against a person with the juvenile institution sample showed the highest rate. Further, we found that for adolescent females “beliefs about sexual behaviour” was the only predictor of sexually aggressive behaviour, while for adolescent males being a victim of sexual abuse was the most important predictor.
Tardif, M., Auclair, N., Jacob, M., & Carpentier, J.	2005	Sexual abuse perpetrated by adult and juvenile females: An ultimate attempt to resolve a conflict associated with maternal identity.	Child Abuse & Neglect	29, 153-167			Child/adolescent perp
Turner, M. T., & Turner, T. N.	1994	Female Adolescent Sexual Abusers: An Exploratory Study of Mother-Daughter Dynamics with Implications for Treatment			Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press		Child/adolescent perp
Van Decraen, Els, Kristien Michielsen, Sarah Herbots, Ronan Van Rossem & Marleen Temmerman	2012	Sexual coercion among in-school adolescents in Rwanda: prevalence and correlates of victimization and normative acceptance	African Journal of Reproductive Health	September 2012; 16(3): 139-153			Child/adolescent perp
A survey of 285 senior secondary school students, average age 21 yrs. Of sexually active respondents, 15.5% reported forced sexual intercourse, 25% reported an age-disparate relationship with partner 10+ yrs older. This was the case for 17% of the male sexually active respondents but only 2% of the males reported forced sexual intercourse.
Van der Put, Claudia E.	2013	The prevalence of risk factors for general recidivism in female adolescent sexual offenders: A comparison of three subgroups	Child abuse & neglect	37, no. 9 (2013): 691-697			Child/adolescent perp
Found those teens who offended against a child had less delinquency problems compared to those who offended against peers.
Van der Put, Claudia, Eveline Van Vugt, Geert Jan Stams, and Jan Hendriks	2013	Psychosocial and developmental characteristics of female adolescents who have committed sexual offenses	Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment				Child/adolescent perp
Adolescent female sexual offenders (AFSO) compared to adolescent female non-sexual but violent offenders (AFVO) and adolescent male sexual offenders (AMSO). Results showed that AFSOs and AMSOs were remarkably similar, whereas AFSOs and AFVOs were remarkably different on the measured variables.
Wijkman,Miriam; Weerman,Frank; Bijleveld,Catrien: and Hendricks, Jan	2015	Group Sexual Offending by Juvenile Females	Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment	27(3), 335-356			Child/adolescent perp
N=35.  Reviewed records of 66 juvenile females who were arraigned for at least 1 contact sexual offense in Netherlands between 1995-2009; 58% offended with someone else.  Used the available archival data on those 35 (38 but data was missing).  They were part of 26 offender groups (2 or more offenders).  Average age at time offending=15 yrs.  8 cases showed signs of a personality disorder, 5 were diagnosed with conduct disorder, 1 with oppositional/defiant disorder.  21% had intercourse before age 14, 13% had engaged in solicitation, 34% were truant. About 25% reported other offenses like theft, vandalism or violence.  Majority of victims were other females, 73% used some kind of violence during the offense (kicking, beating, threatening, spitting on, use of weapon).  The majority of the offenses involved some kind of pre-planning or preparation.  Researchers noted 3 themes of motivation: harassing victim, sexual gratification and taking revenge.  Noted that the specific theme of revenge via sexual humiliation was a behavior unique to FSOs; noted that FSO may instrumentally exploit a male for this action. Also noted that FSO’s self-reports about their crime and past histories were taken after FSO was charged and likely were affected by neutralization or minimization. Suggested that they have may have underestimated sexual motives. Noted the risk of treating group offenders in a group modality due to risk of reinforcing each other.
	1971	The Last Picture Show					Legal issues or research issues
a 1971 film based on 1966 novel by Larry McMurtry.  The wife of the high school athletics coach is sexual with a male high school senior.
	1974	Emmanuelle					Legal issues or research issues
Emmanuelle is a 1974 softcore French film depicting sexual intimacy between an underage girl and an adult woman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_(film)
		Bilitis					Legal issues or research issues
is a 1977 French film depicting sexual intimacy between an underage girl and an adult woman.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilitis_(film)
		It was A Woman					Legal issues or research issues
It Was A Woman documentary by a victim of sexual abuse by a female perpetrator. Includes interviews with Franca Cortoni (researcher), Rick Goodwin (The Men's Project) and Julie Brand (survivor/educator). She also discusses gender role expectations and how they interfere with perceiving the abuse.  www.itwasawoman.com/IWAW/IWAW_ONESHEET.pdf
		APRI State Rape Statutes compiled by the America Prosecutors Research Institute					Legal issues or research issues
Each US state has multiple charge options: Alaska: Sexual Abuse of a minor (Class A,B, or C felony) Arizona: sexual Conduct w/ minor (Class 6) California: Unlawful sexual intercourse w/ a minor (misdemeanor if victim is over 16) Colorado: Sexual Assault (Misdemeanor if victim is 15+); sexual assault ona child/in a positon of trust (class 4 of victim 15+) Florida: Sexual Battery (3rd degree if person is in postion of authority) Iowa: sexual exploitation of a minor (class ); sexual misonduct with juvenile offenders (aggravated misdemeanor) Kansas: Criminal Sodomy (Class B misdemeanor if w/ smae sex victim 16+ or animal/ Felony 3 if victim is 14-16) Maine: Sexual Abuse of Minors (class C if incest or perp is 10+ yrs older than victim; class D if perp is shool employee and victim is -18); Unlawful sexual contact (class E if 16+ yr old and perp is shool employee).  New Mexico: Criminal Sexual ontact with a minor (4th degree felony) New York: Sexual Conduct against a child (class B or  felony) North Carolina: Statutory rape of 13-15 r old (class  if perp is 6+ yrs older) North Dakota: Corruption of minor (class C if victim is 15+); Ohio: Unlawful sexual conduct with a minor (3rd degree felony) Oregon: Contributing to a sexual delinquency of a minor (misdemeanor) Pennsylvania: Statutory sexual assault (2nd degree felony) Tennessee: Statutory Rape (lass E felony) Utah: Unlawful sexual conduct with 16+ yr old (3rd degree felony)
		Zimbio's 50 most Infamous female teacher sex scandals 3/29/12					Legal issues or research issues
• Elizabeth Stow: 1 year • Mary Kay Letourneau: Two counts of statutory rape; initially sentenced to 6 months, didn’t have to Register as Sex Offender; violated this plea agreement w/in 4 weeks; • Debra LaFave  Lewd or Lascivious Battery (oral sex and intercourse) with 14 year old; three years of Community Control (house arrest), seven years of probation. House arrest was allowed to end 4 months early. • Abbie Jane Swogger Included involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, corruption of minors and possession with intent to deliver crack cocaine, victims 14-17, sentenced to three to six years in jail, special education teacher's aide • Pamela Rogers Turner Felony sexual battery by an authority figure Age of Student:  13; sentenced to nine months in prison, part of an eight-year suspended sentence. However, she was arrested again in April, 2006, for sending the same student sexual pictures and videos of herself, as well as contacting him through blogs and social networks.  ordered her to serve the remaining seven years of her sentence in state prison • Nicole Long:  45 days 90 days in jail and lost her teaching license • Stephanie Ragusa Felony sex with a minor and lewd and lascivious battery  students 14-16; 10 years jail, possibly due to arrogance in court and having abused 2 different victims. The encounters continued even after she had been arrested and told to stay away from him. • Lisa Lavoie: 5 years probation • Alison Peck  Two counts second-degree statutory rape and sodomy, 13 year old victim, arrested twice, second time was after having been told to stay away from victim; November 2009, the former teacher was convicted for a relationship with a 16-year-old student the previous winter and spring, put on probation, violated it by failing to register as sex offender and must serve 5 years  • Shannon Best Misdemeanor attempted crime against nature and giving alcohol to a student  $250 fine, suspended 45-day jail sentence, placed on 18 months of probation, and paid a $250 fine. She was not required to register as a sex offender.  • Jill Lewis One count improper relationship between an educator and a student verdict pending. • Amy McElhenney: loss of teaching certificate. One count of improper relationship with a student • Carrie McCandless One felony count of sexual assault on a child by one in a position of trust and contributing to the delinquency of a minor.  sentenced to 45 days in jail. In March of 2009, she returned briefly to jail for violating the terms of her parole by drinking alcohol and being found in the bed of another parolee. • Traci Tapp Harassment by offensive touching., 15 year old student; pleaded guilty this week to having sexual encounters with three male students walked away with no jail time or probation • Beth Geisel Two felony charges of rape in the third degree and two charges of endangering the welfare of a minor  will serve six months in jail, receive alcohol counseling when she's released, and will be on the sex offender registry. • Jennifer Mally: 6 months  Three counts of sexual conduct with a minor • Natasha Sizow Two counts each of indecent liberties and use of a communications device to facilitate crimes against children, all charges were later dropped • Autumn Leathers Second-degree custodial child abuse, fourth-degree sex offense, perverted practice, and second-degree assault  15 year old student; pleaded guilty to one count of fourth-degree sex offense, and all other charges were dropped. She was given a one-year suspended jail sentence, and required to register as a sex offender  • Elizabeth Stow 12 counts of sexual intercourse with a minor, oral copulation with a minor  given a suspended sentence of nine years, and was required to serve one year in a county jail. • Cris Morris: 30 days (served over 15 weekends)  Three counts of third-degree felony unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old. • Carmina Lopez 11 yr old student; 40 counts of lewd act with a child, 40 counts of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor, continuous sexual abuse of a child, aggravated sexual assault of a child under 14 years of age, sexual battery, cruelty to a child, annoying or molesting a child under 18 years of age, 11 counts of failure to report child abuse by a mandated reporter; defense attorney said the boy raped the woman and threatened to claim molestation if she told anyone; acquitted • Margaret De Barraicua Felony improper relationship between an educator and student; sentenced to one year in jail.2009 violated her probation • Lisa Robyn Marinelli  Unlawful sex with a minor; sentenced to a year of house arrest, and was required to register as a sex offender • Samantha Solomon No charges filed; She was fired from the position. She admitted to investigators that she had sexual intercourse • Jennifer Lea Burton; 14 year old Female victim; Three counts of sexual assault and three counts of improper relationship between an educator and student; got 10 years • Sarah Tolzien  Eight counts of criminal sexual assault and 24 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse.  sentenced to 18-months of probation, and she must register as a sex offender for the next ten years.  The 25-year-old also lost her teacher’s license • Hope Jacoby victim under 17; Oral copulation of a minor and unlawful sex with a minor; sentenced to 3 years probation • Cameo Patch: no jail time. Judge Mark Kouris “if this was a 29 year old male and a 17 year old female, I would be inclined to order some incarceration”. Unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old • Angela Comer 14 yr old victim; One count of third-degree sodomy and one count of custodial interference; both Comer and the boy went missing, along with Comer's 4-year-old son. They were found two weeks later by Mexican authorities in a hotel in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico; saying the 14-year-old abducted her, held her at gunpoint, and forced her to drive to Mexico. She says the boy also broke a guitar over her head when she attempted to escape; will serve 10 years • Cara Dickey 14 yr old victim; Two counts of second-degree statutory rape, 4 year prison sentence • Rebekah Todd  Felony attempted second-degree sexual assault • Rebecca Bogard 15 yr old victim; Exploitation of a child, touching of a child for lustful purposes, and statutory rape. 1 year in prison, 7 yrs probation • Sandra Binkley Statutory rape and sexual abuse by an authority figure  claimed she was the victim in the case  12 years.  • Janelle Batkins Felony improper relationship between an educator and student; 17 yr old student; Batkins had a 21 year old son;  3 years’ probation and 240 hours of community service  • Lindsay Massaro victim less than 16; Second-degree sexual assault, third-degree endangering the welfare of a minor and fourth-degree criminal sexual contact. four-year prison sentence with parole supervision for life • Christine Brown Jouini  Four felony counts of unlawful sexual activity • Teresa Engelbach 14 yr old victim; Three counts of statutory rape and one count of statutory sodomy.$5,000 fine and 2 years probation;  • Carrie O'Connor One count sexual assault against a student by a school teacher or administrator. • Deanna Bobo 14 year old victim; Two counts of first-degree sexual assault 12 years, eligible for parole after 2 years • Rachel Burkhart No charges, resigned from teaching position  • Gwen Cardozo   Sexual assault on a child by a person in a position of trust. Got Probation • Katherine J. Harder  Felony aggravated endangering of a child  suspended 12 month jail sentence • Rhianna Ellis  No charges filed • Loni Folks  One charge of sexual battery; suspended 12 year sentence • Stephanie Ann Stein 15 yr old victim; Two counts third-degree criminal sexual conduct, sending sexually explicit photographs to a minor, using a computer to send sexually explicit photographs to a minor; 3-15 years • Sheral Smith 14 yr old victim; Statutory rape and transfer of a controlled substance. 7 yrs • Melinda Deluca Two counts of felony forcible sexual abuse  90 days in jail • Kenzi Friday  Felony improper relationship between an educator and student   No Jail, 5 yrs probation and $2,000.   • Kesha D. Manuel  15 yr old victim; Felony carnal knowledge of a juvenile; five years of active probation
Vandiver,D.M.,& Braithwaite,J.	2009	Male and female juvenile sex offenders: Examing recidivism rates as adults	The Journal of Best Knowledge and Practies of Juveile offenders	3(1), 23-32			Legal issues or research issues
http://www.pvamu.edu/include/College%20of%20Juvenile%20Justice%20and%20Psychology/Journal%20juvenile%20JusticeWeb2009.pdf  N=61 juvenile FSOs and N=122 juvenile MSOs from Texas registry in 2001, followed for average 4.25 years AFTER becoming a legal adult (17th birthday). Only 46& of FSOs were re-arrested for any type of offense during adulthood (during follow up period) and there was no statistical significance between MSOs and FSOs in re-arrest for sexual offenses.   84% of the FSOs had been arrested for aggravated sexual assault or sexual assault, 35% for indecency with child.  No statistical difference in victim age.
Abramson,P.R. & Pinkerton,S.D	2001	A house divided-Suspicions of mother-daughter incest			New York: Norton		Legal issues or research issues
Allen, H.	1987	Justice unbalanced: Gender, psychiatry and judicial decisions.			Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.		Legal issues or research issues
Allen, H.	1987	Rendering them harmless: The professional portrayal of women charged with serious violent crimes.	Gender, crime and justice	81-94			Legal issues or research issues
Allen, Tina M.	2003	Gender-Neutral Statutory Rape Laws: Legal Fictions Disguised as Remedies to Male Child Exploitation Comment		2002-2003 111-126	University of Detroit Mercy Law Review		Legal issues or research issues
Allen,Tina M	2002-03	Gender-Neutral Statutory Rape Laws: Legal Fictions disguised as Remedies to Male Child Exploitation Comment	University of Detroit Mercy Law Review	111-126			Legal issues or research issues
Almond, L., McManus, M.A., Giles, S., & Houston, E.	2015	Female Sex Offenders. An Analysis of Crime Scene Behaviors.	Journal of interpersonal violence 0886260515603976				Legal issues or research issues
Used crime scene analysis on N=73 FSOs in UK and US, only 16% included male co-offender, 18% offended against a relative.  Looked for behaviors that distinguished motivations. Control: 17% cases where perp interacted with victim as a sexual object, used victim to satisfy own sexual gratification, used victim for instrumental gains such as making porn.  Hostility: 15% made victim the target of anger and frustration, used greater violence or force than was necessary, caused injuries, penetrated victim with an object rather than body part (male rapists do this to humiliate/demean victim). Involvement: 52% have pseudo-intimate interactions with victim, uses term 'love' grooms victim with gifts and alcohol, requires victim to penetrate her.  Note: Non-Involvement cases made up 32% of cases and their theory did not account for 100% of the cases.
Anderson, I., & Swainson, V.	2001	Perceived motivation for rape: Gender differences in beliefs about female and male rape.	Current Research in Social Psychology	6(8), 107-122			Legal issues or research issues
Students view rape of both males and females as motivated by sex more than by power.
Anderson, Irina	1999	Characterological and behavioral blame in conversations about female and male rape.	Journal of Language and Social Psychology	18 (4) 377-394			Legal issues or research issues
Used vignettes to describe a stranger rape of male or female victim, but used only male perps.
Anderson, Irina, and Alison Quinn	2009	Gender differences in medical students' attitudes towards male and female rape victims.	Psychology Health and Medicine	14, no. 1 (2009): 105-110			Legal issues or research issues
Negative attributions towards male victims
Anderson, P. B., & Savage, J. S.	2005	Social, Legal, and Institutional Context of Heterosexual Aggression by College Women.	Trauma, Violence, & Abuse	6(2), 130-140			Legal issues or research issues
women engage in the full range of sexually aggressive behaviors attributed to men; the language of many legal codes place women’s heterosexually aggressive behaviors below the threshold for rape even when it involves physical force or the use of a weapon; many men, similar to many women, do not report receiving sexual aggression and may not define themselves as victims; regardless of reporting status or self-perception, some men do suffer physical and psychological symptoms as a result of receiving sexual aggression from women; and women’s heterosexual aggression may be more socially acceptable than men’s.
Atkinson, Tracey L	2010	Seminar paper presented to the Graduate Faculty			UW Platteville		Legal issues or research issues
Balsam, K.F., Rothblum, E.D., Beauchaine, T.P.	2005	Vitimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and hteteroseual siblings.	Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology	73(3), 477			Legal issues or research issues
N=557 lesbians/gays, 163 bisexuals, 525 bisexuals, 525 heterosexuals (mostly siblins of the non-hetero Ss). 39.8 of lesbians reported being coerced into non-intercourse sexual contacts. 9.3% of hetero males reported being coerced into intercourse. More hetero males reported childhood sexual ause by females than did gay males.  Of heterosexual males who reported hildhood sexual abuse 47.8% reported abuse by a FSO, as did 60% of the bisexual males and 18.8% of the homosexual males who reported childhood sexual abuse.  23.51% of lesians who reported being raped in adulthood indicated that their perp was female, as did 14% of the bisexual women.
Barbara Krahe, Anja Berger, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Gabriel Bianchi, Joannes Chliaoutkis, Andres A. Fernandez-Fuertes, Antionio Fuertes, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Eleni Hadjigeorgiou, Birgitt Haller, Sabine Hellemans, Zbigniew Izdebski, Christiana Koutu, Dwayne Meijinckens, Liubove Murauskiene, Maria Papadakak, Lucia Ramiro , Marta Reis, Katrien Symons, Paulina Tomaszewska, Isabel Vicario-Molina & Andrej Zygadlo	2015	Prevalence and correlates of young people's sexual aggression perpetration and victimisation in 10 Europen countries: a multi-level analysys	Culture Health & Seuxality: An International Journal of Research Invervention and Care	17 (6), 682-699			Legal issues or research issues
N=3460 young adults (18-27), in 10 European countries. (Austria, Belgium,Cyprus,Greece,Lithunia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain) Between 10.1 and 55.8% of male respondents reported having experienced at least one incident of sexual victimization since the age of consent.  In two countires, victimization rates were significantly higher for men then for women.  Between 2.6 and 14.8% of female participants reported having engaged in at least one act of sexual perpetration.  Lower gender equality in political power and higher sexual assertiveness in women relative to men were linked to higher male victimization rates.
Baron, R. S., Burgess, M. L., & Kao, C. F.	1991	Detecting and labeling prejudice: Do female perpetrators go undetected?	Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin	17 (2), 115-123			Legal issues or research issues
Had 196 college students read 12 vignettes describing sexist actions against women, altering whether it was done by another woman or a man. Both male and female students were more likely to rate a vignette as sexist if the actor was male.
Bauminster, R. F., & Twenge, J. M.	2002	Cultural Suppression of female sexuality.	Review of General Psychology	6(2), 166-203			Legal issues or research issues
Bebbington,P., Cooper,C, Minot,S, Brugha, T., R. Meltzer & Dennis,M	2009	Suicide attempts, gender, and sexual abuse: data from the 2000 British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey	American Journal of Psychiatry	166(10) -1135-1140			Legal issues or research issues
N=8,580 British participants age 16-74 in 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity, a randomized cross-sectional survey. The population attributable risk fraction for male respondents was 7%.  In theory, the population attributable risk fraction indicates how much the suicide attempt rate would be reduced if no sexual abuse occurred in the population. As such, it is dependent on both the prevalence of the exposure to sexual abuse in the population and the strength of the association of sexual abuse with suicide attempts.  The frequency of reporting suicide attempts during the last year was equal for males and females.  1.6% of the males reported a history of sexual abuse
Beck,A.J., & Johnson, C.	2012	Sexual victimization reported by former state prisoners. 2008 US Department of Justice.  Office of Justic Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.					Legal issues or research issues
Rate of inmate-on-inmate victimization was 3x higher for females (13.7%) than for males (4.2%). 79% of the males reporting sexual victimization by staff reported that the staff member was female and 1.3% of female inmates reporting sexual victimization by staff reported that the staff member was female.
Becker, J. V., Hall, S., & Stinson, J. D.	2002	Female sexual offenders: Clinical, legal, and policy issues	Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice	1(3), 31-53			Legal issues or research issues
Bierie,D.M., & Davis-Siegel, J.C.	2014	Measurement matters: Comparing old and new definitions of rape in federal statistical reporting	Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment. 1079063214521470				Legal issues or research issues
FBI and Uniform Crime Reports changed the definition of rape in 2012.  Used to be "the carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will" and defined carnal knowledge as "the slightest penetration of the sexual organ of a female (vagina) by the sexual organ of the male (penis)".   The old definition precluded any sexual assault of males, any sexual assault by females, any sexual assault of mouth or anus, or using something other than a penis.   The new definition is "the penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus, with any body-part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim".   (NOTE:       This study used the National Incident-Based Reporting System to compare the rape reporting before and after the change.  In 2012, there were185,578 reported  rapes that would have been missed using the old definition.  These cases included male victims, younger victims, family victims (non-forcible incest).  5% of the increase was due to the inclusion of male victims of female and/or male offenders.
Black, MC., Basile,K.C., Breiding, MJ, Smith S.G., Walters, M.L, Merrick, M.T., Chen,J. & Stevens, M.R.	2011	The National Intimate Parnter and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report	Atlanta, GA: National enter for Inquiry Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention				Legal issues or research issues
Rate of sexual coercion against males by females was 38.6%. 22% of men experienced other forms of sexual victimization perpetrated by females, including being made to penetrate, coerced sexual intercourse, and unwanted sexual contact
Bonthuys, Elsje	2008	Putting Gender into the Definition of Rape or Taking it Out?	Feminist Legal Studies	2008 16 (2) 249-260			Legal issues or research issues
The main issue in the Masiya judgment was whether the current South African definition of rape—namely non-consensual penetration of a vagina by a penis—should be extended to include anal penetration of both female and male victims. The majority of the Constitutional Court held that anal penetration of female victims should constitute rape, but declined to offer similar protection to male victims. This note argues that this judgment reverts to and reinforces patriarchal stereotypes and dichotomies and that it misunderstands, in a profound way, central concepts such as sex and gender and the gendered nature of rape.
Bouffard, J.A. Bouffard, L.A., & Miller, H.A.	2015	Examining the Correlates of Women's Use of Sexual Coercion Proposing an Explanatory Model	Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260515575609				Legal issues or research issues
N=582 college undergrad females; the predictors of sexual aggression for males were also predictive of women's sexual aggression.
Broadhurst,R, & Loh, N.	2003	The probabilities of sex offender re-arrest	Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health	13(2), 121-139			Legal issues or research issues
.  N=43 FSO, with 0 re-arrests for sexual offenses, 4 had re-arrest for violent offences within follow up time period (average 5.7 years).  Offenses included sex crimes against children and adolescents, including 5 cases of aggravated sexual assault and one of sodomy.
Brow,M.E., Knopp, F.H. & Lackey,L.B.	1987	Female Sexual Abusers: A summary of Data from 44 Treatment Providers			Orwell Safer Society Press		Legal issues or research issues
Brown, Anthony Warren Alexander	2012	Gendered Media: A Study of how Newspapers Frame Educators Involved in Statutory Rape According to the Gender of the Adult.	PhD diss		California State University, Sacramento		Legal issues or research issues
Bunting, L.	2005	Females who sexually offend against children: Responses of the child protection and criminal justice systems.[67]	NSPCC Policy Practice Research Series		London: NSPCC		Legal issues or research issues
Burt, Darren L., and Lesley R. DeMello	2003	Attribution of rape blame as a function of victim gender and sexuality, and perceived similarity to the victim	Journal of Homosexuality	43, no. 2 (2003): 39-57			Legal issues or research issues
Bynum, Malecia & Graham Tony E	41002	Are Judicial Systems Sexist Regarding Teacher Sex Offense Sentencing Guidelines?					Legal issues or research issues
Analyzed 50 cases male and female teacher sex offense cases and sentencing guidelines for states. Female teachers tend to receive lesser sentences than males in cases where it is of the same stature. Males are more likely to get extensive jail time while females receive lesser sentences and fines
Cain,C.M., Sample,L.L., & Anderson, A.L.	2015	Public Opinion of the Application of Sex Offender Notification Laws to Female Sex Offenders. Why It is Important to Examine	Criminal Justice Policy Review 0887403415572253	pages 01-21			Legal issues or research issues
Discusses S.O. notification laws (sex offender registries) and whether or not those on the registries are a danger to society.  Used 2012 data from Nebraska.
Carlson,A.	2013	Abnormal Sexual Assault Sitatuions and Its Influence on Rape Myth Acceptance	unpublished honors thesis Univeristy of New Hampshire				Legal issues or research issues
Used 4 variations of survey (male rape of female; female rape of male; female rape of female; male rape of male). Noted that rape myth acceptance wasn't highly related to gender of victim/offender.
Center for Sex Offender Management	2007	Female Sex Offenders					Legal issues or research issues
Chan, H.C.O., & Frei,A	2013	Female Sexual Homicide Offenders An Examination of an Under researched Offender Population	Homicide Studies	17(1), 96-118			Legal issues or research issues
Using FBI's Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data (1976-2007), 204 female sexual homicide offender cases (27 juveniles and 177 adult offenders) were examined.  Female sexual murderers were more likely to target victims from the opposite gender, 75% of their victims were males, 78% were adults, 81% were in a relationship with the victim. Predominantly used firearms (compensate for strength disparity with victim).
Chen, L.P., Murad, M.H., Paras, M.L., Colbenson, K.M., Sattler, A.L., Goranson,E.N. & Zirakzadeh A	2010	Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders; systematic review and meta-analysis.	Mayo Clinic Proceedings	85 (7), 618-629			Legal issues or research issues
Chivers, M.L., Seto,M.C., Lalumiere,M.L, Laan E., % Grimbos, T	2010	Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal I men and women.  A meta-analysis	Archives of sexual behavior	39(1) 5-56			Legal issues or research issues
Chivers,M.L, Rieger,G., Latty,E., & Bailey,J.M	2004	A sex difference in the specificity of sexual arousal.	Psychological Science	15(11) 736-744			Legal issues or research issues
Chivers,M.L. & Bailey J.M.	2005	A sex difference in features that elicit genital response	Biological psychology	70 (2), 115-120			Legal issues or research issues
Christiansen,A.R., & Thyer,B.A.	2002	Female Sexual Offenders--A Review of Empirical Research	Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment	6(3) 1-16			Legal issues or research issues
Clements,H., Dawson, D.L., & das Nair, R	2014	Female-perpetrated sexual abuse a review of victim and professional perspectives.	Journal of Sexual Aggression	20(2), 197-215			Legal issues or research issues
Review of both qualitative and quantitative peer reviewed studies, found that professionals view female perpetrated sexual abuse less serious, harmful or needing investigation than that by males despite the victims finding it to have negatively and significantly impacted them
Cohen,D.K.	2011	Causes of Sexual Violence During Civil War: Crossing National Evidence (1980-2009)	Minnesota International Relations Colloquium Minneapolis, MN March				Legal issues or research issues
Analyzes why some armies use rape as weapon in war and other groups do not; the difference appears related to whether the army is volunteer or forcibly 'recruited'.  In the latter cases, rape can be used as a form of 'combatant socialization'.   In the civil war in Sierra Leon, the Revolutionary United Front army abducted women as fighters (24%) and were the army with more mixed gender gang rape perpetrators (25.5% of the gang rapes). The women soldiers were involved in about a quarter of the rapes involving this army, both in holding down victims and in penetrating them with objects.
Collins, Jennifer M.		Lady Madonna, Children at Your Feet: The Criminal Justice System's Romanticization of the Parent-Child Relationship	http://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/bitstream/handle/10339/15876/Collins Lady Madonna, Children at Your Feet The Criminal Justice System's Romanticization of the Parent-Child Relationship.pdf?sequence=1				Legal issues or research issues
There are several novels that touch on or focus on female sexual offending.  While these in no way can be seen as realistic accounts of the problem, they do at least bring the concept into the minds of the general public.  As yet, no one appears to have written an account similiar to what research suggest acctually occurs (adult female perp does not have a mental illness or character disorder).   What Was She Thinking?: Notes on a Scandal by Zoe Heller. Kingdom of Childhood by Rebecca Coleman.  Tampa by Alissa Nutting (review indicates this is a novel about a female sociopath molesting a 14 yr old male, contains multiple sexual scenes and could be considered child porn.  THe author did note in an interview that there are lots of things kids want to do that are bad for them and we don't allow).  A House Divided: Suspicions of Mother-Daughter Incest by Abramson and Pinkerton. (2001): story of Helen Cross who was accused of molesting her 5 yr old daughter, charges were later dropped. Author is sexologist who claimed that mother-daughter sexual abuse was vitually nonexistent. (p.193).
Collins-McKinnell, C.R.	2014	Towards characterizing the female sexual offfender; a systematic review of research articles.	Unpublished Master's thesis, Univeristy of South Africa				Legal issues or research issues
Cook, N.E., Barese, T.H. & Dictaldo, F.	2010	The Confluence of mental health and Psychopathic Traits in Adolescent Female Offenders	Criminal Justice and Behavior	37, 1 ,119-135			Legal issues or research issues
50 juvenile females given PCL-YV, compared to similar males. 58.5% of females had 'proactive' violence, 70.7% had non-intimate victim. The females were more likely than the males to have been hospitalized in a psych facility, which may represent the gendered way they were viewed.
Cortoni,F	2010	Female Sexual Offenders: A Special Subgroup In K. Harrison (Ed.)	Managing High-Risk Sex offenders in the Community: Risk Management, Treatment and Social Responsibility	159-173	Portland OR Willan Publishing		Legal issues or research issues
Crawford, E.	2010	A grounded theory analysis of the perpetration of child sexual ause by female sex offenders	Doctoral dissertation, Walden University				Legal issues or research issues
Looked at experiences/attitudes of convicted F.S.O.’s, used pre-existing descriptive data. Based upon the perp’s self-reports.  Focused on perp’s loneliness and desire to please a male partner.
Crawford,A	2014	UK paedophiles pay to watch child sex abuse in Philippines	:		BBC News		Legal issues or research issues
(note that the women in the video (all trying to hide their faces) were the perps who brought the minors for sexual abuse and weren’t the victims)
Curtis,R., Terry, K. Dank, M., Dombrowski,K.,& Khan,B.	2008	The commercial sexual explotation of children in New York City.  Volume 1.  The CSEC population in New York City: Size, characteristics, and needs	(NCJ Publiction NO 225083)  Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington DC Washington DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics US Department of Justice				Legal issues or research issues
Davies, Michelle, and Paul Rogers	2009	Perceptions of blame and credibility toward victims of childhood sexual abuse: Differences across victm age, victim-perpetrator relationship, and respondent gender in a depcited case	Journal of Child sexual Abuse 18	78-92			Legal issues or research issues
de Haas, S. Berlo. W Bakker F. Vanwesenbeeck,I.	2012	Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence in the Netherlands, the risk of re-victimation and pregnancy: Results from a national population survery	Violence and Victims	27 (4), 592-608			Legal issues or research issues
Study investigated the prevalence of sexual violence in the Netherlands ; listed experience of sexual violence over lifetime, before age 16 and within the past year. N=6,000 males/females ages 15-70. Prevalence rate was 21% for males.  30% of male victims of child sexual abuse went on to have adult victimization
Deering, R., & Mellor, D.	2007	Female-Perpetrated Child Sex Abuse: Definitional and Categorization Analysis	Psychiatry, Psychology and Law	14(2), 218-226			Legal issues or research issues
matched 7 cases each female-perpetrated child sexual & male-perpetrated child sex abuse. All offenders were sentenced to imprisonment, but in general the women were more likely than the men to receive less jail time and lower non-parole periods because their personal backgrounds or situation at the time of the offending were perceived as worthy of sympathy, and they were considered as likely to be rehabilitated.
Deering, R., & Mellor, D.	2009	Sentencing of male and female child sex offenders : Australian study	Psychiatry, Psychology and Law	16(3), 394-412			Legal issues or research issues
Dent-Brown,K.	1993	Child sexual abuse: Problems for adult surviors.	Journal of Mental Health	2(4), 329-338			Legal issues or research issues
Dollar, K.M., Perry, A.R., Fromuth, M., & Holt, A.R.	2004	Influence of gender roles on perceptions of teacher/adolescent student sexual relations	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	50(1-2), 91-101			Legal issues or research issues
male teacher/male student dyad was viewed as the least normative, and the female teacher/male student dyad was perceived as the most normative.
Elliott,Ian A., & Alexandra Bailey	2014	Female Sex offenders: gender and risk perception in Kieran McCartan (Ed)	Responding to Sexual Offending: Perceptions, Risk, Management and Public Protection		Palgrave Macmillan		Legal issues or research issues
Discusses reasons western society continues to misperceive women as not sexually dangerous.  Authors applied Pickett, Mancini & Mears (2013) theories of public opinion about sex crimes and policies to FSOs. The Victim-oriented model focuses on the harm done to victims and is often related to retribution for the perp.  Authors note that the public perception that women as needing 'protection' (like children) automatically positions women as victims and men as perps and minimizes both the FSO and any male victims. The SO stereotype model focuses on SO's as a homogeneous group of predators who are both unmanageable and untreatable.  Cites Sjoberg & Gentry 2007 who argued that the stereotype that women are nurturing overshadows recognition that women engage in violence and leads to ways of accounting for women's violence that maintain this stereotype; women engage in violence to get revenge on a male, to support a male, or were coerced by a male, is mentally ill, or is deviantly sexual (as opposed to having sexually deviant interests). Notes that accounts of coercion may be inflated by FSOs, allowing them to be viewed as victims and maintain the stereotype.  Notes the preliminary research by Gannon et al suggesting that some FSOs may have biased ideas regarding male status that increase their experience of dependence.   They note that the low detection and low observed re-offense rate combined with these misunderstandings causes people to think that FSOs aren't a 'valid risk management concern'. Mentions a meta-analysis by Cortoni et al 2010 suggesting a low recidivism and notes the problems with detection and conviction, as well as noting the cycle where lack of policy on FSOs results in/fuels under-detection of FSO; FSOs are generally only detected by child protection agencies and then handled by the family rather than criminal courts, which keeps the public less aware, less anxious and less vigilant.   Cites Belknap (2001) who differentiated between Sex Differences and Gender Differences, suggested that criminal justice system be more 'gender responsive' by targeting 'female specific pathways to criminality'.  Recommends that CJS ensure parity with a range of services for both sexes
Embry, Randa & Lyons, Phillip M.	2012	Sex-based sentencing: sentencing discrepancies between male and female sex offenders	Feminist Criminology	7 (2), 2012, pp146-162			Legal issues or research issues
Men receive longer sentences for sex offenses than women, supporting the chivalry hypothesis; Chivalry thesis, a form of paternalism, asserts that women are weaker and that their actions are not seen as completely valid. Women should not be held to the same standards as men in the CJS as they are not fully responsible for their actions. Grounded assumptions based on traditional roles: Blame-worthiness attribution (assumes women are less blameworthy based on her role as caretaker and statistically lower recidivism rate) & Bounded rationality (judges use when making their sentencing decisions; without sufficient information, judges may rely on stereotypes of groups). Cites Koons-Witt 2002, who found that, after accounting for personal characteristics of offenders based on gender roles, such as responsibility for child care, the impact of gender on sentencing decisions is diminished. Women w/ kids got less time, before sentencing guidelines were implemented. Cites Jeffries et al 2003 found that, after controlling for child care, women were still sentenced more leniently than men. Even after the implementation of determinate sentencing, judges are more apt to consider extralegal factors for women when making sentencing decisions. Used data from National Corrections Reporting Program, US DOJ 1998-2010, which included admissions and release info for 38 states, the California Youth Authority and the BOP. Condensed all categories down to 5: rape, statutory rape, sexual assault, child sexual assault and forcible sodomy. Took random sample of 3,000 cases from males and from females. Data showed that most cases for both gender was Sexual Assault, but all other cases showed relatively even distribution between genders, w/ exception of Statutory Rape; women accounted for 65.2% of these offenders. Factorial ANOVA showed that, not only do the variables Sex and Offense display significant differences between groups, but the interaction between the 2 variables also shows significant difference with regard to sentence length. Found significant differences in mean sentence length by gender for Rape, Child Sexual Assault and Forcible Sodomy; men are sentenced to longer prison terms
Erulkar,A.S.	2004	The experience of sexual coercion among young in Kenya	International Family Planning Perspectives	182-189			Legal issues or research issues
11% of males reported experiencing sexxual coercion, these effects were observed for victims of both 7 and 12 years old while it was expected only for the 12 year old victims.
Espelage, D.L., Basile, K.C., & Hamburger, M.E.	2012	Bullying perpetration and subsequent sexual violence perpetration among middle school students.	Journal of Adolescent Health	50(1), 60-65			Legal issues or research issues
N=1,391 female & male students grades 5-8 in American Midwest; 22% of female students reported making sexual comments to other students, 7% spread sexual rumors about another person, 2% of girls pulled at another person's clothing. Behavior at this age appeared to be a form of homophobic bullying
Espelage, D.L.,&De La Rue, L.	2013	Examining Predictors of Bullying and Sexual Violence Perpetration Among Middle School Female Students	Perceptions of Female Offenders	25-45	Springer New York		Legal issues or research issues
N=576 female middle school students (grades 5-7, ages 11-15), American Midwest; used longitudinal study to see if there was an association between being a bully and perpetrating sexual harassment. Measured whether they made sexual comments, spread sexual rumors, groped other's clothing.  28% of the girls made sexual comments during last year. Predictors of sexual harassment were dismissive attitudes towards it and past perpetration of sexual harassment.  Bullying was predicted by sibling aggression and delinquency; the two did not overlap.
Evans, Kathleen.	2012	Media Representations of Male and Female ‘Co-Offending’: How female offenders are portrayed in comparison to their male counterparts	Internet Journal of Criminology				Legal issues or research issues
Feiring,C., Taska, L., & Lewis,M	1996	A process model for understanding adaptation to sexual abuse.  The role of shame in defining stigmatizaion.	Child abuse & neglect	20(8), 767-782			Legal issues or research issues
Felson, R.B., & Cundiff, P.R.	2014	Seuxal assault as a crime against young people.	Archives of sexual behavior	43(2) 273-284			Legal issues or research issues
Fiebert, M.S. & Osburn, K	2001	Effect of gender and ethnicity on self-reports of mild, moderate, and severe sexual coercion	Sexuality and Culture	5(2), 3-11			Legal issues or research issues
N=452 college students; used Revised Conflicts Tactics Scale (items include coercion up to threats and violence). Males were more likely to report having experienced sexual coercion (all levels including severe/use of force).  Females were more likely to report feeling 'sexually taken advantage of', which may be an artefact of gender role expectations in the reporting.
Fischer,G.J.	1992	Gender differences in college student sexual abuse victims and their offenders.	Annals of Sex Research	4 5 215-226			Legal issues or research issues
N=796 college students completed anonymous sex survey about their histories of sexual victimization. 14% of women were abused by another female, most commonly a baby-sitter, 64% of males were abused by a female and 38% of male victims experienced incestuous abuse rather than abuse by a non-relative.
Forward,S & Buck, C.	1988	Betrayal of Innocence	Incest and its Devastation		Penguin Books		Legal issues or research issues
Franklin C.A., & Fearn, N.E.	2008	Gender race, and formal court decision-making outcomes: Chivalry/paternalism, conflict theory or gender conflict?	Journal of Criminal Justice	36(3), 279-290			Legal issues or research issues
White females are viewed as more amenable to treatmentthan non-white females.
Freedner,N., Freed,L.H.,yang,Y.W.,&Austin, S.B.	2002	Dating violence among gay,lesbian,and bisexual adolescents: Results from a community survey.	Journal of Adolescent Health	31(6), 469-474			Legal issues or research issues
.  N=521 GBL adolescents filled out self-report survey at a rally. Found that 14.5-21.9% of the non-heterosexual females reported sexual victimization by an inmate partner.
Frei,A.	2008	Media consideration of sex offenders: How community response shapes a gendered perspective	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology	52, 495-498			Legal issues or research issues
Media portrayal of female offenders often focuses on emotionally fragile" teacher-lover situations, which represent a small proportion of actual female sex offender cases
Friedman,S.H	2015	Realistic Consideration of Women and Violence is Critical	Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online.	43(3), 273-276			Legal issues or research issues
Noted that women are responsible for 15-20% of child sexual victimization but are under-represented in prisons for this due to socio-cultural misconceptions, notes that most treatment programs assume the perp is male.
Fromuth, Mary Ellen, Aimee Holt, and April L. Parker	2002	Factors affecting college students' perceptions of sexual relationships between high school students and teachers	Journal of Child sexual abuse	10, no. 3 (2002): 59-73			Legal issues or research issues
The male teacher/female student combination was viewed more negatively than the female teacher/male student pairing
Garnefski,N., Diekstra,R.F.W., & Heus,P.D.	1992	A population-based survey of he characteristics of high school students with and without a history of suicidal behavior.	Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica	86(3), 189-196			Legal issues or research issues
Gilgun,Jane	2010	What child sexual abuse means to a women and girl perpetrators					Legal issues or research issues
Glasser,M., Kolvin,L.,, Campbell,D., Glasser,A.,Leitch, I & Farrelly,S.	2001	Cycle of child sexual abuse; lins between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator	British Journal of Psychiatry	179, 482-494			Legal issues or research issues
A high percentage of male subjects abused in childhood by a female relative became perpetrators
Graham, A.	2007	Simply sexual: The discrepancy in treatment between male and female sex offenders [196]	Whittier Journal of Child & Family Advocacy	0, 145			Legal issues or research issues
Grayson,J	1989	Female sex offenders	Virginia Child Protection Newsletter	28(1), 5-8			Legal issues or research issues
Notes serious under-reporting, notes that F.S.O.s are different from M.S.O. in that they are more likely to be related to their victims.  Recommends assertiveness training as part of treatment.
Greer,A.E. & Buss D.M.	1994	Tactics for promoting sexual encounters.	Journal of Sex Research	31(3), 185-201			Legal issues or research issues
Women have access to a variety of high pressure tactics for sex.
Grier,P.E, & Cark, M.A.	1987	Female sexual offenders in a prison setting	Unpublished manuscript		St Louis, MO Behavioral Science Institute Inc		Legal issues or research issues
Hassan,Mona	2014	Patterns of sexual abuse among children who received care in an emergency department in a Midwestern city	Doctoral dissertation Case Western Reserve University				Legal issues or research issues
Used convenience sample of N-95 children ages 6-14 at ER from 2006-2010. 14% of the victims were male, 3.2% of the perpetrators were female.
Hayes, S., & Carpenter, B.	2013	Social moralities and discursive constructions of female sex offenders	Sexualities	16(1-2) 159-179			Legal issues or research issues
Analyzes the way the issue of child sexual abuse by women is created via public discussion.  In late 20th Century, the focus was on male (non-familial) perps and female victims.  MSO behavior was seen as existing on the continuum of normal male behavior (males are hypersexual and have difficulty controlling themselves).  This way of framing the discussion forces women in to the narrow frame of being the Non-Sex Offender (passive, non-sexual, nurturing).  Women who engage in sexual offending against minors were framed as emotionally dependent upon their coercive male partners, leaving the males in control.  If the FSO worked solo, then the behavior was due to their own abuse history.  Only recently has there been a more full discussion of the idea of women committing sexual offenses of their own volition but the discussion remains oversimplified and gendered.  The women are either Evil and having betrayed the trust of the world by not being inherently nurturing to children or are Mad/Insane because she had her natural nurturance of children removed by her own abuse.   Had she not been abused, she never would have committed the sexual offenses.   If the victim is past puberty but not yet of age to consent and male, then the issue is constructed differently, with the victim described as 'lucky' (something never used with female victims) and the woman seen as more sad/pathetic than malicious.  Females can't be predatory as that would de-masculinize the male victim and would position female as having sexual desire in a world where women are not seen as having their own sexual subjectivity. Authors note that sex ed for females only teaches them about dealing with the issues related to being a receptacle of male sexuality (pregnancy/contraception) rather than any discussion of desire by the female.  Also discusses Australian laws related to age of consent for sex.
Hayes,S., & Baker,B	2014	Female Sex Offenders and Pariah Femininities: Rewriting the Sexual Scripts	Journal of Criminology				Legal issues or research issues
The article analyzed the way UK & Australia media reports (487 reports 2000-2010) on sexual offending in a way that reinforce traditional gender norms and 'hinders' the development of awareness of FSO's.  Notes that pedophiles are viewed as having both deviant sexual interest and exercise of power over others (children), which is very different from the way women are viewed.  Notes that women must be viewed as offending because of previous trauma or other external pressure in order to maintain myth that women are safe nurturers and sexual gatekeepers.   Divided articles up between those that mentioned prepubescent victims (<11 yrs) versus those that noted pubescent victims (>12 yrs).  41 FSO's were identified with prepubescent victims and 74 for pubescent victims.  Perp ages ranged from 19-62 yrs.  Most of the FSO's who victimized prepubescent victims were discussed as the accomplice of a manipulative male.  The FSOs were discussed in language that fit 6 themes including minimization/mitigation (she is a victim, emotionally dependent on a male and not responsible for her behavior), sensationalism (voyeuristic style information), demonizing (posed as male, is lesbian or bisexual), pathologizing (PTSD, substance abuse, depression), romanticizing (used terms like 'seduced', 'lover') and women as nurturing (FSO also a mother).
Hayes,Sharon L, & Carpenter,Belinda J	2010	Absence of malice: constructiong the female sex offender.	In Moral Panics in the Contemporary World	10-12 December 2010	Brunel University, London UK		Legal issues or research issues
Hearn, Jeff, Andersson, Kjerstin and Cowburn, Malcolm	2007	Background Paper on Guidelines for Researchers on Doing Research with Perpetrators of Sexual Violence.	Project Report. Sexual Violence Research Initiative				Legal issues or research issues
Hequembourg,A.L., Livingston,J.A., & Parks, K.A.	2013	Sexual victimization and associated risks among lesbian and bisexual women.	Violence Against Women	20(10), 1-24.1077801213490557			Legal issues or research issues
Hetherton,J	1999	The idealization of women: Its role in the minimizationof child sexual abuse by females	Child abuse & neglect	23, 161-174			Legal issues or research issues
Hickey,N., McCrory,E.,, Farmer,E. & Vizard,E.	2008	Comparing the developmental and behavioural characteristics of female and male juveniles who present with sexually abusive behaviour	Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory, and practice	14(3), 241-252			Legal issues or research issues
N=22 female juveniles (micro-sample) who committed sexual abuse. Study suggested F.S.O.'s have a different pathway to offending than males
Higgs,D.C., Canavan, M.M. & Meyer,W.J.III	1992	Moving from defense to offense: The development of an adolescent female sex offender	Journal of Sex Research	29(1) 131-139			Legal issues or research issues
The development of a 14?year?old female from defending herself from sexual crimes to committing such a crime is presented in case?report form
Hovey, Angela	2005	Feminism as a context for understanding and responding to female sexual offending	Canadian Social Work Review/Revue canadienne de service social	(2005): 89-102			Legal issues or research issues
Hovey, Angela; B.J. Rye & Carol A. Stalker	2013	Do Therapists' Beliefs about Sexual Offending Affect Counseling Practices with Women?	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	22 (5) 2013			Legal issues or research issues
This study explored whether counseling practices with women survivors of child sexual abuse reflect the belief that women do not sexually abuse children. Canadian therapists (n = 164) who work with women survivors of child sexual abuse were surveyed about their beliefs about what constitutes child sexual abuse, who commits child sexual abuse, and their practices regarding inquiries about abusive behavior. A majority self-reported that they ask women and think it is important to ask but most believe that clients will not spontaneously self-disclose inappropriate sexual thoughts or behaviors. How broadly or narrowly therapists defined child sexual abuse was not related to self-reported therapeutic discussion. Therapists demonstrated differential gender beliefs about child sexual abuse perpetration, but this did not relate to self-reported counseling practices. Implications for therapist education are discussed
Hovey,A.K.	2010	An Exploration of Counselling Practices with Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Should Therapists Ask About Thoughts or Behaviour Involving Sex with Children?	Unpublished dissertation Wilfrid Laurier University				Legal issues or research issues
Notes that the helping professions have been reluctant to acknowledge female sexual abuse of minors, despite the increased risk of offending by female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Asked if therapists working with female adult survivors ask questions about perpetration thoughts/behaviors. Found that, while 70% of the surveyed therapists think that it is important to ask about possible perpetration thoughts/behaviors, they didn't actually do so.  The therapists also held gendered ideas of what was sexually abusive behavior, viewing behaviors such as perpetration by a male as more 'inappropriate' than the same behavior by a female.
Hughes,T.L., Haas,A.P., Razzano,L., Cassidy,R., & Matthews,A.	2000	Comparing lesbians' and heterosexual women's mental health: A multi-site survey	Journal of gay & Lesbian Social Services	11(1), 57-76			Legal issues or research issues
Descriptive study, N=550 lesbians from 2 major US cities 1004-1996.  16% reported a history of sexual assault by an inmate partner
Izdebski,Z.	2012	Seksualnosc Polakow na poczatku XXI wieku Studium badawcze (Poles' sexuality in the early twenty-first century.  A research study)	Wydawnictwo Unwersytetu Jagiellonskiego Krakow		Jagiellonian University Press		Legal issues or research issues
Polish study overall rates of sexual aggression victimization 36.4% for men and 31.3% for women
Jennings,K.T.	1994	Female child molesters: A review of the literature. In M. Elliott (Ed)	Female Sexual Abuse of Children	219-234	New York : The Guilford Press		Legal issues or research issues
Johansson-Love,J.	2007	A 2x2 comparison of offender and gender; what characteristics do female sex offenders have in common with other offender groups?	Unpublished dissertation West Virginia University				Legal issues or research issues
Johnson, Dana.	2004	Child Support Obligations That Result from Male Sexual Victimization: An Examination of the Requirement of Support	Northern Illinois University Law Review	25 (2004): 515			Legal issues or research issues
Johnson,R.J.,Ross,M.W., Taylor,W.C., Williams,M.L., Carvaial,R.I.,&Peters,R.J.	2006	Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among incarcerated males in county jail	Child abuse & neglect	30(1), 75-86			Legal issues or research issues
N=100 male inmates, 59% reported sexual abuse prior to age 13 years, average first age of abuse 9.6 years, 90% of the perpetrators were female either friends (n-72) or family members (n=56
Jones, Ruth	2002	Inequality from Gender-Neutral Laws: Why Must Male Victims of Statutory Rape Pay Child Support for Children Resulting from Their Victimization	Georgia law Review	36 411-464 2001-2002			Legal issues or research issues
Katz,J., Moore,J.A., & Tkachuk,S.	2007	Verbal sexual coercion and perceived victim responsibility: Mediating effects of perceived control	Sex Roles	57(3-4), 235-247			Legal issues or research issues
Knack, N.M., Murphy,L., Ranger, R., Metson C., Fedoroff J.P	2015	Assessment of Female Sexual Arousal in Forensic Populations	Current psychiatry reports	17  (4) 1-8			Legal issues or research issues
. Reviewed the research on Vaginal Photoplethysmography to measure female genital arousal and whether or not it is category-specific.
Krahe,B., Berger,A., Vanwesenbeeck I., Bianchi, G., Chliaoutakis J., Fernandez-Fuertes, A.A., Antonio Fuertesg, Margarida Gaspar de Matosh, Eleni Hadjigeorgioui, Birgitt Hallerj, Sabine Hellemansk, Zbigniew Izdebskil,M, Christiana Koutai, Dwayne Meijinckesc, Liubove, Muraskienen, Maria Papadakakie, Lucia Romiroh, Marta Reish, Katrien Symonsk, Paulina Tomaszewskaa, Isabel Vicario-Molinag & Andrzej Zygadlol	2015	Prevalence and correlates of young people's sexual aggression perpetration and victimisation in 10 Europen countries: a multi-level analysys	Culture Health & Seuxality	pages 01-18			Legal issues or research issues
Data regarding sexual victimization and Perpetration from 10 countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain). N = 3,480 (heterosexual participants aged between 18 and 27 years). Between 2.6%-14.8% of females reported having perpetrated at least one act of sexual aggression.  Between 10.1%-55.8% of males reported having experienced at least one incident of sexual victimization since the age of consent. In 2 countries, sexual victimization rates were significantly higher for males than for females.  Victimization correlated with alcohol use during sexual encounters. Perpetration correlated negatively with sexual assertiveness in women ?????   Lower gender equality in political power and higher sexual assertiveness in women relative to men were linked to higher male victimization rates. Gender gap for perpetration was significant in only 4 countries (Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, & Spain).  The lowest total rates found in Belgium (5.5% for men and 2.6% for women) and the highest total rates found in Greece (48.7% for men and 14.8% for women). In terms of technique of sexual aggression, both genders exploited the victim's inability to resist (2.5% for women), used physical force (2.2% for women) and verbal pressure (2.3% for women).  4.6% of women responded yes to at least one question about perpetration of sexual aggression towards current or former sexual partner.   27.1% of men reported sexual victimization, ranging from 10.1% in Belgium to 55.8% in Greece.  In 5 countries, the men reported higher victimization rates than did women (Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Portugal) with only Cyprus and Lithuania statistically significant.  15.8% of males reported being victims of physical force, 14.6% were victims of their inability to resist, 11.2% were victims of verbal pressure and 7.8% were victims of the perpetrator's authority.  23.4% of males were victimized by current or former partner but in Belgium, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain, their perpetrators were mostly acquaintances.  Women were more accepting of dating violence than were men, which was a significant predictor of sexual aggression perpetration.  For every increase in one scale point in acceptance of dating aggression, the odds of being in the perpetrator group went up 84% for women. For women, their odds of perpetrating sexual aggression increased by 11% per year of age. Oddly, their odds of being a perp was reduced by 1/3 for every scale point on the sexual assertiveness measure
Krahe,B., Scheinberger-Olwig,R., & Kolpin,S.	2000	Ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as a risk marker of sexual aggression	Sex Roles: A journal of Research	42 (5-6) 313,337			Legal issues or research issues
Krahe,B., Tomaszewska,P., Kuyper L., & Vanwesenbeeck,I	2014	Prevalence of sexual aggression among young people in Europe: A review of the evidence from 27 EU countries	Aggression and Violent Behavior	19, 545-558			Legal issues or research issues
Comprehensive review of 113 prevalence studies conducted in 27 countries of the European Union, 104 presented data on female sexual victimization and 71 presented data on male victimization, as part of a Youth Sexual Aggression & Victimization project.  The rates of female sexual aggression ranged from 0.8% to 40%.
Kramer,S.	2015	Surfacing (im) possible victims: A crtcal revew of the role of gender, sexuality nad pwer in constructing the condtions of possiilty for South African victims of female sex cromes.	Sexualtes. Kramer,S (2015)	18(3), 346-372			Legal issues or research issues
Estimated that 0.6% of all incarcerated women in South African prison were sexual offenders.
Krienert,J. & Walsh, J	2011	Sibling sexual abuse: An emprirical analysis of offender, victim, and event characteristics in national incident-based reprting system (NIBRS) data, 2000-2007	Journal of Child Abuse	20(4), 353-372			Legal issues or research issues
Used data from National Incident-based Reporting System 1000-2007, suggests expanding definition related to both age and gender.  7.8% of the offenders were female.  4% of the cases were sister-sister sexual abuse, 3.8%  were sister abuse of brother. Noted that male and female offenders inflicted the same severity of sexual abuse
Krug,E.G., Mercy,J.A., Dahlberg L.L. & Zwi A.B. eds	2002	World report on violence and healh.  Geneva, World Health Organization.					Legal issues or research issues
Reports of rate of sexual coercion against men by women was 13.4% in Tanzania and 20% in Peru.
Krugman,S, Mata,L., & Krugman R	1992	Sexual abuse and corporal punishment during childhood: a pilot retorspectie survey of university students in Costa Rica. .	Pediatrics	90(1), 157-161			Legal issues or research issues
2.1% of the female victims were sexually abused by their mothers; 36.8% of the males and 8% of the females were sexually victimized by a woman.
Kubik E.K, Hecker, J.E. & Righthand, S	2002	Adolescent females who have sexually offended: Comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offended	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	11(3), 63-83			Legal issues or research issues
N=11 adolescent F.S.O. compared to matched adolescent non-sexual offenders. Both groups had high levels of cognitive distortions about their offending but the S.O.s level was higher
Lambert,S., & O'Halloran,E	2008	Deductive theatic analysis of a female paedophilia website	Psychiatry, Psychology and Law	15(2), 284-300			Legal issues or research issues
Lane,K.E., & Gwartney-Gibbs,P.A.	1985	Violence in the context of dating and sex	Journal of Family Issues	6(1), 45-59			Legal issues or research issues
325 students with modified version of Conflict Tactics Scale, 1% of the women threatened to end a relationship if their partner didn't have intercourse with them, 2.2% reported using continual pressure to obtain intercourse, 2.5% insulted partner to obtain sex, 1.8% got their partner drunk or high to get sex.  About 1% of the women threatened or actually used force to get intercourse.
Langstrom,N., & Hanson, R.K.	2006	High rates of  sexual behavior in the general populaton: Correlates and predictors	Archives of sexual behavior	35(1), 37-52			Legal issues or research issues
Both males and females with paraphilia report a high rate of sex partners, of sexual behavior and of sexual appetite/drive.   Data from N=2,450 Swedish males/females from 1996 national survey.  Was a representative, non-clinical sample.  For both sexes, there was an association between paraphilic sexual interests and hypersexuality (equally strong correlation). For both sexes, impersonal or sociosexuality was correlated with relational instability, substance use, general life dissatisfaction.  Hypersexuality in female was associated with being younger, having parents who separated during one's childhood, early onset age of intercourse, paraphilic interests, and STDs/
Lapierre, Vanessa & Christian C. Joyal	2015	Describing Perpetrators of Unknown Rapes: A Qualitative Analysis of Autobiographical Accounts from 676 Victims	Poster Session ATSA 10/15/15				Legal issues or research issues
Used data from 2013 social media site on rape episodes that were never reported to police.  N=619 women, N=40 men with 3% of perpetrators listed as female.
Levine, K. L.	2006	No Penis, No Problem [292]	Fordham Urban Law Journal		Emory Public Law Research Paper No. 05-37		Legal issues or research issues
Linda,Julia A.	2008	A Mother's Touch: Surviving Mother-Daughter Sexual Abuse			Trafford Publishing		Legal issues or research issues
London, Ellen	2004	A Critique of the Strict Liability Standard for Determining Child Support in Cases of Male Victims of Sexual Assault and Statutory Rape	University of Pennsylvania Law Review	152 (6) (2004): 1957-1999			Legal issues or research issues
A 34-year-old woman engages in statutory rape of a 15-year-old boy and becomes pregnant. She gives birth to a daughter and thereafter applies for Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Is the child’s father obligated to pay child support even though he is a victim of statutory rape? So long as a man engages in an intimate sexual act resulting in his depositing of his sperm with a woman who then becomes pregnant, he is liable for child support.
London,Ellen	2004	"A Critique of the Strict Liability for Determining Child Support in Cases of Male Victims of Sexual Assault and Statutory Rape"	University of Pennsylvania Law Review	152(6) (2004): 1957-1999			Legal issues or research issues
A 34-year-old woman engages in statutory rape of a 15-year-old boy and becomes pregnant. She gives birth to a daughter and thereafter applies for Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Is the child's father obligated to pay child support even though he is a victim of statutory rape? So long as a man engages in an intimate sexual act resulting in his depositing of his sperm with a woman who then becomes pregnant, he is liable for child support.
Lottes,I.L.	1992	The relationship between nontraditional gender toles and sexual coercion	Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality	4(4), 89-109			Legal issues or research issues
Lottes,I.L., & Weinberg,M.S.	1997	Sexual coercion among university students: A comparision of the United States and Sweden	The Journal of Sex Research	34(1), 67-76			Legal issues or research issues
Lukaszek,M	2013	Szorstka mlodosc. Socializacyine wyznaczniki zachowan seksualnych mlodziezy (Na podstawie badan whychowwankow Ochotniczyc Hufcow Pracy) Rough youth. Socializing dterminants.	Socialization determinants of young people's sexual behavior (based on students from Voluntary Labor Corps)			Rzeszow University Rzeszow Press	Legal issues or research issues
.   overall rates of sexual aggression victimization such as 32% for men and 35.4% for women
Mandelblatt,A.W.	2007	The Stories that Aren't Told:Female Sexual Offenders	doctoral thesis		Wildener University, Pennsylvania		Legal issues or research issues
Manopaiboon,C., Kilmarx, P.H., Limpakarnjanarat,K., Jenkins,R.A.,Chaikummao,S.,supawitkul,S.,& van Griensven, F.	2003	Sexual coercion among adolescents in northern Thailand: prevalence and associated factors	Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine	34: 441-457			Legal issues or research issues
6.5% of males reported experiencing sexual coercion
Mason,A., & Blankenship, V.	1987	Power and affiliation motivation, stress, and abuse in intimate relationships.	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	52(1), 203			Legal issues or research issues
N=107 female undergraduate students, ages 18-39 (mean 20 years). Given Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and asked to write imaginative stories in response to 4 gender-specific verbal cues:   two young women or men working together in a science laboratory; a young woman or man talking about something important to her or his mother or father; a woman and a man sitting together drinking beer while a guitarist plays; three businesswomen or businessmen sitting around a conference table.  Also given Life Experiences Survey and modified version of Conflicts Tactics Scale to investigate the amount of physical/psych abuse they inflicted on partners in last year. Had good inter-rater reliability with TAT coders. Women were defined as having a high n-power if score was =/+49.1 and high n-affiliation if score was =/+51.0, hi inhibition if score was =/+47.6, high-negative-stress if scores were =/+11.6.   No significant sex difference for n=power or activity inhibition.  For women, there was a triple interaction; negative stress X activity inhibition X n-affiliation.  Women with high negative stress who also had high n-affiliation and low activity inhibition reported inflicting more physical abuse on their partners.  Women with high negative stress, high n-affiliation and low activity inhibition also engaged in more psychological abuse of partners. Women with low negative stress, low n-affiliation and high activity inhibition reported inflicting the least physical abuse on their partners. The women who reported having the most negative life events were significantly more likely to inflict more physical abuse.
Matravers,A.	2002	Women Sex offenders: The use and misuse of classification.	meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Chicago				Legal issues or research issues
McGinnis,W.J.	2015	The validity of the Iowa Sex Offender Risk Assessment for predicting recidivism in female sexual offenders.	Dissertation University of Iowa				Legal issues or research issues
Assessed whether the ISORA could predict recidivism of FSOs.  Recidivism measured as new conviction for sexual crime or other violent crime vs. any new conviction. N=105 FSOs from Ioa.  Notes the disconnection between the available literature on female criminals (focused more on their victim histories, their economic plight) vs. the Bureau of Justice Statistics' reporting on female involvement in kidnapping, rape and sexual assault.   Discussed recidivism base rates (proportion of population who does the behavior), which is related to a variety of factors including length of follow-up, measurement used, etc. Cites Dowden & Andrews' (1999) met-analysis of high/low risk female offenders which reported that treatment targeting Criminogenic factors were showed stronger treatment effects.
Mcleod,D.A.	2015	Female offeders in child sexual abuse cases: A national picture	Journal of child sexual abuse	24(1), 97-114			Legal issues or research issues
Used National Child Abouse & Neglect Data Systems Child File 2010, linked each Perp to a specific Substantiated sexual abuse case.  N=13,492 females. F.S.O targeted female victims in 68% of cases, male victims in 31.8% Mean victim age for F.S.O. was 9.43 years; they had a larger range of victims including younger victims, compared to M.S.O.s. When the perp was a co parent, it was 4.5 times more likely that the perp was female; female offenders were listed as parent of the victim in nearly 80% of the ases. When the perp was an adoptive parent, it was 3 times more likely tht the perp was female.  In 'care-taker' cases it was 1.5 times more likely that the perp was female.  If the victim was re-victimied by  a prior abuser, it was nearly twie more likely that this re-offending perp was female.• When the victim was known to have used drugs, then the perp was 3 times more likely to have been a female.  When the victim was physically disabled, then it was more than 2.5 times likely that the perp was female and almost twice as likely to be female if the victim had previously reported maltreatment of any kind.  • If there was Domestic Violence in the home, then the perp was 2 ½ times more likely to be female. The author of this study assumes that the domestic violence is being perpetrated against the female, without providing data for that assumption.  Given that intimate partner violence by females is wide spread (see Archer), this assumption would need to be substantiated. • In this study, F.S.O.s were identified in 1 out of 5 substantiated cases as the primary perp.  In cases of 2 perps/co-offenders, 42% of cases had F.S.O. as secondary perp.
McLeod,D.A., Natale,A.P., & Johnson, Z.R.	2015	Comparing Theoretical Perspectives on Female Sexual Offending Behaviors: Applying a Trauma-Informed Lens.	Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment	pages 1-14			Legal issues or research issues
Miller, Susannah	1995	Overturning of Michael M: Statutory Rape Law becomes Gender-Neutral in Connecticut	UCLA Women’s Legal Journal				Legal issues or research issues
Minasian,M.A., & Lewis,A.D.	1999	Female sexual abusers: An unrecognized culture. In A.D. Lewis (Ed)	Cultural diversity in sexual abuser treatment: Issues and approaches		71 Brandon VT-Safer Society Press		Legal issues or research issues
Morgan,L.,, Brittain, B., & Welch,J.	2012	Multiple Perpetrator Sexual Assault How Does it Differ From Assault by a Single Perpetrator?	Journal of interpersonal violence	27(12), 2415-2436			Legal issues or research issues
Morris JF, Balsam KF	2003	Lesbian and bisexual women's experiences of victimization: mental health, re-victimization, and sexual identity development	Journal of Lesbian Studies	7:67-85			Legal issues or research issues
.  N=2,431 lesbians and bisexual women, national sample, 1.3-4.8% reported sexual victimization by an intimate partner.
Moyano,N., & Sierra,J.C.	2015	Sexual victimization, sexual conditions, desire and excitation/inhibition in community Spanish male and female sexual aggressors.	Journal of Sexual Aggression	pages 1-16			Legal issues or research issues
N=community sample of 228 males (67 history of sexual aggression) & 333 females (43 history of sexual aggression). Aggressor females reported more frequent thoughts of dominance and more negative impersonal cognitions
National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth	2004	NCSBY Fact Sheet: What Research Shows About Female Adolescent Sex Offenders					Legal issues or research issues
Not Yet Published	1995-2013	Female Sex Offende: s there a difference between solo and co-offenders?	Journal of Interpersonal Violence				Legal issues or research issues
dataset is all FSO's convicted of sex crime in Arkansas 1995-2013 and sentenced to prison or probation. N=209. Mean age 30.5.  There was a 3 year average age differene between Solo and Co, with Solos being younger; Most were white: only 1 female/female co-offender pair.  Most co-offenders were married.  Both groups tended to be employed at a time of offense and have a HS dimploma but solos were more likely. Only 9 out of the entire sample had a prior sex crime arrest and only 23% had any previous arrest at al.  Victims ranged from -=52 mean=13/4 median=14. Solo victim average age=14 co-offender victim average=11.  The average age of Mother's victim was 8.5 yrs (6 years younger than the rest of the sample average.) 58% of solo victims were male; 42% were female.  71% of co-offender victims were female; 29% were male.  Most common conviction were 2nd degree sexual assault (non penetration of <14 yr old) and 4th degree (statutory rape).  Noted that due to plea bargaining, the conviction did not necessarily represent the actual offense.  Most frequent relationship was mother;child (27% and teacher;student (12%).  They collapsed the realtionships into Position of Trust (85% were solos) Mother (35% were co-offending) Other Relative and NO Relation. If the victim was male, the likelihood of this involving a solo offender increased by 1077%.
NSPCC.	2009	More Children telling Childline about Female sex abusers			Press release		Legal issues or research issues
O'Shea,K.A., & Fletcher,B.R.	1997	Female Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography			Westport CT : Greenwood		Legal issues or research issues
Oswald, D.L., & Holmgreen, L.	2013	Female Sexual Aggression on College Campusus: Prevalence, Correlates, and Perceptions	Perceptions of Female Offenders	77-91	Springer New York		Legal issues or research issues
Defined sexual aggression as broad range of behaviors designed to result in sexual interaction with individuals against his/her will, including threats to end relationship, to use violence as well as exploitation of incapacitated state.  Implications for minimizing female sexual aggression includes lack of criminal justice acknowledgment, less assistance (restraining orders), less services for the victims.
Pereda,N.,, Guilera,G., Forns,M.,& Gomez-Benito,J	2009	The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis	Clinic Psychology Review	29(4), 328-338			Legal issues or research issues
. Reviewed prevalence using electronic database of 65 articles (22 countries).  7.9% of males reported sexual victimization in childhood with a severity similar to that of female victims.
Peterson,Z.D., Voller, E.K., Polusny, M.A., & Murdoch,M	2011	Prevalence and consequences of adult sexual assault of men: Revew of empirical findings and state of the literature	Clinic Psychology Review	(2011) 31 (1) 1-24			Legal issues or research issues
Cites myth that males can't be sexually assaulted and aren't physically or emotionally harmed by it.  Article reviews the empirical research on topic. 87 relevant studies were identified, with wide range of methods and populations which gave vastly different prevalence rates. Inmates, veterans and non-heterosexual males reported higher rates of sexual victimization than other populations. Few studies examined consequences of male adult sexual assault but those that have noted the adverse consequences.
Petrovich,M. & Templer,D.I	1984	Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists	Psychological Reports	54,810			Legal issues or research issues
N=83 males in prison for rape, 59% of their perps were female.
Pflugradt,D.M,&Allen,B.P.		An Exploration of Differences Between Small Samples of Female Sex Offender Wth Prepubescent Versus Post-pubescent Victims.	Journal of child Sexual abuse	24(6), 682-697			Legal issues or research issues
.N=14 solo FSO's who offended against prepubescent victims and N=15 solo FSOs who offended against post-pubescent victims. Those who offended against pre-pubescent minors were more likely to have multiple paraphilias, poor compliance with supervision and poor problem solving skills.
Plumm,K.M. Nelson,K.D.,& Terrance,C.A.	2012	A Crime by Any Other Name: Effects of Media Reporting on Perceptions of Sex Offenses	Journal of Media Psychology	17(1)			Legal issues or research issues
N = 293, used fake crime report of arrest by male/female former teacher either worded as having "criminal sexual contact" or" sexual relationship" with 15 yr old male/female student. Could view perp as 'not guilty', 'guilty of improper relationship' 'guilty of sexual assault'. More likely to pick lesser charge of 'improper relationship' if language used 'sexual relationship' and recommended harsher sentencing
Poppen,P.J.,, & Segal, N.J.	1988	The influence of sex and sex role orientation on sexual coercion	Sex Roles	19(11-12) 689-7001			Legal issues or research issues
N=177 college students; used survey regarding use of physical/verbal sexual coercion.   Approximately 14% of women report engaging in sexually coercive behavior
Porter,L.E.,& Alison,L.J.	2004	Behavioural coherence in violent group activity: AN interpersonal model of sexually violent gang behaviour.	Aggressive behaviour	30(6), 449-468			Legal issues or research issues
Analyzed victim/perp interactions in 223 episodes of sexual violence (British, Norway & USA) by gangs, using archival records. N=210 groups/gangs, 739 offenders, of which 17 were female; most victims were female.  Criteria for inclusion was a sexual component of an attack by 2 or more perps but sexual attack wasn't necessarily the only function of the attack; 22% of cases involved murder as well as sexual attack. Found 4 main themes (dominance, submission, cooperation, hostility), which has also been seen in non-group sexual assaults and other forms of non-violent human interaction. Called the Interpersonal Circumplex, used to describe mutually influencing interactions.
Pozzulo, J. D., Dempsey, J., Maeder, E., & Allen, L.	2010	The Effects of Victim Gender, Defendant Gender, and Defendant Age on Juror Decision Making.	Criminal Justice and Behavior	37, 47-63			Legal issues or research issues
Prat,S., Bertsch, I., Chudzik,L. & Reveillere.C	2014	Women convicted of sexual offence, including child pornography production: Two Case Reports	Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine				Legal issues or research issues
. Includes the following statements "To our knowledge, no cases of women charged with sex-related offences, including child pornography, have been described in the literature".  Includes 2 cases of women who intentionally downloaded child porn, theorized that it was done in relation to male partners
Robertiello,G., Terry,K.J.	2007	Can we profile sex offenders? A review of sex offender typologies	Aggression and Violent Behavior	12(5), 508-518			Legal issues or research issues
Robitaille,M.P.,Cortoni,F.,	2014	La Pensee des femmes violentes: Les theories implicites liees au comportement violent	Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Reve Canadienne des sciences du comportement	42(2), 175			Legal issues or research issues
Uses Ward’s concept of Implicit theories (ITs) with violent offenders. Cites Polaschek, Calvert & Gannon’s 2008 study of male violent offenders found 4 basic Its: 1) Beat or be beaten, 2) I am the law, 3) Violence is normal, and 4) I lose control.  Author did same analysis of 21 Canadian violent women prisoners.  Suggested 5 ITs: 1) violence is normal (see it as an effective means to solve a problem or achieve an end, likely learned this due to witnessing and experiencing violence during childhood) and 2) I lose control (blame drugs, alcohol, menstruation, mental health, ‘black out’), 3) those who act unjustly worth beaten (their violence was justified) 4) I need to protect myself and others (from danger, 5) I am not violent (regardless of how many violent crimes committed had a disconnect between actions and how they saw themselves),  6) my life is too difficult (negative life experience have accumulated).  Divided women into two types; antisocial (juvenile delinquency, violence against non-family, more serious offense) vs. classic aggression (fewer violent crimes, have children, offended against someone they knew)
Rogers, Paul, Hurst, L and Davies, Michelle	2011	An investigation into the effect of respondent gender, victim age and perpetrator treatment on public attitudes towards sex offenders, sex offender treatment and sex offender rehabilitation	Journal of Offender Rehabilitation	50(8), 511-530			Legal issues or research issues
Romero-DeBell,C.	2015	Sex, Violence and Female Sex Offenders	Dissertation University of New Mexico 3682100				Legal issues or research issues
Noted lack of research on FSOs, making it difficult to ascertain accurately how wide-spread the problem is.  Purpose of dissertation was to look at the role gender plays in judicial attitudes towards FSOs.
Romito,P., & Grassi, M.	2007	Does violence affect one gender more than the other? The mental health impact of violence among male and female university students.	Social Science & Medicine	65(6), 1222-1234			Legal issues or research issues
The majority of unwanted sexual experiences involved female perpetrators.
Rossegger,A., Wetli,N., Urbaniok,F.,Elbert,T., Cortoni,F., & Endrass,J.	2009	Women convicted for violent offenses: Adverse childhoold experiences, low level of education and poor mental health	BMC psychiatry	9(1), 81			Legal issues or research issues
1 woman in sample was convicted of sexual offense.
Rothman,E.F.,Exner,D., & Baughman,A.L.	2011	The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as ay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: A systematic review	Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 1524838010390707				Legal issues or research issues
Lesbian & Bisexual women reported rates of sexual assault by their female partners ranting from 14.0% (Bernhard 2000), 21.9% (Freedner et al 2002), 16% (Hughes et al 2000), 27% (Moore & Waterman 1999), 11.4% (Tjaden et al 1999), 12% (Turrell 2000), 45% (Waldner-Haugrud & Gratch 1997), 30.6% Waterman et al 1989
Rush Burkey, Chris & ten Bensel, Tusty	2015	An Examination and Comparison of Rationalizations Employed by Solo and Co-Offending Female Sex Offenders	Violence and Gender	2(3), 168-178			Legal issues or research issues
N=55 convicted FSOs from a US southern state (1999-2005). Interviewed within 6 months of release or coming up for release.  Solo offenders mean age 26: Co offender means age 32 Solo offenders mostly victimized males, co-offenders mostly victimized females Solo victim age: 13.9 yrs: co offending victim means age 10 yrs Excuses: was an accident, I was impaired/drunk, was victim's fault.  Justification: no real harm done, victim was bad (promiscuous) Solo offenders tended to use Exuses more than Justification. Solos were more likely to blame the victim (claim it was 'consensual') than were co-offenders; co-offenders were more likely to blame their co-offender.  Examples: 20 yr old woman claimed 5 yr old physically forced her to perform oral sex on him; perp blames her preference for younger 'men' on her history of victimzation by males which made her 'afraid' of older males.  Perps claimed that only offended because of drugs/alcohol (most folks who are drunk/high don't offend); 12.5% of Solos used uncontrollable sex drive as excuse. One gave this excuse only but others mixed it with other excuses/justifications. (is this because it is socially unacceptable for women to admit strong sexual desire?) 25% were still denying guilt at time of interview(end of sentence) Does this increase their risk?
Russell, B.L., & Oswald, D.L.	2001	Stratgies and dispositional correlates of sexual coercion perpetrated by women: AN exploratory investigation	Sex Roles: A journal of Research	45(1-2), 103-115			Legal issues or research issues
Results found 18% of women to report engaging in sexually coercive behaviors. Coercive women exhibited higher tolerance of sexual harassment, and were significantly higher in femininity than non-coercive women. Coercive women were also found to embrace a ludic (manipulative, game-playing approach toward love) love-style significantly more than non-coercive women, while pragma (a logical approach toward love) was negatively associated with coercion. Lastly, a significant difference was found between coercive and non-coercive women and self-reported victimization. Eighty-one percent of women who reported using coercive strategies in their relationships also reported having been sexually victimized.
Russell, Brenda L. Debra L. Oswald, Shane W. Kraus	2011	Evaluations of Sexual Assault: Perceptions of Guilt and Legal Elements for Male and Female Aggressors Using Various Coercive Strategies	Violence and Victims	26 (6), 2011			Legal issues or research issues
This study examines the extent to which verdict, guilt, and legal components associated with jury instructions of sexual assault differ as a function of aggressor gender, participant gender, and sexual strategy used (consensual, verbal coercion, alcohol, or physical aggression) to obtain sex. Participants ( N _ 423; 276 women and 147 men) read a vignette depicting either a couple having consensual sex (control), or a male or female aggressor who initiates sexual intercourse via verbal coercion, use of alcohol, or physical abuse. College students were provided with legal instructions of sexual assault then asked to provide a verdict, degree of guilt, and legal components. Female participants rated guilt and coercion higher than did male participants. Ratings of guilt were highest in the physical assault condition followed by the alcohol, verbal, and control conditions. Female aggressors were rated less guilty than male aggressors. Results are explained in relation to sexual scripts and legal decision making. Lack of significance in verdict decisions and interaction effects suggests male and female aggressors are evaluated similarly using coercive strategies; yet, consent for sex was assumed and attributions of guilt was lower when the aggressor was female. Implications for jury instructions and future research are discussed.
Saleh, F. M., Dwyer, R. & Grudzinskas, A.	2006	An Integrated Look at Dually Diagnosed Female Sex Offenders and the Law	Journal of Dual Diagnosis	3(1), 23-32			Legal issues or research issues
Sandler, Jeff & Freeman, Naomi	2011	Female sex offenders and the criminal justice system: a comparison of arrests and outcomes’	Journal of sexual aggression: an international interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice	17 (1), 61-76			Legal issues or research issues
Sample of 128,000 offenders arrested for sexual offenses in NY state from 1986-2005, compared criminal justice processing of females arrested for sexual offenses to that of males arrested for same offenses. Offender gender significantly reduced the likelihood of incarceration for offenders convicted of sexual offenses.
Schiedegger, Amie R.		Female Sexual Offenders- does anyone really get hurt?	Controversies in Victimology			Laura J. Moriarty	Legal issues or research issues
Research shows that female sex offenders, like their male counterparts, promote the cycle of sexual victimization through the subsequent behavior of their victims. Researchers have shown that victims of sexual abuse are more likely to victimize others in the future than those who have not been sexually abused. Studies show that female sex offenders are more likely than non-offenders to have been the victims of sexual abuse at some time in their lives. A study of men who have been sexually aggressive toward women found that 80 percent had been sexually abused by a female during childhood. These research data confirm the view that sexual victimization promotes abusive sexual behavior by the victims. The prevention of sexual abuse by females must include changing prevalent views of female sexuality and gender-based sexual scripts. Whereas sexual abuse by males is viewed as prevalent, offensive, and particularly emotionally damaging to their victims, sexual offenses by females are viewed as rare, out of character for the gender, and less harmful to their victims compared to sex offenses by men. These views lead to underreporting by victims; victim blaming; and a tendency among victims to minimize the harms done to them, which makes it likely they will not seek victim services. Another factor that impedes the reporting and prosecution of female sex offenders is the failure of many sexual offense laws to take into account the abusive sexual behavior of females against males
Semonsky, M.R. & Rosenfeld, L.B.	1994	Perceptions of sexual violations: Denying a kiss, stealing a kiss	Sex Roles	30(7-8), 503-520			Legal issues or research issues
Used Margolin's 1990 study "Gender and the Stolen Kiss: The Social Support of Males and Females to Violate a Partner's Sexual Consenting Noncoercive Situation" as a starting point to compare female/male perceptions of minor sexual violation where male denies consent for a kiss and female kisses him anyways and vice versa. Females who violated sex role expectation and aggressed against male who had denied consent were seen as complimenting him.  Supported Margolin's conclusion that women have more social support than men for these types of violations.
Sickmund,M, Sladky, T.J., Kang,W., and Puzzanchera,C.	2013	"Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement" Online Available					Legal issues or research issues
• in 2011, 60 female youths were incarcerated at juvenile detention facilities for perpetrating sexual crimes.  It 106 in 2007, 186 in 2003,
Silverstein,M	2006	Justice in Genderland: Through a parole looking glass	Symbolic Interaction	29(3), 393-410			Legal issues or research issues
Observed parole hearings, noted that male offenders are supposed to take full responsibility for their crimes which in turn increased their likelihood of parole.  M.S.O.s who blamed others were less likely to be parole.  While he didn't look at F.S.O. parole hearings, he did find that females convicted of other offenses (drug trafficking) were more likely to be paroled if they described themselves as victims of males (male drug lords).
Simmons,R.	2003	Odd Girl Out:  The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls			Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books		Legal issues or research issues
Simon, Leonore & Zgoba Kristen	2007	Therapeutic jurisprudence and sex offender policies, part II	Sex Offender Law Report	7 (1), December/January 2006, pp 1-4			Legal issues or research issues
Policies should be enacted to reflect the differing specific risk factors for males and females and the failure to publicize cases of male victimization and the resultant policy omission of gender-specific preventative measures may facilitate the commission of new sex offenses against young boys.
Sloan,L, & Edmond,T.	1996	Shifting the focus: Recognizing the needs of lesbian and gay survivors of sexual violence	Journal of gay & Lesbian Social Services	5 (4), 33-52			Legal issues or research issues
Slotboom, Anne-Marie, Hendriks, Jan and Verbruggen, Janna	2011	"Contrasting adolescent female and male sexual aggression: A self-report study on prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression"	Journal of Sexual Aggression 17 no. 1 (2011)	15-33			Legal issues or research issues
Data from a low-risk school-based sample, a medium-risk school-based sample and a high-risk sample from eight different juvenile justice institutions. Participants reported on the strategy used to force a person into sexual contact against his/her will. Results showed that around 8% of the adolescent females reported having used sexual aggression against a person with the juvenile institution sample showed the highest rate. Further, we found that for adolescent females “beliefs about sexual behaviour” was the only predictor of sexually aggressive behaviour, while for adolescent males being a victim of sexual abuse was the most important predictor.
Smith,K.T.	2013	College students' Punitive Attitudes toward Five Types of Seex Offenders: Examining Factors that Influence Punitive Preferences	Thesis				Legal issues or research issues
Participants held less punitive attitudes towards female sex offenders, recommending them for rehabilitation and probation
Snyder,H.N.	2002	Juvenile arrests 2000			Washington D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. U.S.Department of Justice		Legal issues or research issues
females account for approximately 7% of juvenile arrests for sex offenses
Song,Y., C.Y., & Agardh, A.	2014	Sexual coercion and health-risk behaviors among urban Chinese high school students	Global health action 7				Legal issues or research issues
N=5,215 Chinese high school students; 30% of males experienced sexual coercion. Rates ranged from 20-33%, depending on age (14-20).  Noted boys who had experienced sexual coercion were more likely to have considered or attempted suicide.
Spape,J., Timmers,A.D., Yoon,S.,Ponseti,J.,& Chivers,M.L.	2014	Gender-specific genital and subjective sexual arousal to preptent sexual features in heterosexual women and men.	Biological psychology	102, 1-9			Legal issues or research issues
Spataro,J., Mullen, P.E., Burgess,P.M. ells,D.L. & Moss,S.A.	2004	Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health Prospective study in males and females.	The British Journal of Psychiatry	184(5), 416-421			Legal issues or research issues
Stathopoulos,Mary	2014	The exception that proves the rule: Female sex offending and the gendered nature of sexual volence	Australan Cenre for the Study of Sexual Assault				Legal issues or research issues
Key Messages: Male coercion is an important avenue for women's offending
Stennis, Joe	2006	Equal Protection Dilemma: Why male adolescent students need federal protection from adult female teachers who prey on them	Journal of Law & Education	(35), 2006 395-403			Legal issues or research issues
States have different ages of consent for males and females; States need to employ a standard, uniform age for sexual consent and non-consent to increase judicial efficiency and equity; The leniency of the court tends to give the impression that the adult female is the victim rather than the minor male child; Need to consider negative social consequences; if the female teacher becomes pregnant after having sex with a minor male student, the family court will view the male victim’s parental obligation separate from the abusive act that created the child.
Strause,M.A., Hamby, S.L.,Boney-McCoy,S., & Sugarman,D.B.	1996	The revised confict tactic scales: Development and preliminary psychometric data	Journal of Family Issues	17(3), 283-316			Legal issues or research issues
Streit,C	2002	Identifying Women Who Abuse: Law Enforcement That the Number of Women Abusers is Growing	Law Enforcement Technology	29(8), 22-24			Legal issues or research issues
Strickland,S.	2008	Female Sex Offenders: Exploring Issues of Personality, Trauma, and Cognitive Distortions	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	23, 474-489			Legal issues or research issues
N=60 convicted F.S.O.s from US prison system, compared to 70 age matched non-sex offending female inmates. Used Multiphasic Sex Inventory-II Female with female SOs, found they showed emotional neediness/loneliness, marked lack of accountability/blaming outlook
Sugihara,Y., Warer, J.A.	2002	Dominance and domestic abouse among Mexican Americans: Gender dfferences n the etology of violence in intimate relatinships	Journal of Family Violence	17(4), 315-340			Legal issues or research issues
15% of women used seuxal coercion
Sundaram,V., Laursen,B., & Helwig-Larsen,K.	2008	Is seuxal victimization gender specific? The prevalence of forced sexual activity among men and women in Denmark, and self-reported well-being among survivors	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	23(10), 1414-1440			Legal issues or research issues
Looked at lifetime experience of sexual assault in 1,798 Dutch men & 2,134 Dutch women.  39 (2%) of the males reported a history of sexual victimization. The male victims used more sick leave than male controls, rated their health poorer, were more likely to have suicidal ideation and behaviors and abuse alcohol.  Most of the men were victimized by someone they knew but the study did not give a sex breakdown for the perps. Majority of the abuse occurred when the men were under the age of 13 yrs.   27 adolescent males (<16 yrs) reported sexual assault history (1%).   The majority were victimized by someone they knew and 15% were victimized by a school teacher although this study did not indicate the sex of the teacher.
Tardieu,A.	1857	Les Attentats aux moeurs	Editions Jerome Millon				Legal issues or research issues
Reported cases of mother/child sexual abuse.
Tiaden,P., Thoennes,N., Allison,CJ.	1999	Comparing violence over the life span in samples of same-sex and opposite-sex cohabitants.	Violence & Victims	14:413-425			Legal issues or research issues
Tsopelas, Christos, Spyridoula Tsetsou, Petros Ntounas, and Athanassios Douzenis	2012	Female perpetrators of sexual abuse of minors: What are the consequences for the victims?	International journal of law and psychiatry	35, no. 4 (2012): 305-310			Legal issues or research issues
Tsopelas, Christos, Tsetsou Spyridoula, and Douzenis Athanasios	2011	Review on female sexual offenders: Findings about profile and personality	International journal of law and psychiatry	34, no. 2 (2011): 122-126			Legal issues or research issues
Tsopelas,Christos,Tsetsou,Spyridoula, and Douzenis,Athanasios	2011	"Review on female sexual offenders: Findings about profile and personality." .	International journal of law and psychiatry	34 no 2 122-126			Legal issues or research issues
Turchik,J.A., Hebenstreit,C.L.,& Judson,S.S.	2015	An Examination of the Gender Inclusiveness of Current Theories of Sexual Violence in Adulthood Recognizing Male Victims, Female Perpetrators, and Same-Sex Violence	Trauma,Violence&Abuse	1-16, 1524838014566721			Legal issues or research issues
Discusses need for gender-inclusive conceptualization of sexual violence and victimization that takes into account factors that contribute to its occurrence with both sexes, with heterosexual and non-heterosexual individuals. Noted that most assessment tools assume a male perp, female victim and heterosexual behavior. This discourages research, public awareness, services and resources for victims who do not fit that narrow conceptualization. If there is not awareness, then support and resources aren't forthcoming. Notes that laws may not acknowledge victimization of males.  Discusses a variety of theories, whether they have empirical evidence, are gendered or not. Notes that future theories should all help research and clinical work, and take into account non-male and non-heterosexual behavior. Biological Theories (attachment, emotion processing, neurodevelopmental) notes the theory hasn't been empirically tested nd while it isn't a gendered theory, the research done so far as been with male perps.  Evolutionary Psych (Sexual coercion as form of mating effort), has evidence for gender differences in mating stratgies across human culters but ignores sociocultural factors, doesn't explain sexual violence to elderly, pre-pubescent children or same-sex. Routine Activity Theory (motivated offender with vulnerable raget and lack of capable guardian), shows some support but definations varied among studies and the 'capable guardian' ) may be the perp; doesn't have a gendered conceptualization. Feminist theory (rape is about power rather than sexual desire) has some evidence at macro levels (societies) , does include male-on-male rape in prison but ignores perpetration by women.  Social Learning (role models, intergenerational transmission, dysfuntional schmas) has some support but is overly simplistic; is not gendered in it's conceptualization.  Typologies (post hoc, focused on motvation) has mostly been applied to males with only 3 exceptions (Matthew, Matthews & Speltz 1989, Syed & Willaims 1996, Vandiver & Kercher 2004), are of limited use clinically don't replicate well but aren't gendered.  Ellis' Synthesized Theory (evolutionary, learning, feminist and neurohormonal); not empirically tested is not gendered.  Marshall & Barbaree's Intergrated theory (bio, social learning, hormonal), is focused on impulse failure and ignore planned attacks; gendered. Hall & Hirschman's Quadripartite model (arousal, cognition, emotions and personality); not been empirically tested.  Malamuth's Confluence model (feminist, learning, evolutionary and personality); has some evidence relation to porn use and male attitudes towards violence ITSO (bio, cultural, learning); not been empirically tested
Turell,SC.	2000	A descriptive analysis of same-sex relationship violence for a diverse sample.	Journal of Family Violence	15:281-293			Legal issues or research issues
. N=499 LGBT individuals; 12% of lesbian and bisexual women reported a history of sexual assault by an intimate partner.
Turton, Jackie	2013	Betrayal of trust; victims of maternal incest	Participation, Citizenship and Trust in Children's Lies (Studies in Childhool and Youth)		2013 Palgrave Macmillan	Hanne Warming	Legal issues or research issues
Unpublshed	2013	Sexual Aggression Vctimization and Perpetration among Female and Male University Students in Poland	Journal of Intpersonal Violence				Legal issues or research issues
N= 565 Polish university students, 18-27 yrs old. 356 females/209 males. Used Krahe & Berger's 2013 Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale.   Self-reported victimization of males was 28.4%.  Self-reported perpetration rate for females was 6.5%.  Most of both victimization and perpetration involved non-strangers and most involved alcohol use by one or both parties. The results showed that 7.9% (n = 16) of men and 6.3% (n = 22) of women reported both victimization and perpetration incidents & 20.3% (n = 41) of the male and 28.0% (n = 98) of the female sample reported only victimization experiences.  For both women and men, the highest victimization rates were found for the use or threat of physical force (women: 23.1% and men: 20.5%),{20% of the men had physical force as part of their victimization}followed by the exploitation of their incapacitated state (17.6% and 11.7%). The gender difference was non-significant for the use or threat of physical force. Perpetration rates reported by women was 3.4% for use of or threat of physical force, 3.1% for exploitation of the man's inability to resist and 1.4% for verbal pressure.   The gender differences within each strategy were non-significant for the use or threat of physical force, exploitation of the victim's incapacitated state, and the use of verbal pressure, respectively).  21.2% of men reported having experienced at least one sexually aggressive act by a former or current partner, 23.2% of males indicated such experiences with a friend or acquaintance. The corresponding rates for sexual victimization by stranger were 14.9% for women and 14.5% for men.  Across the different sexual acts, no differences between women and men were found in each victim-perpetrator constellation, indicating that the extent to which unwanted sexual experiences within different victim-perpetrator constellations was reported did not differ between men and women for partner, friend/acquaintance, and stranger, respectively.  Perpetration against former or current partner: 5.1% of women; friend, or acquaintance: 2.8% of women; stranger: 1.5% of women). Altogether, 6.3% of women reported having committed at least one sexually aggressive act toward someone they knew. More men (8.3%) than women (2.9%) reported experience of unwanted sexual acts different from touching, attempted or completed intercourse from a friend or acquaintance through the threat or use of physical force.  As for the sexual victimization from stranger, more men (6.4%) than women (1.1%) experienced forced sexual intercourse as well as other sexual activities (6.9% of men and 1.4% of women.  Finally, across all coercive strategies, more men than women reported higher victimization rates in both completed sexual intercourse and other sexual activities from both friend or acquaintance and stranger, all. No gender differences emerged at the level of the single items in the perpetration reports
Unpublshed		Female Sex Offenders: an analysis of crime scene behaviors	Journal of Interpersonal Violence				Legal issues or research issues
N=73 FSO (UK & US law reports).  Age range 18-60; average 32 yrs.  Victim age range 1-18 yrs, average 11.7 yrs.  Multiple victims for 29 offenders; only 29 involved a male co-perp.  18% of the FSO were related to their victims.  Found three types of behaviors: Controlling, Hostile and 'Involvement" (i.e.: pseudo-intimacy).  Control: lack of empathy, victim as sexual object and use for any other form of personal gain (producing porn); may be opportunistic and impulsive, probably generalist, similar to the 'male-coerced' and 'homosexual criminal' typologies.  Hostility: vent anger on victim, engage in force and violence beyond what is necessary for sexual part of crime, use degradation, threats; penetrate victim with object; penetration as a way of humiliating victim; similar to 'aggressive homosexual' typology.  Involvement: pseudo-intimacy, repeat offenses against victim; engage in emotional blackmail; similar to 'teacher-lover' or 'heterosexual nurturer' typologies.
Urbaniok,F., Endrass,J., Noll,T., Vetter,S., & Rossegger,A.	2007	Posttraumatic stress discorder in a Swiss offender population	Swiss Medical Weekly	137(9-10) 151-156			Legal issues or research issues
N=86 offenders with Zurich Office of Corrections.  Examined whether the Swiss offender population showed increased prevalence of PTSD.  27% estimated to have PTSD, 75% had experienced at least one traumatic event that met DSM IV criteria.  16% sexual victimization by stranger, 10% sexual victimization by family member and 50% had experienced intercourse prior to the age of 18 with someone who was 5 years older than them.  (definition of intercourse is not made in study).
Van Arsdale, A.	2010	Is adolescent female sex offending a true paradox? A compartive studyof gender differneces in sex offending and delinquency	doctoral dissertation, University of Florida				Legal issues or research issues
Used data from youth referred to juvenile justice system for violent contact felonies, N=145 Compared to equal sized group of adolescent female delinquents, adolescent male sex offenders, and adolescent male delinquents.  More AFSO reported experiencing sexual abuse, more diagnosed with mental disoreder but ONE-THIRD had NOT experienced any trauma or victimization.  Used a 46 item instrument called the Positive Achieemement Change Tool, is semi-structured interview inluded victimization self-report and mental health self-report.  70% denied history of experiencing trauma and only 31% of AFSO reprted it.  72% of ASO denied any history fo sexual victimization  and only 28% reported it.  49% of the AFSO denied witnessing violence, 51% reported it.  87% of the AFSO denied a history of neglect only 13% reported it. 76% denied a history of physical abuse, only 24% reported it.  More AFSOs had witnessed violence than had been sexually victimized.  Study did not investigate who the violence perpetrator was; could have learned violence from watching violent female caregivers.  73% of AFSO Self-Reported to have received a mental disorder diagnosis prior to DJJ referral, only 27% had one (this included diagnoses not viewed as causng offense behavior such as depression and anxiety) 36% had committed Felony Sexual Battery (penetration 20% had committed Lew/Lascivious Battery ("sexual activity" with 12-16 yr old), 26% had commited Lewd/Lascivious Molestations (fondling genitals of <16 yr old) 15% had committed Lewd/Lascivious Conduct (fondling <16 yr old) OF the 145 AFSO in the study, 47 had committed sexual offense before age of 12, 57 during 13-14.Compared to the AMSO ,the AFSO were more likely to start offendng at an earlier age than those without this history.  Notes that sex offenses against children committed by adolescents probaly result in even fewer arrests than do those committed by adults, presumably because adult child molesters are viewed as more dangerous by the criminal justie system and/or beuase juvenile offenders are usually known to the victim, so families may be less willing to report the crime.
Van Decraen, Els, Kristien,Michielsen, Sarah Herbots Ronan Van Rossem % Marleen Temmerman	2012	Sexual coercion among in school adolescents in Rwanda: a prevalence and correlates of vitimization and normative acceptance	African Journal of Reprodcutive Health	16(3), 139-153			Legal issues or research issues
A survey of  285 senior secondary school students, average age 21 yrs. Of sexually active respondents, 15.5% reported forced sexual intercourse, 25% reported an age-disparate relationship with partner 10+ yrs older. This was the case for 17% of the male sexually active respondents but only 2% of the males reported forced sexual intercourse.
Van Mastrigt, S.B., & Farrington,D.P.	2009	Co-offending, age, gender, and crime type: Implications for criminal justice policy	British Journal of Criminology	49(4), 552-473			Legal issues or research issues
Van Waters,M	1951	Rehabilitation of women sex offenders	Journal of Social Hygience	37(5), 935-940			Legal issues or research issues
is about sex workers
Van Wormer, K.	2001	Counseling Female Offenders and Victims: A Strengths Restorative Approach			New York: Springer Publishers		Legal issues or research issues
Vandiver,D	2006	Female sex offenders: A comparison of solo offenders and co-offenders	Violence and Victims	21 339-354			Legal issues or research issues
Vandiver,D.M.	2007	Female sex Offenders: A comparison of those acting alone to those acting with a co-offender	Violence and Victims	21(3), 339-354			Legal issues or research issues
Used 2001 National Incident Based Reporting System with info from 21 US states plus DC area.  Compared solo FSOs (N=123) to co-offending FSOs (N=104), who were similar in terms of age and race. Co-offenders tended to have more than a single victim, were more likely to have victims of both sex and to perpetrate against a relative. Noted that not all co-offenders were male, had 8 who were part of all-female perp group.
Vandiver,D.M.	2006	Female Sex Offenders	In R.D.M. Anulty & M.M. Burnette (Eds) Sex and Sexuality	Vol 3 pp 47-80	Westport CT : Praeger		Legal issues or research issues
Engage in variety of sexualized behaviors including fondling, oral stimulation, putting fingers inside the body, putting objects inside the body, forcing victims to watch others engage in sexual activity, and forcing victims to touch/fondle the perpetrator. Objects such as enema equipment, sticks, candles, vibrators and “other” objects were inserted into many of the above-mentioned body parts, also. Some of the “other” objects included scissors, knives, hair rollers, needles, religious medals, vacuum cleaner parts, and even a goldfish.  Discussed grooming behaviors done under guise of ‘nurturing’.
Vandiver,D.M. & Walker, J.T.	2002	Female sex offenders: An overview and alaysis of 50 cases	Criminal Justice Review	27(2), 284-300			Legal issues or research issues
Out of 1,644 registered sex offenders in Arkansas, 2.4% were female S.O.s, 94% of the victims were related to the perps
Vandiver,D.M. & Walker, J.T.	2003	Female sex offenders: A case study approach	Paper presented at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Las Vegas NV				Legal issues or research issues
Varjacic,Valentina		http://prezi.com.mqk7pc1anzi5/female-child-sex-offenders-review-of-literature/					Legal issues or research issues
Virani,P	2000	Bitter chocolate: Child sexual abuse in India			Penguin Books : India		Legal issues or research issues
Wagner,William G, Richard Aucoin & James T. Johnson	1993	"Psychologists' attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: The impact of sex perpetrator, sex of victm, age of victim, and victim response."	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	2,2 61-74			Legal issues or research issues
Sample 303 American psychologists and found they ahd same attribution biases against male victims.
Wahl,C.W.	1960	The psychodynamics of consummated maternal ncest: A report of two cases	Archives of General Psychiatry	3, 96-101			Legal issues or research issues
case histories of 2 adult psychiatric patients who reported incest with their mothers during adolescence
Wakefield,H., & Underwager,R.	1991	Female child sexual abusers:A critial review of the literature	American Journal of Forensic Psychology	9 (4), 45-69			Legal issues or research issues
Wakefield,H.,Rogers,M.,Underwager,R.	1990	Female sexual abusers: A theory of loss	Issues in Child Abuse Accusations	2 (4), 191-195			Legal issues or research issues
Waldner-Haugrud,L.	1999	Sexual coercion in lesbian and gay relationships: A review and critique	Aggression and Violent Behavior	4 (2), 139-149			Legal issues or research issues
Waldner-Haugrud,L. & Magruder,B.	1995	Male and female sexual victimization in dating relationships: Gender differences in coercion techniques and outcomes	Violence and Victims	10 (3), 203-215			Legal issues or research issues
Waldner-Haugrud,L., Vaden Gratch,L, & Magruder,B.	1997	Victimization and perpetration rates of violence in gay and lesbian relationships: Gender issues explored	Violence and Victims	12 (2), 173-184			Legal issues or research issues
Waldner-Haugrud.L., Vaden,Gratch,L.	1997	Sexual coercion in gay/lesban relationships: Descriptives and gender differences	Violence and Victims	12 (1), 87-98			Legal issues or research issues
N=111 lesbians, used survey; 45% reported a history of sexual assault by an intimate partner.
Wang, Yu-Wei	2011	Voices from the Margin: A Case Study of a Rural Lesbians's Experience with Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence	Journal of Lesbian Studies	15 (2), 2011			Legal issues or research issues
Looked at coping responses for female victims of sexual assault by FSO, noting extra difficulties due to rural setting.
Warren,J., & Hislop,J.	2001	Female sex offenders: A typological and etiological overview	In R Hazelwood & A. Burgess (Eds), Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach	pp 421-434		Bocal Raton,FL CRC Press	Legal issues or research issues
Wasley,M.K.	2013	Sexual Ad-lib? Sexual Scripts and the Negotation of Sexual Boundaries When Women Have Sex with Women	Doctoral dissertation: Texas State University				Legal issues or research issues
N=20.  Several participants discussed their sexual victimization by other women, with relevant factors such as fear of partner's temper, violence and the role of alcohol in these events. The author used vague terms regarding violation of sexual boundaries rather than attempted sexual assault.
Waterman,C.K., Dawson, M.A., & Bologna,M.J.	1989	Seuxal coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors of gay rape	Journal of Sex Research	26(1), 118-124			Legal issues or research issues
124.  N=36 lesbians; 31% reported being victims of forced sex by their current or most recent partners
Watkins,B., and Bentovim,A.	2000	Male children and adolescents as victims: A review of current knowledge	In Meze, G.C. and King,M.B. (Eds) Male Victims of Sexual Assault 2nd edition	pp 35-78		New York: Oxford Unveristy Press	Legal issues or research issues
Weedon,Victoria	2011	Girls 101: psychosocial and Clinical Characteristics of girls (10-17 years) with Harmful Sexual Behaviors in New Zealand	Dissertation 2011				Legal issues or research issues
61% of the girls also had non-sexual violent behavior, 18% engaged in animal cruelty (including sexual), 6.8% were accessing pornography. 36% had male victims, 27% had female victims and 29% had both male/female victims. 48% of the victims were family members. 4.5% anally penetrated their victim, 2.5% vaginally penetrated their victim, 70.5% fondled their victim's genitals. 59% had more than one victim. 63% started offending by age 12 years. 56% molested children under the age of 5 years, Sites of the offending ranged from home, school to babysitting
Welldon,E.	1996	Female Sex Offenders'	Prison Service Journal London	107 39-47			Legal issues or research issues
West, CM, Rose S.	2000	Dating aggression among low income African American youth: An examination of gender inddferences and antagonistic beliefs	Violence Against Women	6:470-494			Legal issues or research issues
.  N=171 low income African American youth, with female perpetrated sexual aggression ranging from 1.3% engaging in forced fondling of male victim's genitalia, 6.9% forcing oral sex, 11.5% either attempting or succeeding in forcing intercourse with their male victim.
West, Sara G., Susan Hatters Friedman & Ki Dan Kim	2011	Women Accused of Sex Offenses: A Gender-Based Comparison	Behavioral Sciences & the Law	29 (5), 728-740			Legal issues or research issues
Used data from US city's forensic psych clinic over 6 year period where women were referred for Sexual Predator Classification evals.  Was diverse group (age 19-62 years) but most had kids, most had prior arrests, most had non-paraphilic diagnoses.  50% of FSOs denied any history of childhood physical abuse, 66% denied any history of childhood sexual victimization.
Whaley,Monte	2011	Sentencing disparities in child-sex-assault cases point to double standard'	The Denver Post   www.denverpost.com/news/ci_18726100				Legal issues or research issues
Analyzed Colorado sentencing data from 2006-2010, N=79 FSOs, 38% of whom went to prison for conviction of child sexual assault and 39% were given Probation.  In comparison, males convicted of same had an incarceration rate of 50% and only 35% got probation.
Whelan,C., Farr, C & Hammond,S	2010	Evaluation and validation of the revised Thorne Sex Inventory: implications for female sexual offenders	Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 99999	(1) 1-16			Legal issues or research issues
Suggested the TSI as a research tool
White,J.W., & Humphrey, J.A.	1994	Women's aggression in herosexual conflicts	Aggressive behaviour	20, 195-202			Legal issues or research issues
Whiting,Glynis	2001	When Girls Do It; An examination of sexual predators (Video)				CTV Moving Images Distribution	Legal issues or research issues
45 minutes long, focus on Canadian case of Crystal Hendricks (adult) who co-offended with a male
Widom,C.	1979	Female Offenders: Three Assumptions About Self-Esteem, Sex-Role Identity, and Feminism	Criminal Justice and Behavior	6,365-382			Legal issues or research issues
Widom,C.S.& Morris,S.	1997	Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization, part 2: childhood sexual abuse	Psychological assessment	9 (1),, 34			Legal issues or research issues
Males who childhood physical abuse also had significant amount of sexual victimization, with 16.9% reporting intercourse and 14.4% reported attempted intercourse in childhood.
Widom,C.S., & Massey,C.	2015	A Prospective Exmaination of Whether Childhood Sexual Abuse Predicts Subsequent Sexual Offending	JAMA pediatrics	169(1), e 143357-e143357			Legal issues or research issues
Prospective cohort study and archival records check from US Mid. Used kids (0-11 yrs) with substantiated cases of physical and/or sexual abuse and cases of neglect, then matched (age, sex, ethnicity, social class) with kids without these histories.  908 abused kids and 667 control kids, followed into adulthood. Also looked at criminal histories from state and federal records at 3 points in time plus state S.O. registries.  Found that MALES who had histories of childhood physical abuse and neglect were at increased risk for being arrested for a sex crime, compared to controls, when they controlled for demographics.  The adjusted odds ratio was 2.06 for physical abuse, 2.21 for neglect but sexual abuse didn't increase the risk; it didn't reach statistical significance. But the physical abuse, neglect and sexual abuse of females was NOT associated with increased risk.  In other words, the 'predisposed' female offender typology isn't real
Wijkman, Miriam & Catrien Bijleveld	2013	Criminal Career Features of Female Sexual Offenders	ATSA 2013 Chicago				Legal issues or research issues
We examined data on all (N=260) convicted adult hands-on female sex offenders who became known to the criminal justice authorities in the Netherlands between 1993 and 2011. As such, the research group we studied comprises, in a statistical sense, a population. We analyzed the official criminal records of these females, as well as their court files that often contain psychiatric and psychological screenings, that also contained detailed descriptions of the sexual offenses committed.  Findings indicate that one in three female sexual offenders in the study had an IQ below 85. About 36% had an Axis I and/or II disorder. Sexual victimization was reported by 22%. More than 65% had committed the offense together with a co-perpetrator and two thirds of victims were female. The average age at which they had first committed a sexual offense was approximately 35 years. Over their entire career, about half of the women had committed other offenses besides sexual offenses. Less than 2% re-offended to with a new sexual offense and the majority of the women desisted after the index sex offense. The average criminal career duration was 3.7 years for all women. Further characteristics of their criminal careers in terms of age of onset, offending frequency, duration and desistance will be described for different offender types. To better understand the patterns of offending of female sexual offenders, these characteristics will be disaggregated by prominent background factors like disorders, IQ, and victimization experiences.
Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld & Jan Hendricks	2011	"Female Sex offenders: Sepcialists, generalists and once-only offenders."	Journal of Sexual Aggression	17 (1), 34-45			Legal issues or research issues
A latent class analysis shows that three subgroups of women can be distinguished: once-only offenders (who commit just one sex offence and no other offence), generalists (who combine sex offending with relatively many serious other, often violent, offences) and specialists (who commit relatively many sex offences next to some minor offences). Women in these three criminal career types differ in characteristics such as victimization history, alcohol abuse and the sex of the victims.  Median age of their victims was 11 years.  More than 25% of the women were solo offenders and 12% were the lead offender with an accomplice. 45% of the co-offenders were not romantic partners. 18% of the women used violence.
Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld & Jan Hendricks	2013	Juvenile female sex offenders: Offender and offence characteristics	European Journal of Criminology				Legal issues or research issues
Used all juvy FSOs from Netherlands (1993-2008) N=66. Most offended with someone else rather than solo..
Wijkman,M	2014	Female seuxal offending: Offenders, criminal careers and co-offending	Thesis Universiteit Amsterdam				Legal issues or research issues
N= 135 Dutch FSOs, average age 35 years, 42% had below average or borderline intelligence, 48% had some form of Axis I or II disorder (i.e. borderline personality, alcoholism).22% claimed a history of sexual abuse (majority did Not have a history of sexual victimization).  Victim ages ranged from infant to elderly, with Median age of 13 yrs. 44% of cases involved the perp's relative; 30% offended against a male victim, 58% against a female victim and 12% offended against both sexes. 26% had more than one victim.  In 12% of cases, the FSO facilitated the offense with an accomplice (no coerced by a male co-offender) and in 28% she offended solo.  18% used physical violence against victim(s). 1.5% had a hands-on sexual re-offense, 7.4% had a violent re-offense and 27.4% had a general, non-violent re-offense.   Cases divided up between those who had Only One Offense, Generalists (sexual and non-sexual offenses) or Specialists (40% committed 5+ sexual offenses).  The Specialists were the ones who also engaged in hands-off offending like producing child pornography.  They rarely committed other types of crime. Noted that, compared to a similar study with males, her study had more (57%) Specialists.   Specialists were more likely to report their own childhood sexual victimization, while Generalists were more likely to report childhood abuse and neglect.  Mean follow-up time was 11 years.  Generalists average start age was 30.2, Specialists was 34.2, with Generalists having a longer criminal career.
Wijkman,M., Bijleveld,C.C., & Hoving E.	2008	Zoiets doet een vrouw niet' Kenmerken en subtypen van vrouwelijke zedendelinquenten	Tijdschrift voor Criminologie	51 (3), 1			Legal issues or research issues
Williams,C.M., Cook-Craig, P.G., Bush,H.M., Clear,E.R., A.M. Garcia,L.S.,& Fisher,B.S.	2014	Victimization and Perpetration of Unwanted Sexual Activities Among High School Studens Frequency and Correlates	Violence Against Women	20(10) 1239-1257			Legal issues or research issues
. Looked at both perpetration and victimization in a Kentucky statewide sample of high school males & females, N=18,030 .   Noted the problem of multiple definitions and terms used in research for sexual violence.  13.6% of responding males reported history of victimization, with slightly higher rate among non-white males and higher rate among males who identified as not-exclusively heterosexual.  5.8% of responding females reported history of perpetration, with being in a relationship during the last 12 months, not being exclusively heterosexual, not being white and parental partner violence as correlating factors. The methods used by females were threatening to end relationship and getting victim intoxicated. 4.4% of the females reported both victimization and perpetration histories.
Williams,Jessica, Roberts: Reem. M. Ghandour and Joan E. Kub	2008	Perpetration of Violence in Heterosexual Intimate Relationships: Adolescence through Adulthood	Trauma,Violence&Abuse	9(4): 227-249			Legal issues or research issues
Wojcieszek,Agnieska and Miguel Angel Soria		"Female sex offenders, Risk factors, characteristics and criminal behaviour Age 15	http://www.forensicscience/pl/pfs/92_Wojcieszek.pdf	no 43-45			Legal issues or research issues
Wolfers,O.	1992	Same abuse, different parent	Social Work Today	13-14			Legal issues or research issues
Wolfers,O.	1994	The paradox of women who sexually abuse children	In M. Elliott (Ed) Female Sexual Abuse of Children	93-99	New York: The Guilford Press		Legal issues or research issues
Wolff, N. Blitz, C.J. shi,J>, Bachman,R.,& Siegel,J.A.	2006	Sexual violence  inside prisons: Rates of victimization	Journal of Urban Health	83 (5) 835-848			Legal issues or research issues
N= 6,964 men and 564 women, used survey of state prisoners.  Female-on-female sexual victimization within last 6 months was 21% (4x higher than that reported by males at 4.3%) but staff-on-inmate sexual victimization was equal.
Wright,Richard G. (ed)	2009	Sex Offender Laws: Failed Policies, New Directions New York: Springer					Legal issues or research issues
Cites the Uniform Crime Reports of the FBI 2006, which indicated that females represent only 10% of the sex offense cases that come to the attention of authorities. More specifically, arrests of females represent only 1% of all adult arrests for forcible rape and 6% of all adult arrests for other sex offenses.
Wulffen,E.	1934	Woman as sexual criminals			New York: American Ethonological Press		Legal issues or research issues
Wurtele,S.K. Simons,D., & Moreno,T.	2013	Sexual Interest in Children Among an Online Sample of Men and Women: Prevalence and Correlates	Sexual abuse: A journal of research and treatment 1079063213503688				Legal issues or research issues
N=262 females/173 males. 2% of women indicated some likelihood of having sex with a child if they were guaranteed they would not be caught or punished. 3% of females indicated some likelihood of viewing child pornography on the Internet. Overall, 4% of females reported some likelihood of having sex with children or viewing child pornography. Females (and males) with any sexual interest in children reported higher likelihoods of engaging in other antisocial or criminal behaviors and also reported more dysfunctional childhoods (i.e., histories of sexual abuse, insecure parent-child attachments).
Ybarra,Michele L. & Kimberly J. Mitchell	2013	Prevalence Rates of Male and Female Sexual Violence Perpetrators in a Nation Sample of Adolescents	JAMA pediatrics	Published online			Legal issues or research issues
N=1,058 youths (14-21) data collected online in 2010 and 2011. 9% reported perpetrating some form of sexual violence during their lifetime including 10 women who reported attempted or completed rape of victim. Females tended to have older victims, and started offending at a later age than males.  The majority of the female's victims were male, with 72% of victims the perp's boyfriend. 6% threatened to use force and 7% did use force on victim. The majority did not suffer any consequences, in part because no one was informed. 70% reported that they felt not at all or only somewhat responsible for what occurred. 49% reported that they felt the victim was completely responsible for what occurred.
Yost, M.R. & Zurbriggen E.L.	2006	Gender differences in the enactment of sociosexuality: An examination of implicit social motives, sexual fantasies, coercive sexual attitudes, and aggressive sexual behavior.	Journal of Sex Research	43 (2) 163-173			Legal issues or research issues
Young,M.H., Justice,J.V.&Edberg,P.	2010	Sexual Offenders in Prison Psychiatric Treatment: A biopsychosocial description	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology	54 (1) 92-112			Legal issues or research issues
Young,V	1993	Women abusers-a feminist view	In M. Eliott (Ed.) Female Sexual Abuse of Children	100-113		New York: Guilford Press	Legal issues or research issues
Young,V	1994	Self-help for survivors	In M. Ellott (Ed), Female Sexual Abuse of Children	198-218		New York: Guilford Press	Legal issues or research issues
Zurbriggen,Eileen L.	2000	"Social motives and cognitive power-sex associations: Predictors of aggessive sexual behavior."	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	78 no 3 (2000): 559			Legal issues or research issues
Community sample; 17% of women had used at least one manipulative tactic (threatening to end relationship, belittling partner's manhood) in order to secure sex from partner. 18% reported getting someone drunk in order to decrease their resistance to sex.  11% had used physical tactics such as grabbing the person tightly while looking at them angrily".
Zurbriggen,Eileen L.	2011	Implicit motives and sexual conservatism as predictors of sexual behaviors.	The Journal of social psychology	151 (5) 535-555			Legal issues or research issues
N=92 women, 102 men from community sample. Measured implicit motivations about Power (want to have an impact on the world) and Affiliation-Intimacy, sexual conservatism (only certain behaviors and certain partners are acceptable; very related to procreative sex, restrictive sexual behaviors for women).  Women who had both low sexual conservatism (high sexual liberalism?) and high power implicit motivation had more sexual partners and started having sex at an earlier age.
Zweig,J.M. Barber,B.L., & Eccles, J.S.	1997	Sexual coercion and well being in young adulthood: Comparisons by gender and college status.	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	12 (2) 291-308			Legal issues or research issues
Participants wrote stories in response to TAT pictures, which were scored for power and affiliation-intimacy motives. They also completed a lexical-decision priming task that provided an index of the strength of the cognitive association between the concepts of "power" and "sexuality." For women, high levels of affiliation-intimacy motivation were associated with more frequent aggression. Women higher in affiliation-intimacy motivation reported more coercive and seductive behaviors. Strong power-sex associations were also predictive for women but only when affiliation-intimacy motivation was high.  6% also admitted to forcing sex on someone who was already too drunk to resist, 15% to threatening to leave relationship if sex refused, and 17% to intentionally getting someone drunk in order to force sex. The Affiliation-intimacy motive is defined as a concern for friendship or warm, intimate relationships with others.  Affiliation-motivated participants choose incompetent friends rather than competent strangers as their partner for performing a task (French, 1956).  When predicting physical aggression by women, Mason and Blankenship (1987) found that those women self-reporting high stress who were also high in affiliation motivation and low in activity inhibition inflicted the most physical and psychological abuse on their partners.
	1986	Around the nation: Woman may be rapist, Main high court holds			New York Times		Legal issues or research issues
Women as well as men may be prosecuted for statutory rape, the State Supreme Court ruled today, paving the way for trial of a woman accused of raping a 13-year-old boy. The justices concluded that Maine's rape laws under the criminal code are ''gender neutral'' and dismissed a defense argument that only women may be the victims of rape, said Assistant Attorney General Wayne Moss. ''Taken together, these statutes represent a comprehensive effort on behalf of the Legislature to outlaw the sexual exploitation of children, whether male or female,'' the court said.
		Making Daughters Safe Again					Legal issues or research issues
http://mdsa-online.org/
Acton, W. M.	1865	The Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive Organs in Childhood, Youth, Adult Age, and Advanced Life, considered in their Physiological, Social, and Moral Relations.	The American Journal of the Medical Sciences	49(98), 468			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
claimed that women weren’t “bothered” by sexual feelings.
Apfelberg, B., Sugar, C., & Pfeffer, A. Z.	1944	A psychiatric study of 250 sex offenders.	American Journal of Psychiatry	100, 762-770.			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Bauserman, R., & Rind, B.	1997	Psychological correlates of male child and adolescent sexual experiences with adults: A review of the nonclinical literature.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	26(2), 105-141			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
(See Rind et al)
Bernard, P.	1886	Des Attentats à la pudeur sur les Petites Filles.	Paris: Octave Doin				Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Chideckel, M.	1935	Female Sex Perversion			Oxford: Eugenics Publishing Co.		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Christopher, Russell L. & Kathryn H. Christopher	2012	The Paradox of Statutory Rape	Indiana Law Journal	87 (2)			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
“What once protected only virginal girls under the age of ten now also protects sexually aggressive males under the age of eighteen” (under 18 means they aren’t men) “…now exposes the adult rape victim to statutory rape liability
Davin, P. A.	1999	Secrets revealed: A study of female sex offenders Sexual Abusers: Three Views	Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views	9-134	Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press	P. A. Davin, J. R. Hislop, & T. Dunbar	Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Davin, P. A., Dunbar, T., & Hislop, J.	1999	Female Sexual Abusers: Three Views Sexual Abusers: Three Views			Brandon, VT, Safer Society Press		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Duncan,K	2010	Female Sexual Predators			Praeger		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Elliott,M (ed).	1994	Female Sexual Abuse of Children			New York : The Guilford Press		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Erickson,Pamela I & Andrea J Rapkin	1991	"Unwanted sexual experiences among middle and high school youth."	Journal of Adolescent Health	12 no 4 319-325			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Genders were similar regarding partner pressure and the influence of drugs and alcohol. Students who reported having had an unwanted sexual experience were more likely to report current risk taking behaviors, school problems, and health problems  and those who had been physically forced were less likely to be currently sexually active and scored lower on a measure of current substance use than those who were not forced.
Fehlow, P.	1975	The female sexual delinquent	Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinishche Psychologie (Leipz)	27(10), 612-618			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Freund, K., Heasman, G., Racansky, I. G., & Glancy, G.	1984	Pedophilia and heterosexuality vs. homosexuality	Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy	10(3), 193-200			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
note - 'pedophilia...does not exist at all in women' p.193
Gibb, T. W.	1894	Indecent assault upon children	A system of legal medicine	649-657	New York: E.B. Treat	A. M. Hamilton & L. Godkin	Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Hollender, M. H., Brown, W., & Roback, H. B.	1977	Genital exhibitionism in women	American Journal of Psychiatry	134 (4), 436-438			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., Martin, C. E., and Gebhard, P. H.	1953	Sexual Behavior in the Human Female.	Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders				Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Lane, S., & Lobanov-Rostovsky, C.	1997	Special populations: Children, females, the developmentally disabled, and violent youth	Juvenile Sexual Offending: Causes, Consequences and Correction	322- 359	San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers	G. Ryan & S. Lane	Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
lumps women, intellectually impaired and minors all together
Lidz, R. W., & Lidz, T.	1969	Homosexual tendencies in mothers of schizophrenic women.	The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease	149(2), 229-235			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Lombroso,C., Ferrero,W.	1895	The female Offender			London: T Fisher Unwin		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Lukianowicz, N.	1972	Incest: I Paternal incest: II other types of incest	British Journal of Psychiatry	120, 301-313			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Mathis, J L.	1972	Clear Thinking about Sexual Deviations : A New Look at an Old Problem			Chicago: Nelson-Hall		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
“that she might seduce a child into sex play is unthinkable and even if she did so what harm could she do without a penis?” Pg. 54)
Rind, B., Tromovitch, P., & Bauserman, R.	1998	A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples	Psychological bulletin	124(1), 22			Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Infamous study that suggested that sex between minor age males and adults were not necessarily negative and that “men react less negatively than women”. They suggested that ‘willing encounters’ of sex between children and adults should be given a value neutral term. Study was widely criticized for statistical problems & misreporting of original data. Was cited in State of Arizona v. Steward (1999) when a convicted child molester argued for clemency, stating that this research showed that children aren’t harmed by sexual molestation. See: Dallam, S. J., Gleaves, D. H., Cepeda-Benito, A., Silberg, J. L., Kraemer, H. C., & Spiegel, D. (2001). The effects of child sexual abuse: Comment on Rind, Tromovitch, and Bauserman (1998).
Shengold, L.	1989	A case of incest between mother and adolescent son	Soul murder: The effects of childhood abuse and deprivation		Yale University Press		Out-dated, erroneous, etc.
Wrote that there could be some ‘positive’ aspects to incest as it ‘saves’ man from homosexuality
Alaggia, R., & Millington, G.	2008	Male child sexual abuse: A phenomenology of betrayal	Journal of Clinical Social Work	36, 265-275			Specifically on male victims
Anderson, L.M., Lowry, L..S. & Wuensch, K.L.	2015	Racial Differences in Adolescents' Answering Questions About Suicide	Death studies	pages 01-05			Specifically on male victims
Analyzed data from Youth & Risk Behavior Survey 2009 and 2011, N=31,000 teens ages 14-18 yrs regarding suicide attempts within a year of the survey.  Only 3.5% of boys without sexual victimization histories attempted suicide but 33.2% of boys with history of sexual victimization attempted suicide within last year. Author felt it was related to stigma, lack of support system.
Anderson, P. B.	1993	Sexual victimization: It happens to boys, too.	Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal	57(1), 5, 12.			Specifically on male victims
Anderson, P.B., & Melson, D.T.	2002	From deviance to normalcy  Women as sexual aggressors	Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality	5			Specifically on male victims
reviewed some of the early literature on female sexual coercion towards adult males
Andersson, Neil, and Ari Ho-Foster.	2008	13,915 reasons for equity in sexual offences legislation: A national school-based survey in South Africa.	International Journal for Equity in Health	7, no. 1 (2008): 20. 2008			Specifically on male victims
Of 126,696 male students ages 10-19 in South Africa 55% reported being forced into sex at least once, with 41% of the perps female and another 27% having been forced by both male/female, 9% of male students reported forced sex w/o consent in the last year, 14% of 10 yr olds & 44% of the 18 yr olds ‘ever’ had been forced to have sex. 41% reported victimization by a female perpetrator and 26% reported victimization by both a female and a male perpetrator. Sexual abuse by females was associated with urban residency.
Belanger, S.	2008	Characteristics and reactions of sexual victimization of adolescent male sexual abusers by female perpetrators.	Unpublished thesis		Smith College School of Social Work		Specifically on male victims
Berman,A	2014	The Impact of Female-Perpetrted Sexual Abuse on Male Youths Who subsequently Sexually Offend	Doctoral dissertation, Brandeis University				Specifically on male victims
N=176 male juveniles who were victims of incest as youths and later committed sexual offenses. The male victims of female offenders reported the same levels of emotional dysregulation, callousness and sexual preoccupation as did those victimized by males.  Notes that the societal discourse (and that of many mental health professionals) constructs female sexual offenders as inherently insane, engaging in behaviors due to damage from their own victimization or due to male coercion and that the sexual abuse is harmless.  This removes sexual offending from the “spectrum of femininity” and lets us pretend that women are inherently ‘safe”.   This discourse of denial negatively effects how the FSOs view themselves (not really doing anything wrong), allows medical and social welfare professionals to overlook indications of child sexual abuse by women, prevents funding of education or treatment resources for victims and perpetrators, invalidates the victims and disallows any prevention education since children are never told to be wary of women.
Bolton, F. G., Morris, L. A., & MacEachron, A. E.	1989	Males at Risk: The Other Side of Sexual Abuse			Newbury Park, CA: Sage		Specifically on male victims
Breiding, MJ, Smith, SG. Basile, KC, Walters, ML Chen,J & Merrick, MT	2011	Center for Disease Control Prevalence and Characteristis of Sexual Violence, Stalking and Intimate Partner iolence Victimization	Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report	2014;63			Specifically on male victims
Has data collected in 2011 on domestic & sexual violence in USA.  Although the CDC defines sexual violence as a sexual act perpetrated against someone's will, and fines a sexual act the penetration of a vagina/anus by a penis/object/finger, they still seem to be ignoring events where a male is forcibly made to penetrate a vagina, which clearly meets their definition.   Comparing the 2010 data (4.8%) to the 2011 data (6.7%) for the last 12 months, there has been an increase in males reporting rape/being forced to penetrate.   Comparing lifetime findings, reports by Male victims of female perps rose from 6.7% in 2010 to 20.7% in 2011, while male victims of male perps went down from 93.3% to 79.3%.  Men reporting being forced to penetrate a female rose from 79.2% to 82.6%.
Briere, J., Evans, D., Runtz, M., & Wall, T.	1988	Symptomatology in men who were molested as children: A comparison study	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry	58(3), 457-461			Specifically on male victims
Brodie, F.	1992	When the Other Woman Is His Mother: Book One/Boys As Incest Victims and Male Multiple Personality Disorder/for Partners and Professionals.			Tacoma, WA: Winged Eagle Press.		Specifically on male victims
Caceres,C.F.	2005	Assessing young people's non-consentual sexual experiences; lessons from Peru	Sex without consent.  Young people in developing countries	(127-138)	London. Zed Books		Specifically on male victims
20% of men (16-30yrs) reported non-consensual sex by female perp at least once during lifetime
Capers, Bennett	2011	Real rape too.	California Law Review	99 (2011): 1259			Specifically on male victims
Carvalho,J., & Nobre,P.J.	2015	Psychosexual characteristics of women reporting sexual aggression against men	Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260515579504				Specifically on male victims
N=260 female college students, used online survey, 35.8% reported having committed some form of sexual aggression against men: 46.2% by sexual coercion, 34.1% engaged in sexual abuse, and 19.8% used physical force.  Sexually aggressive women self-reported more socio-sexuality (willingness to have sex outside of a relationship), fantasies of dominance and submission and sexual compulsivity.
Chapleau, KM, Oswald DL & Russell RL	2008	Male rape myths: the role of gender, violence and sexism	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	23 (5) 600-612			Specifically on male victims
N=423 college students, given measures of believes about rape, interpersonal violence. Men were less accepting of the myth that a man would not be upset after a sexual accept and they were least accepting of the idea that men do not get raped. Support for rape myths didn’t vary depending on the sex of the victim.
Collings, S.J.	1995	The long-term effects of contact and noncontact forms of child sexual abuse in a sample of university men	Child abuse & neglect	19(1), 1-6			Specifically on male victims
Condy, S. R., Templer, D. I., Brown, R., & Veaco, L.	1987	Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women	Archives of Sexual Behavior	16(5), 379-394			Specifically on male victims
N=359 college males compared to 212 male inmates. 15% of inmate sample cited a history child sexual abuse by a female but none of the college sample cited it. The majority of women were friends, neighbors, baby sitters, and strangers to the boy. Intercourse and genital touching were the predominant forms of sexual abuse.
Coxell, Adrian; Michael King, Gillian Mezey, and Dawn Gordon	1999	Lifetime prevalence, characteristics, and associated problems of non-consensual sex in men: cross sectional survey	British Medical Journal	1999 27; 318(7187): 846–850			Specifically on male victims
2474 of 3142 men (79%) agreed to participate; 71/2468 (standardized rate 2.89%) reported non-consensual sexual experiences as adults, 128/2423 (5.35%,) reported non-consensual sexual experiences as children, and 185/2406 (7.66%) reported consensual sexual experiences as children that are illegal under English law. Almost 3% of men in England report non-consensual sexual experiences as adults, 13% reported sexual experiences as children that were non-consensual or illegal. 21% of the child sexual assault was done by female perps and the mean age of the victims was 11 years. Regarding female perps, 46% were forced to perform oral sex on the perp, 50% were forced to have intercourse with the perp, 4% were anally penetrated. 28 cases involved a boy molested by a sole female and 2 of a boy molested by a female/male couple. Only 2 males reported their victimization to police. In 91% of the Statutory rape cases(‘consensual sex with child by person 5+ yrs older), the perp was female, the mean age of the victim was 14. 37% of the men who has ‘consensual’ sex as a kid went on to report psych symptoms. 48% of the adult men who were raped as by a female reported psych symptoms.
Crome,S.A.	2006	Male survivors of sexual assault and rape	Australian Institute of Family Studies				Specifically on male victims
Cuk, Renata		Sexual violence against men in armed conflicts.	Course: Gender, Sexuality and Violent Conflict.  Beyond Oppositional Imagination.  Miroyna,Akademia (Peace Academy)				Specifically on male victims
Davies, Michelle	2002	Male sexual assault victims: A selective review of the literature and implications for support services.	Aggression and Violent Behavior	7, no. 3 (2002): 203-214			Specifically on male victims
Davies, Michelle & Paul Rogers	2006	Perceptions of male victims in depicted sexual assaults: a review of the literature	Aggression and Violent Behavior	11 367-377			Specifically on male victims
States that support, help and research for male victims is 20+ years behind that for female victims. Notes that teacher-lover’ subtype gets most media attention because it’s easiest to sensationalize (would never use that term if sexes were reversed)
Davies, Michelle, Paul Pollard, and John Archer	2001	The influence of victim gender and sexual orientation on judgments of the victim in a depicted stranger rape	Violence and Victims	16, (6) 607-619			Specifically on male victims
Used vignettes of sexual assault, changed the victim’s gender and sexual orientation. Men judged gay male victims more negatively than females, but also blamed the heterosexual male victims of sexual assaults by women more. Male respondents seemed to make assumption that a male victim should/could fight or escape a male attacker, should acquiesce to a female attacker; gender related attribution bias.
Dinwiddie,S, Heath,A.C.,Dunne,M.P., Bucholz,K.K., Madden,P.A., Slutske, W.S., & Martin, N.G.	2000	Early sexual abuse and lifetime psychopathology: a co-twin-control study.	Psychological Medicine	30(1) 41-52			Specifically on male victims
N= 5995 Australian twins; history of CSA was reported by 2.5% of the men. In the sample as a whole, those reporting CSA were more likely to receive lifetime diagnoses of major depression, conduct disorder, panic disorder and alcoholism, and were more likely to report suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempt.
Duncan, L. E., & Williams L. M.,	1998	Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	39(9/10), 765-785			Specifically on male victims
Used hospitalized sample
Ellen,Barbara	2009	http://www.thegarudian.com/commentisfree/2009/nov/29/barbara-ellen-madeleine-martin-comment	Thinks female sexual abuse of minor age male is "pathetic, not predatory"				Specifically on male victims
Ellerstein, N., & Canavan, W.	1980	Sexual abuse of boys	American Journal of Diseases of Children	134, 255-257			Specifically on male victims
In a retrospective review of 145 sexually abused children, 11% were male. The boys were more likely to be assaulted in a public place than were girls, and boys were more prone to physical injury. The relationship of the perpetrator to the child was similar for boys and girls as was the age of the children. This study emphasizes the existence of boys as victims of sexual abuse.
Elliott, A. J. & Peterson, L. W.	1993	Maternal sexual abuse of male children: When to suspect and how to uncover it	Postgraduate Medicine	94(1), 169-180			Specifically on male victims
Etherington, K.	1999	Maternal sexual abuse of males	Child Abuse Review	6(2), 107-117			Specifically on male victims
Fagen, J.L., & Anderson, P.B.	2012	Contstruction masculinity in response to women's sexual advances	Archives of sexual behavior	41(1) 261-270			Specifically on male victims
N=20 males who reported a history of unwanted sexual interactions with females.  Author theorized that males may set limitations on women's sexual advances in order to feel a sense of agency as demanded by traditional gendered sexual scripts.
Faller, K.C.	1989	Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boys and girl victims differ	Child Abuse and Neglect	13, 281-291.			Specifically on male victims
Fater,K.,&Mullaney,J.A.	2000	The lived experience of adult male survivors who allege choldhood sexual abuse by clergy.	Issues in Mental Health Nursing	21(3), 281-295			Specifically on male victims
Fischer, G. J.	1991	Is Lesser Severity of Child Sexual Abuse a Reason More Males Report Having Liked It?	Sexual Abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment	4(2), 131-139			Specifically on male victims
Fisher, Nicola L., and Afroditi Pina	2012	An overview of the literature on female-perpetrated adult male sexual victimization	Aggression and Violent Behavior				Specifically on male victims
The rape of women has been an issue of concern in research literature for the past 40 years. Conversely, rape against men has only relatively recently received investigation. The current paper reviews the existing research literature regarding male rape and sexual assault, with particular emphasis on female perpetrated male sexual victimization. The review covers issues regarding biased legal definitions, rape myths, feminist theory, and stereotypical or negative beliefs; all of which create a problematic social environment for male victims of female perpetrated assault to report crimes. The review also discusses the prevalence of female perpetrated attacks against men, with evidence from self-reports by female sex offenders to highlight the existence of male sexual victimization and the aggressive manner in which the sexual activity is committed. The review concludes that male sexual victimization by women should be taken as seriously as that of women by men. Highlights ► A succinct overview of literature on female perpetrated adult sexual victimization. ► We discuss issues around the definition of rape and the use of gendered language. ► Rape myths affect recognition and reporting of male sexual victimization by females. ► Increasing acceptance and recognition of female perpetrated sexual assault. ► Need for provision of appropriate outlets and support for male victims of females.
French,B.H., Tilghman, J.D. & Malebranche, D.A.	2014	Seuxal coercion context and psychosocial correlates among diverse males	Psychology of Men & Masculinity	1642-53 42-53			Specifically on male victims
N=284 diverse high school & college males from Midwest, ages 14-26. 43% experienced sexual coercion; 31% experienced verbal coercion, 18% experienced physical coercion.  95% reported the perpetrator was female. Consequences include greater sexual risk taking, alcohol use and psychological distress.
Frieden, J.	(2003, November	Female sexual abuse of boys often goes unreported	Clinical Psychiatry News	‘1-5			Specifically on male victims
Fromuth, M. E., & Burkhart, B. R.	1989	Long-term psychological correlates of childhood sexual abuse in two samples of college men	Child Abuse and Neglect	13(4), 533-542			Specifically on male victims
Fuchs, Siegmund Fred	2004	Male sexual assault: issues of arousal and consent	Cleveland State Law Review	51 (2004): 93			Specifically on male victims
Gil,S	2014	Male Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse by a Male or Female Perpetrator	Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders and Treatment	3,3.2			Specifically on male victims
N=58 male survivors of sexual abuse by male perps, N=39 survivors of sexual abuse by female perps.   Victims were abused by male perps as a significantly younger age than by female perps which may account for the higher rate of psychiatric diagnosis in the victims of male perps.  The victims of female perps had high amounts of fear of merger and fear of abandonment as well as high amounts of extraversion and agreeableness, which might reflect a coping strategy.  Their perpetrators were mostly biological mothers or stepmothers.
Gill,M., & Tutty, L.M.	1998	Sexual identity issues for male survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A qualitive study.	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	6(3) 31-47			Specifically on male victims
N=10 males (ages 27-50) who had history of sexual victimization as children, 1 by a female and 5 by female and male perps.
Graham, Ruth	2006	Male rape and the careful construction of the male victim	Social & Legal Studies	15 (2) 2006: 187-208			Specifically on male victims
Griffith, S.R	2013	Men's Stories of Unwanted Sexual and Pornography Experiences: A Qualitative Analysis	Doctoral Dissertation Wheaton College				Specifically on male victims
Used Online Survey with N=590 male college students to ask about unwanted sexual experiences (kissing'intercourse), disclosure and unwanted exposure to porn.  17% had unwanted sexual experience history, 64% of those had disclosed it, 13% had unwanted exposure to porn. Situations ranged from childhood molestation, adult sexual assault and also 'silent reluctance' to say no.  Masculine sexual scripts were found to play a role. Noted that the constant questioning of whether men can have unwanted sexual experiences discredits that victimization and may be part of the shifting of blame onto male victims; since he was male, he could have physically stopped it if he really wanted to stop it.
Gutwoski,Christy	2003	"Is he less a victim? Teen who says he was raped by Library aide says he's been ostracized because he's male."			Chicago Daily Herald 9/21/03		Specifically on male victims
Harper, J. F.	1993	Prepubteral male victims of incest: A clinical study	Child Abuse & Neglect	17(3), 419-421			Specifically on male victims
Hepburn, J. M.	1995	The Implications of Contemporary Feminist Theories of Development for the Treatment of Male Victims of Sexual Abuse	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	3(4), 1-18			Specifically on male victims
Holmes, G. R., Offen, L., & Waller, G.	1997	See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: Why do relatively few male victims of childhood sexual abuse receive help for abuse-related issues in adulthood?	Clinical Psychology Review	17(1), 69-88.			Specifically on male victims
Holmes, William C., and Gail B. Slap	1998	Sexual abuse of boys	JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association	280, no. 21 (1998): 1855-1862			Specifically on male victims
rates of female perpetrator abuse from 27% to 78%
Isely, Paul J., and David Gehrenbeck-Shim	1997	Sexual assault of men in the community	Journal of Community Psychology	25, no. 2 (1997): 159-166.			Specifically on male victims
out of 705 men who sought medical attention following a sexual assault, only 23% in one study revealed the sexual nature of the injury to medical personnel
Johnson, R. L., & Schrier, D.	1987	Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population.	American Journal of Psychiatry	144(5), 650-652			Specifically on male victims
11 out of 25 boys (5-17) treated at this clinic were sexually abused by a female (ages 16-36)
Kia-Keating,M., Grossman, F.K., Sorsoli, L., & Epstein M.	2005	Containing and Resisting Masculinity: Narratives of Renegotiation Among Resilient Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse	Psychology of Men & Masculinity	6(3), 169			Specifically on male victims
King, Michael &Earnest Woollett	1997	Sexually Assaulted Males: 115 Men Consulting a Counseling Service	Archives of Sexual Behavior	1997, 26,(6) 579-588			Specifically on male victims
All men were seen at least once for face-to-face counseling at SURVIVORS, a counseling service for male victims. Data on 115 men were analyzed: 69 were assaulted while under age 16. 6% of the men were assaulted by a man and a woman, and 7% by women. 79% sought no help and only 15% reported to police. Victims assaulted by more than one person were more likely to have been assaulted by strangers, by women, and to have suffered physical harm. In the majority of the cases involving women, the perpetrator was a family member (usually the mother).
Kramer, Elizabeth J	1998	When men are victims: Applying rape shield laws to male same-sex rape	New York University Law Review	73 (1998): 293			Specifically on male victims
Kramer,Elizabeth,J.	1998	"When men are victims: Applying ape shield alws to male same-sex rape"	New York University Law Review	73 (1998): 293			Specifically on male victims
Lab,D.D., Feigenbau, J.D., & DeSilva, P.	2008	Mental health professionals' attitudes and practices towards male childhoold sexual abuse.	Child abuse & neglect	24(3), 391-409			Specifically on male victims
N=179 psychologists, psychiatrists and nurses were asked 10 questions regarding their attitudes and actions regarding male sexual victimization.  Majority didn't ask about it, didn't know facts on the topic, didn't have training in the assessment or treatment of male victims.
Lawson, C	1993	Mother-son sexual abuse: Rare or under-reported? A critique of the research.	Child Abuse & Neglect	17(2), 261-269			Specifically on male victims
Notes that male victims often won’t disclose until they are in long-term therapeutic relationship.
Lawson, C.	1991	Clinical assessment of mother-son sexual abuse	Clinical Social Work Journal	19(4), 391-403			Specifically on male victims
Levesque, R. J. R.	1994	Sex differences in the experience of child sexual victimization [290]	Journal of Family Violence	9, 357-369			Specifically on male victims
Light, David & Elizabeth Monk-Turner	2009	Circumstances Surrounding Male Sexual Assault and Rape Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	November 2009 24 (11) 1849-1858			Specifically on male victims
This work rests on a subsample of 219 men from the 1994-1996 Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men in the United States Survey. 29% of male respondents in the NVAW sought medical or psychological help after the assault. Results show that men who presented for help were more likely to have reported being physically injured during the assault and that penetration occurred.
Lisak, D.	1994	The psychological impact of sexual abuse: Content analysis of interviews with male survivors.	Journal of Traumatic Stress	7, 525-548			Specifically on male victims
Macchietto, J. G.	1998	Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual aggression.	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	187-204	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Specifically on male victims
Macchietto,J.G	1998	Treatment issues of adult male victims of female sexual abuse	Mackelprang, Emily & Judith V. Becker Crime and Punishment: Gender in Teacher Sex Offense Cases (poster, ATSA 2012)				Specifically on male victims
Used practicing attorneys to read vignettes of cases of teacher/student sexual abuse, with genders either male/female or female/male.   Attorneys were more punitive to male offending teachers.
Margolin, L.	1985	The effects of mother-son incest.	Journal of Family and Economic Issues	8(2), 104-114			Specifically on male victims
Margolis, M.	1977	A preliminary report of a case of consummated mother-son incest.	Annual of Psychoanalysis	5, 267-293			Specifically on male victims
Margolis, M.	1984	A case of mother-adolescent son incest: A follow-up study.	Psychoanalytic Quarterly	53, 355-385			Specifically on male victims
Marinussen, Anne	2010	Gender-based sexual violence against men and boys in conflict: recognition of male survivors of sexual violence under international law. Case: The democratic republic of Congo					Specifically on male victims
International law: As women’s movements played such an important role in the recognition of sexual violence as a crime, acknowledgement of these crimes only granted females recognition as victims.247 Consequently, gender-based sexual violence against men and boys as an element of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, often goes under noticed, under prosecuted and under punished. International law does not fully recognise that men, too, are vulnerable to sexual violence in armed conflict. This lack of recognition, enforcement and analysis might stem from false assumptions on the nature and frequency of the crimes of sexual violence. the framing of the ICTY’s inquiry into war crimes in the Balkans, including rape and sexual violence, still seem to be influenced by the focus of political elites, international NGOs and feminist scholars and activists on female survivors of sexual violence. Whilst Dr. Sophie Clarin was asked to testify and stated that “men and women were victims of rape”, the ICTY protocol for rape witnesses stated that the “ICTY will provide safety and confidentiality for all women”. Male survivors were thus omitted from the trial process. male rape survivors attending MSF clinics in Ituri have reported being forced to have sexual intercourse with female fighters or guards while in detention.
Martin,Jonathan	1997	Jury Finds Woman Guilty of Rape, Assault Spickler-Bowe Becomes Frist Woman Convicting of Raping A Man In Spokane			The Spokesman-Review		Specifically on male victims
The victim, a 42-year-old victim suffered a broken nose, cheek and ribs and was bruised over half his body. Doctors testified that the man had been raped with a broomstick battered on 60 percent of his body.  Spickler-Bowe is the first woman in Spokane County to be convicted of raping a man
McLean IA.	2013	The male victim of sexual assault	Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology	2013 27 (1) 39-46			Specifically on male victims
Under-reporting by male victims is more pronounced than for females victims, and so male victims remain a rarity for most sexual assault aftercare service providers. In this chapter, I present a review of forensic medical and psycho-social literature on male-on-male rape and sexual assault. Where appropriate, comparison is made with female victims, as that is the context with which most aftercare service providers are familiar. The following aspects are covered: prevalence; definitions; social perceptions of perpetrators and victims of sexual assault on males; characteristics of victims and assaults; physiological and psychological responses; and implications for forensic medical investigation.
Mezey, GC; King, MB	2000	Male Victims of Sexual Assault. (2nd ed.).			Oxford University Press: Oxford		Specifically on male victims
Miles, Glenn, and Kathryn M. Davis.	2013	The Exploitation of boys/Youth in the Massage Trade					Specifically on male victims
41% of Masseurs reported first sexual experience 14-15 yrs, 24% ages 12-13. 27% of escorts reported first sexual experience between ages 14-15 yrs. 58% of masseurs had first sex with a female, 50% of escorts had first sex with a female. Of those masseurs having first time sex w/ a female, 14% said it was with a client. Of those escorts whose initial sex was with a female, 30% was with a client. In other words, between 14%-30% lost their virginity to a female customer of the sex trade.
Miletski, H.	1999	Mother-Son Incest: The Unthinkable Broken Taboo			Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press		Specifically on male victims
Miller,P.M., & Lisak,D	1999	Associations between childhood abuse and personality disorder symptoms in college males	Journal of interpersonal violence	14(6), 642-656			Specifically on male victims
N=584 men, average age 28 years, reported histories of sexual abuse, physical abuse or both.  10.6% of men reported histories of sexual abuse without physical abuse, 10.4% reported sexual abuse with physical abuse (21%). Abuse histories were associated with greater levels of adult personality disorder symptoms (Borderline, Narcissistic, Passive/Aggressive)
Munro,K	2002	Male sexual abuse victims of female perpetrators: Society's betrayal  of boys	Posneto 2, 2006				Specifically on male victims
Nelson,S.	2005	Torn up with anger. What happens to male survivors of childhood sexual abuse?	Mental Health Today	29-31	Brighton, England		Specifically on male victims
Nyembezi, Anam, Ken Resnicow, Shegs James, Itumeleng Funani, Sibusiso Sifunda, Robert AC Ruiter, Bart van den Borne, Kathy Sanders-Phillips, and Priscilla Reddy	2012	The association between ethnic identity and sexual coercion among young men in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Journal of health psychology	17, no. 7 (2012): 1089-1094			Specifically on male victims
Individual face-to-face structured interviews were conducted among 1656 men who had undergone male initiation and circumcision in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Overall, 8.4 per cent of the participants reported ever having forced someone to have sex. Logistic regression adjusting for age, working status, education level and nation of origin showed that participants that expressed high cultural affiliation were significantly less likely to sexually coerce someone. The findings suggest that emphasizing cultural commitment may reduce sexual coercion, though findings need to be replicated.
Onyango,M.A., & Hampanda,K.	2011	Social Constructions of Masculinity and Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence: an Analytical Review	International Journal of Sexual Health	23(4), 237-247			Specifically on male victims
Papadakaki,M., Tsalkanis,A., Aravantinou,A., Efixidi,R., Iosifdis,J., Chliaoutakis,J.	2013	Factors that Promote Sexual Aggression in Young Men	Hellenic Journal of Psychology	20(2)			Specifically on male victims
found male victimization rate of 80.5%.
Peluso, E., & Putnam, N.	1996	Case study: Sexual abuse of boys by females	Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry	35(1), 51-54			Specifically on male victims
Small clinical sample
Petrovich, M. & Templer, D. I.	1984	Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists	Psychological Reports	54, 810			Specifically on male victims
N=83 males in prison for rape, 59% of their perps were female.
Ray,S.L.	2001	Male survivors' perspectives of incest/sexual abuse.	Perspectives in psychiatric care	37(2), 49-59			Specifically on male victims
N=25 adult males age 21-60; majority without children regardless of lifetime relationship status; average age of onset of incest was 4.5 years; 80% were victimized in more than 1 sexual manner; 16% were sexually victimized by their mother (data on grandmother conflated with that of grandfather);
Reinhart, M. A.	1987	Sexually abused boys.	Child Abuse & Neglect	11(2), 229-235			Specifically on male victims
Risin, L. I., & Koss, M. P.	1987	The sexual abuse of boys: Prevalence and descriptive characteristics of childhood victimizations	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	2(3), 309-323			Specifically on male victims
N=2,982 males ages 18-24 yrs, 7.3% of whom reported experience that met criteria for childhood sexual abuse. 42.7% of perps were female. 23% were victimized by a babysitter. Majority of the victims never reported it to anyone. 33% of those victims penetrated were victimized by women
Romano, Elisa & Rayleen V DeLuca	2001	Male sexual abuse: A review of effects, abuse characteristics, and links with later psychological functioning	Aggression and Violent Behavior	6 (1) 2001, 55–78			Specifically on male victims
Despite the increasing awareness of sexual victimization involving males, there remain a number of factors (e.g., stigma of homosexuality, male ethic of self-reliance) that continue to contribute to the underreporting of such cases. Nonetheless, there appears to be growing recognition of male sexual abuse as a serious problem with potentially numerous debilitating consequences. The clinical and research literature presently contains a number of articles on issues pertaining to males who have experienced sexual abuse during childhood. The purpose of the present paper is to review some of the more recent literature on the short- and long-term effects commonly found among sexually abused males. These effects, which include depression, self-blame, low self-esteem, anger, anxiety, and sexuality problems, are also compared with findings commonly reported among sexually abused females. In addition to sexual abuse effects, the present paper also reviews a number of important sexual abuse characteristics (e.g., age of abuse onset, duration of the abuse, nature of the sexual activity), examines the relationship of these characteristics to later psychological functioning, and explores gender similarities and differences. Finally, the implications of the findings with regard to treatment interventions are briefly discussed.
Roys, D. T. & Timms, R. J.	1996	Personality Profiles of Adult Males Sexually Molested by Their Maternal Caregivers -- Preliminary Findings	Journal of Child Sexual Abuse	4(4), 63-77			Specifically on male victims
Rudin, M. M., Zalewski, C., & Bodmer-Turner, J.	1995	Characteristics of child sexual abuse victims according to perpetrator gender.	Child Abuse & Neglect	19(8), 963-73			Specifically on male victims
Clinical sample. On average, females abused children 3.3 years younger (X— = 6 years) than males (X— = 9.3). The cumulative percentage for victims 6 years and under was 30.1% for male abusers and 67.8% for female perpetrators, which was a statistically significant difference. 56% of the perps were related to their victims, 19% were caretakers of their victims.
Rumney, Philip.	2007	In defense of gender neutrality within rape	Seattle Journal of Social Justice	6 (2007): 481			Specifically on male victims
Saradjian, J.	1997	Factors that specifically exacerbate the trauma of victims of childhood sexual abuse by maternal perpetrators	Journal of Sexual Aggression	3(1), 3-14			Specifically on male victims
Shengold, L. S.	1980	Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest	International Journal of Psychoanalysis	61, 461-476			Specifically on male victims
Sleath, E., & Bull, R.	2010	Male rape victim and perpetrator blaming.	Journal of Interpersonal Violence	June 25, (6), 969-88			Specifically on male victims
Smith, Holly & Edie Israel	1987	Sibling Incest: a study of the dynamics of 25 cases	Child Abuse & Neglect	11 (1) 1987 101-108			Specifically on male victims
using data based on 25 families with substantiated allegations of sexual abuse reported between May 1982 and December 1985. Perpetrators' ages ranged from 9 to 20 yrs; victims' from 3 to 13 yrs. 25% of incest offenders were femal3, 89% of victims were female, 11% were male,
Smith, L.H., and Ford,J.	2010	History of Forced Sex and Recent Sexual Risk Indicators Among Young Adult Males.	Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health	42: 87-92			Specifically on male victims
. N=1,400 males 18-24 yrs from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth; 6% of men reported having been forced by a female perp to have vaginal intercourse. Verbal and physical forms of coercion and provision of alcohol and drugs were commonly used by perpetrators of both genders
Smith, R. E., Pine, C. J., & Hawley, M. E.	1988	Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault	Journal of Sex Research	24, 101--112			Specifically on male victims
the male victim of sexual assault by females was judged more likely to have initiated or encouraged the sex acts, and more enjoyment and less stress were attributed to him. This pattern of results was more pronounced among male subjects. The results are discussed in relation to stereotypic beliefs concerning male sex roles, sexual motivation, and sexual functioning that are likely to affect the social cognitions of both observers and male victims of heterosexual assault. Male victims are seen as having encouraged it and derived sexual pleasure from it; probably due to endorsement of stereotypic views of male sexuality (always ready and enjoying sex with any willing woman)
Smith,R.E., Pine,C.J.& Hawley, M.E.	1998	Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault	Journal of Sex Research	24, 101-112			Specifically on male victims
the male victim of sexual assault by females was judged more likely to have initiated or encouraged the sex acts, and more enjoyment and less stress were attributed to him. This pattern of results was more pronounced among male subjects. The results are discussed in relation to stereotypic beliefs concerning male sex roles, sexual motivation, and sexual functioning that are likely to affect the social cognitions of both observers and male victims of heterosexual assault. Male victims are seen as having encouraged it and derived sexual pleasure from it; probably due to endorsement of stereotypic views of male sexuality (always ready and enjoying sex with any willing woman)
Sorensen Tina A.	2011	Compromised Masculinities: Issues Surrounding Rape and Sexual Torture of Men in Conflict Situations	Master’s thesis		U Manitoba 2011		Specifically on male victims
Stemple,L., & Meyer,I.H.	2014	The Sexual Victimization of Men in America: New Data Challeng Old Assumptions	American Journal of public health	104(6), e19-e26			Specifically on male victims
Used 2010-2012 data of sexual victimization obtained by 5 federal surveys (CDC, FBI, Bureau of Justice Stats) and found that they show high prevalence of sexual victimization of men in US but also found definitions that were either outdated or inconsistent as well as biased sampling (excluding inmates) which perpetuate the myths that males aren't victims of sexual assault.
Stirpe, T. S., & Stermac, L. E.	2003	An exploration of childhood victimization and family-of-origin characteristics of sexual offenders against children	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	47(5), 542-555			Specifically on male victims
A comparison of the childhood victimization experiences of 33 sexual offenders against children, 66 violent offenders, and 25 nonviolent offenders in Canadian psychiatric hospital. Overall, 31.5% of the sample reported contact sexual abuse (i.e., oral, vaginal, or anal) by age 14. Sexual offenders against children reported significantly more sexual abuse than both violent and nonviolent offenders and were more likely to have been sexually propositioned and exposed to.
Stockdale, M. S., Visio, M., & Batra, L.	1999	The sexual harassment of men: Evidence for a broader theory of sexual harassment and sex discrimination	Psychology, Public Policy, and Law	5(3), 630			Specifically on male victims
Male on male sexual harassment
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D.	1994	Men pressured and forced into sexual experience.	Archives of Sexual Behavior	23(1), 93-114			Specifically on male victims
asked males to rate sense of pleasure/violation to uninvited sexual advances from female acquaintance, more negative if she were unattractive
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D.	1997	Men’s reactions to forceful sexual advances from women: The role of sexual standards, relationship availability, and the beauty bias.	Sex Roles: A Journal of Research	37(5-6), 319-334			Specifically on male victims
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D.	1998	The dynamics and impact of sexual coercion of men by women	Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies	121-143	New York: The Guilford Press	P. B. Anderson & C. Struckman-Johnson	Specifically on male victims
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D.	2001	Men’s reactions to female sexual coercion	Psychiatric Times	XVII(3)			Specifically on male victims
Struckman-Johnson,C., & Struckman-Johnson,D.	1992	Acceptance of male rape myths among college men and women	Sex Roles	27(3-4) 85-100			Specifically on male victims
N=157 heterosexual college males, 153 heterosexual college females
Teram, Eli, Carol Stalker, Angela Hovey, Candice Schachter & Gerri Lasiuk	2006	Towards Male-centric communication: sensitizing health professionals to the realities of male childhood sexual abuse survivors	Issues in Mental health Nursing	2006, 27 (5) 499-517			Specifically on male victims
While male and female participants express similar anxieties and fears about their encounters with health professionals, there are gender-based differences related to the perceptions of victimhood and manhood; guilt and shame; homophobia; disclosure of abuse; and the expression of vulnerability. The implications of these differences for sensitive health care practice are analyzed within the context of gender relationships and the differential socialization of men. Malecentric communication is proposed as a method for addressing the specific experiences of male survivors in their encounters with health professionals.
Thielmann.S.	2010	Professional responses to male survivors of childhold sexual abuse: A literature review on current research and professional practice	Canterury Men's Center				Specifically on male victims
Thompson,Paul& Quigley Rachel		Elementary School teacher, 39, jailed for forty years for her affair with boy of 14	http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2102620/Elementary-school-teacher-39-jailed-40-years-affair-boy-14.html				Specifically on male victims
Shannon Alicia Schmeider had known the 13 year old boy since he was born, was family friend. Was NOT his teacher and so got a more extended sentence
Tsai, Alexander C., Karen Leiter, Michele Heisler, Vincent Iacopino, William Wolfe, Kate Shannon, Nthabiseng Phaladze, Zakhe Hlanze, and Sheri Weiser.	2011	Prevalence and correlates of forced sex perpetration and victimization in Botswana and Swaziland	American journal of public health	101, no. 6 (2011): 1068			Specifically on male victims
Lifetime prevalence rates of forced sex victimization among men, rates of perpetration were 3.9% in Botswana and 5.0% in Swaziland. Lifetime history of forced sex victimization was the strongest predictor of forced sex perpetration by men in Botswana and Swaziland. (did not ask about perpetration by women)
Turchik, Jessica A.	2012	Sexual victimization among male college students: Assault severity, sexual functioning, and health risk behaviors	Psychology of Men & Masculinity	13, no. 3 (2012): 243			Specifically on male victims
51.2% (N= 153) of male participants reported at least one experience of sexual victimization since age 16 with 5.6% reporting victimization experiences by male perpetrators, 48.4% by female perpetrators, and 3% by both sexes.
Turchik, Jessica A., and Katie M. Edwards	2012	Myths about male rape: A literature review	Psychology of Men & Masculinity	13, no. 2 (2012): 211			Specifically on male victims
Belief in some rape myths appear to have decreased over last 16 years. Socially constructed notions of masculinity are not consistent with the constructions of the rape victim (feminine, weak, and defenseless).
Turchik, Jessica A., Samantha Rafie, Craig S. Rosen, and Rachel Kimerling	2013	Preferences for Gender-Targeted Health Information A Study of Male Veterans Who Have Experienced Military Sexual Trauma	American journal of men's health	41592			Specifically on male victims
Male vets with Military Sexual Trauma prefer to receive gender-targeted psycho-educational information rather than gender-neutral information.
U.S.. Dept of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	2000	Extent, Nature and consequence of Intimate Partner Violence-Findings from the National Violence Against Women Study		2000 NCJ 181867			Specifically on male victims
1 in 71 men (1.4%) in the United States have been raped at some time in their lives, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug facilitated completed penetration. More than half male victims (52.4%) reported being raped by an acquaintance and 15.1% by a stranger. One in 19 men (5.2%) in the US have experienced stalking victimization at some point during their lifetime. 5.3% men experienced sexual violence victimization other than rape by any perpetrator in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 1.3% of men were stalked in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 1 in 20 men (5.9% and 5.0%, respectively) experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 48% of the male victims were made to penetrate a former or current partner, 44.7% to do so with an acquaintance and 8.2% with a stranger. At the state level, for men, lifetime estimates ranged from 10.8% to 33.7% for sexual violence other than rape; and 17.4% to 41.2% for rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner. 8.8% of female victims reported only female stalkers; and 4.6% reported having been stalked by both male and female perpetrators. Among male stalking victims, more than half (46.7%) reported being stalked by only female perpetrators. About 1 in 18 male stalking victims (5.5%) reported having been stalked by both male and female perpetrators in his life.
U.S.. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics	2000	Sexual Assault of Young children as Reported to Law Enforcement		July 2000, JCJ 182990			Specifically on male victims
14% of all victims of sexual assault were male. A greater percentage of juvenile sexual assault victims were male (18%) than were adult sexual assault victims (4%). Males were 15% of the juvenile victims of sexual assault with an object, 20% of the juvenile victims of forcible fondling, and 59% of the juvenile victims of forcible sodomy. For victims under age 12, the male proportions were even greater: sexual assault with an object (19%), forcible fondling (26%), and forcible sodomy (64%). Based on the NIBRS data, the year in a male's life when he is most likely to be the victim of a sexual assault is age 4. By age 17 his risk of victimization has been cut by a factor of 5. 3% of juvenile males experience multiple offenses. Female offenders were most common in assaults against victims under age 6. For these youngest victims, 12% of offenders were females, compared with 6% for victims ages 6 through 12, and 3% for victims ages 12 through 17. Overall, 6% of the offenders who sexually assaulted juveniles were female, compared with just 1% of the female offenders who sexually assaulted adults. For male victims under age 12, 40% of offenders were family members.
Vander Mey, B. J.	1988	The sexual victimization of male children: A review of previous research	Child Abuse & Neglect	12(1), 61-72			Specifically on male victims
Walker, Jane Lizbeth	2004	A Study of Male Rape Survivors	Dissertation: University of Cental Lancashire				Specifically on male victims
First study: N=40 male rape survivors' demographics, circumstances and long term effects. Most reported intrusive re-experiencing of rape.  Was focused on male-male rape.
Walters,D.R.	1975	Physical and sexual abuse of children: Causes and treatment			Bloomington Indiana Univeristy Press		Specifically on male victims
Viewed mother-son incest as rare
Weiss,Karen. G	2010	Male Sexual Victimization: Examining Men's Experiences of Rape and Sexual Assault	Men and Masulinities	12(3), 275-298			Specifically on male victims
Used nationally representative sample of male victim info from National Crime Victimization Survey, noted that men's narrative is similar to that of female rape victims, but males were less willing to report victimization.  Specifically male victims reported that 45.7% of their perps were female.  28% of the perps were intimate partners of the male victims, 14% were strangers, 14% were co-workers and 9.3% were friends.  67.4% of the FSO cases involved sexual assault, 14% involved attempted rape and 18.6% involved rape of the male victim.  Author includes an excellent analysis of socio-cultural factors that make it difficult for males to report their sexual victimization.
Yeager,Jennifer,and Joshua Fogel	2006	"Male disclosure of sexual abuse and rape."	Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing Ejournal	6 no 1			Specifically on male victims
Little or no health care provider training on sexual assaul, particularly concerning male victims.
Zyck, Steven A.	2004	Consenting to Masculine Sexuality: Michael M., Sexual Decision-Making, and Claiming the Rape of Men	Dartmouth College Undergraduate Journal of Law	34-39			Specifically on male victims